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Based on promoting the " sports and health integration" and with the aim of the positive role of traditional sports in promoting public health in an all-round and whole-cycle way, this paper uses the literature research method to explore the connotation of traditional sports in ancient Chinese books and literatures, such as " treating no diseases" , " treating mild diseases" , " treating desired diseases" and " treating existing diseases" . The traditional exercise prescription is interpreted from the modern language such as the amount of exercise and intensity, application time, role, standardization and matters needing attention, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the integration of traditional exercise prescription into grassroots health management by providing exercise promotion services for healthy, sub-healthy, sick and rehabilitated people.
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Exercise is a crucial method for preventing and controlling chronic diseases, as well as promoting the health of Chinese residents.As guidelines for residents' exercise, traditional exercise prescriptions have limitations such as copying foreign experiences, uneven quality control, and general classification of population characteristics, which affect the applicability and practicality of their application in the Chinese population.A new model of exercise prescription is put forward and named evidence-based and differentiated exercise prescription.In terms of evidence selection, only studies based on Asian populations are selected.In terms of evidence quality control, standardized quality assessment processes are required.In terms of evidence application, accurate classification of candidate populations and personalized application of evidence are achieved.Evidence-based and differentiated exercise prescription provides scientific and accurate exercise prescription guidance for Chinese residents, realizes the integration of sports and medicine, which is conducive for the prevention and control of chronic diseases and the improvement of residents' health level.
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Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases， while Carotid intima-media thickness is a biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have confirmed that exercise can slow down or even reverse the formation and progression of carotid Intima-Media thickness. This paper provides a review of the effects of different exercise modalities， intensities， and populations on the vascular structure to provide a reference for the prevention of atherosclerosis with exercise.
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la inactividad física es un estilo de vida que se ha venido acoplando de manera significativa en la población durante los últimos años y el compromiso cardiovascular inherente a esta falta de actividad es uno de los factores de riesgo más grandes que deben enfrentar los profesionales de la salud. Desde la consulta al médico de atención primaria realizar una adecuada prescripción del ejercicio en el adulto sano puede maximizar los múltiples beneficios de la actividad física y reducir el riesgo cardiovascular y los factores que puedan contribuir al desarrollo de diversas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Objetivo y metodología: con el fin de orientar al profesional de la salud en este proceso de prescripción de una manera adecuada y fundamentada se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre los conceptos básicos de la actividad física y el ejercicio, el principio Frecuencia, Intensidad, Tiempo y Tipo (FITT), el método de abordaje del paciente y la estructuración de un plan básico de ejercicio que cumpla con las recomendaciones estipuladas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Conclusión: la promoción de la actividad física de manera correcta por medio de la comprensión de conceptos relacionados para la prescripción del ejercicio permitirá a los médicos de atención primaria contribuir activa y acertadamente a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible estipulados para 2030 desde la salud y el bienestar.
Physical inactivity is a lifestyle that has significantly increased in the population in recent years. The cardiovascular compromise inherent to this lack of activity is one of the greatest risk factors that health professionals must face. From the primary care physician's office, appropriate exercise prescription in healthy adults can maximize the multiple benefits of physical activity and reduce cardiovascular risk and the factors that may contribute to the development of various chronic non- communicable diseases.
A inatividade física é um estilo de vida que vem aumentando significativamente na população nos últimos anos, e o comprometimento cardiovascular inerente a essa falta de atividade é um dos maiores fatores de risco que os profissionais de saúde devem abordar. A prescrição adequada de exercícios em adultos saudáveis pode maximizar os múltiplos benefícios da atividade física e reduzir o risco cardiovascular e os fatores que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de várias doenças crónicas não transmissíveis.
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In recent years, the global incidence of asthma is still on the rise.Studies have shown that exercise not only promotes bone development and improves cardiovascular fitness in children, but also facilitates symptom control, reduces medication use, and improves asthma-related quality of life in children with asthma.Exercise can cause asthma attacks and aggravation of symptoms, and some children with asthma have poor tolerance to exercise.This article provides a review of the current status of exercise in children with asthma, the use of exercise prescription in children with asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, and the choice of exercise prescription.
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Objective:To investigate the awareness and application of exercise prescription among general practice faculty in Taiyuan City, and to analyze the related factors.Methods:A questionnaire survey on the awareness and application of exercise prescriptions was conducted from July to September 2021 among general practice faculty in Taiyuan City selected by stratified random sampling method. The influencing factors of awareness and application were analyzed with logistic regression.Results:A total of 589 general practice faculty were enrolled in the study, 342 of whom were females (58.06%). The overall awareness rate of exercise prescription was 38.74% (1 369/3 534); the awareness rate of basic knowledge was 56.08% (991/1 767) and the awareness rate of core knowledge was 21.39% (378/1 767). Logistic analysis showed that specialty as general practitioner ( OR=1.66, 95% CI:1.07-2.57, P=0.024), experience of exercise prescriptions ( OR=2.07, 95% CI:1.37-3.12, P=0.001) and willingness of public promotion of exercise benefits ( OR=2.08, 95% CI:1.05-4.15, P=0.037) were factors related to higher awareness of exercise prescription. The survey showed that 231 responders (39.22%) had given patients exercise guidance, among whom 125 (54.11%) gave oral and specific practice guidance, 206 (89.18%) would ask patients to perform health screening before exercise, and 184 (79.65%) performed health fitness evaluation. The knowledge used for guidance was mostly from textbooks or related guidelines (42.42%, n=98), but none of them had prescribed standardized exercise prescriptions. Conclusions:The survey shows that the knowledge and application rate is relatively low among general practice faculty in Taiyuan City. It is necessary to strengthen the training of exercise prescription for them.
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Exercise is medicine.Exercise is not only the cornerstone of children′s normal growth and development, but also the necessary condition of physical and mental health.Moreover, exercise contributes to the management of childhood asthma.Exercise prescription is an effective method for children with asthma, but there is no much experience in China, we should continuously explore and optimize it.Therefore, the level of physical activity could be improved in children with asthma.
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Objective To analyze the research focuses and frontiers of exercise intervention on breast cancer patients. Methods We collected 7134 pieces of literature about exercise intervention on breast cancer in the Web of Science Core Collection database in recent five years, and CiteSpaceⅤ was used to conduct visual knowledge map analysis and generate a visual map including discipline distribution, country or region distribution, keyword co-occurrence or highlighting, keyword timeline maps, etc. Results In recent years, the domain of exercise intervention on breast cancer has achieved rapid development. The disciplines were mainly cardiovascular system and cardiology as well as oncology. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Italy ranked in the first places with regard to the number of papers. The body mass index and the quality of life betweeness centrality were respectively 0.81 and 0.52, which played an important role in the knowledge map. The keyword highlighting map and the timeline map showed that cardiac toxicity was a research focus in this domain. Conclusion The research focuses of exercise intervention on breast cancer are mainly cardiovascular and related fields, in a rapid development stage. Future research directions include weight control, quality of life and cardiac toxicity.
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Resumen La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una patología cardiovascular con elevada morbi-mortalidad, sus causas más frecuentes se asocian a la cardiopatía isquémica y la hipertensión arterial. La rehabilitación cardiaca (RC) ha demostrado ser efectiva para mejorar la sintomatología, la capacidad funcional, el número de internamientos y la mortalidad en personas con dicha enfermedad. A pesar de esto, se ha documentado que la RC y el ejercicio físico como uno de sus componentes, siguen siendo subutilizados. Se revisa la evidencia científica y guías de práctica clínica disponibles, con el objetivo de valorar la seguridad, la respuesta y los beneficios del ejercicio en personas con IC, incluyendo las recomendaciones sobre prescripción, modalidades de entrenamiento (HIIT, músculos respiratorios y electroestimulación muscular funcional) y finalmente las consideraciones especiales durante el proceso de RC.
Abstract Exercise prescription in patients with heart failure during cardiac rehabilitation. Heart Failure (HF) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. The most frequent causes are associated with ischemic heart disease and high blood pressure. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been shown to be an effective method in improving symptoms, functional capacity, also in reduce of the number of hospitalizations and mortality in people with this disease. Despite this, it has been documented that CR and physical exercise continue to be underused. The scientific evidence and available clinical practice guidelines are reviewed, in order to assess the safety, response, and benefits of exercise in people with HF, including recommendations on prescription, training modalities (HIIT, respiratory muscles, and functional muscle electrostimulation) and finally the special considerations during the CR process.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise Therapy/methods , Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods , Heart Failure/rehabilitation , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Patient SafetyABSTRACT
In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has being rising, and diabetes and its complications seriously affect the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Studies have shown that exercise prescription is one of the effective methods to improve insulin sensitivity, improve oxidative stress, adjust glucose metabolism, and improve the quality of life in diabetic patients. The exercise prescription is part of measures for diabetic patient management in both domestic and foreign guidelines. Doctors in primary care need to learn and master exercise prescriptions, so they can better cultivate patient awareness of self-health management and guide patients to exercise rationally. The diabetes can be effectively intervened through standardized and organized exercise methods, which will reduce the medication and prevent complications of diabetic patients, and alleviate the medical burden both for patients and the society.
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Maintaining normal physical activity level is one of the goals of asthma treatment in children with asthma.In order to better understand the relationship between asthma and exercise, it is necessary to summarize the related studies on exercise in children with asthma.This paper overviews the related researches on the benefits of exercise to patients with asthma, the current situation of exercise in children with asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and the formulation of exercise prescription in children with asthma, so that clinicians can have a deeper understanding of exercise-related content in children with asthma, in order to better guide children with asthma in exercise.
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Currently, individualized exercise prescription plays a vital role in the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with chronic cardiovascular diseases. Many cardiopulmonary exercise tests proved that individualized exercise prescription can lower blood pressure and glucose of patients with cardiovascular diseases, improve cardiopulmonary function, and improve exercise endurance and quality of life. At the same time, this paper also summarized that the individualized exercise prescription should be formulated in compliance with the principle (individuality, effectiveness, safety, professionalization, comprehensiveness and permanence), exercise intensity evaluation method (from previous heart rate, fatigue grading methods into cardiopulmonary exercise test) and the contents of the individualized exercise prescription (with a focus on the exercise intensity formulation).
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Objective To analyze the current status of physical activities for children with intellectual disabilities based on ICF, to discuss the effects of physical activities on the health, and the approaches and its precautions.Methods The theory and method of ICF had been adopted. Literature review and theoretical research methods were implemented.Results In the way of participating physical activity, children with intellectual disabilities would improve not only their physical fitness, but also their mood and quality of life, and reduce their health risks.Conclusion Children with intellectual disabilities faced barriers in physical activities. It recommended to develop policies and provide support and guidance services to promote their participation of physical activities. It is necessary to develop policies to encourage children with intellectual disabilities to participate in community-based physical activities and provide adaptive facility and equipment, guidance and supportive services.
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Objective To explore whether individualized exercise prescription can improve the walking ability of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion (ASO). Methods A total of 64 ASO patients with ankle brachial index (ABI) between 0.6 and 0.9 were randomly divided into the observation group (32 cases) and the control group (32 cases), Patients in the control group received routine nursing intervention, and patients in the observation group received nursing intervention based on individualized exercise prescription, ABI and walking impaired questionnaire (WIQ) scales were measured at admission and 12 weeks after intervention. Results There was no statistically significant difference in ABI values before and after the intervention of the control group (P>0.05), and ABI values before and after the intervention of the observation group were 0.72+0.15 and 0.77+0.13 respectively (t=2.254 , P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in walking distance and walking speed before intervention (P>0.05) in the two groups; the walking distance and walking speed after intervention in the observation group were (498.38 ± 77.11) m and (50.44 ± 11.27); the control group was (461.72 ± 64.64) m and (44.02 ± 9.86), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.06, 2.43, P < 0.05). Conclusions Individualized exercise prescription can improve the degree of ischemia of the affected limb, improve the walking distance and walking speed of the patients, and it is convenient to implement and worthy of clinical promotion.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), which is a risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The morbidity of NAFLD is increasing gradually.Therefore,it becomes more and more important to prevent and treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exercise therapy, as a therapeutic method, has been proven to improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by a large number of studies. This article reviews the effect of exercise therapy on non-alcoholic fatty liver, the formulation principle of exercise prescription and the therapeutic effect of exercise therapy on non-alcoholic fatty liver related risk factors,which may provide reference for exercise intervention in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Objective@#To explore whether individualized exercise prescription can improve the walking ability of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion (ASO).@*Methods@#A total of 64 ASO patients with ankle brachial index (ABI) between 0.6 and 0.9 were randomly divided into the observation group (32 cases) and the control group (32 cases), Patients in the control group received routine nursing intervention, and patients in the observation group received nursing intervention based on individualized exercise prescription, ABI and walking impaired questionnaire (WIQ) scales were measured at admission and 12 weeks after intervention.@*Results@#There was no statistically significant difference in ABI values before and after the intervention of the control group (P > 0.05), and ABI values before and after the intervention of the observation group were 0.72 + 0.15 and 0.77 + 0.13 respectively (t=2.254, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in walking distance and walking speed before intervention (P > 0.05) in the two groups; the walking distance and walking speed after intervention in the observation group were (498.38±77.11) m and (50.44±11.27); the control group was (461.72±64.64) m and (44.02±9.86), and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.06, 2.43, P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Individualized exercise prescription can improve the degree of ischemia of the affected limb, improve the walking distance and walking speed of the patients, and it is convenient to implement and worthy of clinical promotion.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T1DM) is mostly an autoimmune disease. The combined effects of genetic and environmental factors lead to progressive islet beta cell functional failure and lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin therapy. Numerous studies have shown that regular physical exercise may reduce the daily insulin dose in patients with T1DM and patients need to be clear how to safely increase their physical activity, and incorporate more independent physical activity into daily life. At the same time, they should master the contraindications in order to avoid the risks of movement. Currently a recommendation for all T1DM patients is engaging in at least 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise, sustainability or high-intensity interval training, combined with resistance training such as resistance machines and bands, as well as other stretching and balance exercises such as yoga, tai chi, for 3 to 7 times per week, which is depended on the physical condition of patients and the exercise intensity, besides resistance training can be performed on nonconsecutive days.
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Supervised exercise training (SET) has been the first-line treatment for peripheral arterial disease (PAD),and its curative effect has been widely recognized by scholars both at home and abroad.Beingthe carrier of SET therapy,exercise prescription has an inestimable effect.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the clinical application of exercise prescription in treating PAD patients and to introduce its latest progress in research.
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Aging is associated with declines of the muscular strength and cardiorespiratory functions, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities. Frailty is a clinical geriatric syndrome characterized by decreases in the biological functional reserve and resis-tance to stressors, which puts older individuals at special risk of disability. To counteract the muscular strength and cardiorespiratory func-tions declines associated with aging, as well as to prevent and treat the frailty syndrome, the strength and endurance training seems to be an effective strategy to improve muscular strength and endurance performance. This article reviewed the exercise prescription in health and frail elderly subjects according to the current situation of the researches about muscular strength and cardiorespiratory function training. Based on the results found, for the healthy older adults, strength training should be performed at moderate-to high-intensity (60%-80%of 1 RM ), and moderate volume (2-3 sets per exercise, 2-3 times/week ). Also, endurance training should be performed at moderate-to high-in-tensity (60%-85% of VO2max), and moderat volume (25-40 min). The frail older adults should exercise 2-3 times a week, for 45-60 min. Strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance training components should be incorporated, and strength and balance training should be empha-sized.
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Resumo Verificar as respostas de 24 horas da pressão arterial (PA) em jovens adultos após diferentes ordens de execução do exercício aeróbio (EA) e resistido (ER). Participarão do estudo dez homens saudáveis (22,6 ± 70,3; 3.7 anos ± 5,8 kg; 175,9 ± 5,8 centímetros). O estudo consistiu em quatro sessões experimentais realizadas de forma aleatórias: EA + ER (AR); ER + EA (RA); Circuito Concorrente (CC) e controle (CO). Todas as sessões tiveram a mesma duração e intensidade, EA: 15 min a 90% do limar de lactato mínimo indireto; ER: 15min a 90% de 12 RM com 12 repetições (seis exercícios). A PA foi medida antes, durante e 1 h (Microlife® BP3A1C) após a realização de exercícios em laboratório e 23 h durante as atividades diárias, utilizando a medição da pressão arterial ambulatorial (Dyna-MAPA®). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) no período de 24 horas e de vigília, e a diastólica (PAD), no período de 24 horas, o sono e de vigília, e a média da PA no período de vigília foram menores na sessão RA em comparação com a sessão CO apresentando um tamanho do efeito de moderado a alto (d de Cohen = -0,46 / -0,78). A área sob a curva da PAD na sessão AR foi menor do que na sessão CO no período de vigília (1004 ± 82 vs. 1065 ± 107; p < 0,047) e 24 h (1456 ± 103 vs 1528 ± 132 < 0,026) períodos. A sessão RA apresentou maiores pontos de redução da PA durante 24 horas em relação ao outros protocolos.(AU)
Abstract To verify 24-hour blood pressure (BP) responses in young adults after different orders of aerobic (AE) and resistance exercises (RE). Anaerobic threshold (AT) and strength (12 RM) were evaluated in ten healthy men (22.6 ± 3.7yrs; 70.3 ± 5.8 kg; 175.9 ± 5.8 cm). Four experimental sessions: Aerobic + Resistance (AR); Resistance + Aerobic (RA); Concurrent circuit (CC) and control day (CO) were randomly performed. All sessions had the same duration and intensity, AE: 15 min at 90% of AT; ER: 15 min at 90% of 12 RM with 12 reps (6 exercises). BP was measured before, during and 1 h (Microlife® BP3A1C) after performing exercises in the laboratory and 23 h during daily activities using ambulatory blood pressure measurement (Dyna-MAPA®). Systolic BP (SBP) in 24 h and awake periods, and Diastolic BP (DBP) in 24 h, sleep and awake periods, and Mean BP in awake period were lower in RA session compared with CO session with moderate to high effect size (d de Cohen = -0.46/-0.78). The DBP area under the curve in RA was lower than CO in awake (1004 ± 82 vs. 1065 ± 107; p < 0.047) and 24 h (1456 ± 103 vs. 1528 ± 132; p < 0.026) periods. The SBP delta were lower in RA at 0-1 h (-12.0 mmHg), 2-3h (-16.5 mmHg), 6-7 h (-19.4 mmHg) and 10-11 h (-13.0 mmHg) compared with CO; lower in AR at 4-5h (-19.2 mmHg) and 6-7 h (-20.2 mmHg) compared with CO; and lower in CC at 2-3h (-15.6 mmHg) and 6-7 h (-17.5 mmHg) compared with CO. The DBP was lower at 4-5 h (-14.0 mmHg) in RA compared with CO. After performing RA exercises, there were greater decreases in BP during 24 h in young adults.(AU)