ABSTRACT
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms. In recent years, the incidence of dry eye has been increasing year by year, and the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye are constantly evolving and innovating. However, due to the corresponding drawbacks of traditional examination methods and the lack of a large number of clinical trial studies on new examination methods, there is still no unified standard for the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye. In this review, we have performed a broad search for articles discussing different examination methods for dry eye, including promising diagnostic tools and technique, the latest advances, and contradictions, in order to provide a review of dry eye examination methods including the tear volume, the tear film, the eyelid and meibomian gland, and the degree of damage to the epithelial cells of the ocular surface, and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye.
ABSTRACT
HBVcccDNA is the first template for HBV to replicate in hepatocytes and the key factor to HBV to continous infect, which can directly reflect HBV′s infections state and replication.The examination of HBVcccDNA is an effective index to evaluate anti-HBV drugs and an objective index to judge wheter HBV infects extrahepatic tissue. cccDNA found in the serum is an important sign of hepatocyte damage at an early stage. There are nested PCR, selective PCR, Southern imprinted hydridization etc.The methods of qualitative detection include real-time PT-PCR, competitive PCR and intruder detection. Currently, there are some deficiencies existing in the clinical method and the examination system of HBVcccDNA has not yet been formed.Further research and exploration are need to be done in order to provide reliable reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The level of HBVRNA in serum potentially reflect cccDNA′s existence and transcription in patient′s liver cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of virtual laboratory (VL) + flipped classroom in teaching of virus infection diagnosis.Methods 40 students of Class One from clinical medical undergraduates of Grade 2014 were randomly taken as the experimental group,with 40 students of Class Two as the control group.The experiment group adopted flipped classroom teaching by virtual lab platform and classroom activities,while the control group adopted traditional classroom teaching such as watching video and lecturing.Finally post-test scores were compared by the independent samples t-test of SPSS 18.0 statistical software between the two groups.The teaching effects were evaluated through questionnaires survey in experimental group.Results The scores (82.73 ± 2.62) of comprehensive assessments were superior to the control scores (57.94 ± 4.65).Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=29.380,P=0.000).Students' satisfaction concerning the teaching methods and effects of the flipped classroom in experimental group was up to 85％.Conclusion Flipped classroom based on internet virtual lab platform in teaching of virus infection diagnosis can enhance the teaching quality and improve students' learning enthusiasm and thinking ability.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzed the shortage of political theories examination in higher schools currently,put forward new principle,characteristics for new examination way and studied different examination ways during the teaching process and at the end of the teaching.