ABSTRACT
The cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLDs) on Rajmash and Greengram were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kupwara, J&K at farmers’ fields during the year 2021. Through farmer meetings and group discussions, the crucial inputs in the production technology were identified. The results for Rajmash and Greengram showed that overall yield trends of demonstrations varied from 7.00 q/ha to 11 q/ha and 6.00 q/ha to 9.00 q/ha, respectively, with yield increase of 57.14% and 50% over the yield of local practices. Due to significant heterogeneity in the extent of adoption of recommended technology based on the level of risk associated in terms of cost,convenience, skill, and information regarding the concerned practise, the yield levels were much lower under local practices. Rajmash and greengram's average extension gap, technology gap, and technology index, respectively, were found to be 4.00, 1.00 q/ha and 8.33 percent and 3.00, 1 q/ha and 10.00 percent. The demonstration's average gross and net returns for the rajmash and greengram crops, respectively, were 44.44 and 145.33 percent, 70.00 and 289.55 percent greater than the farmer’s practices. In rajmash and greengram, the average benefit-cost ratio was higher with 44 and 145 percent respectively. Variations in agro-climatic factors, soil fertility, biotic stresses, economic status, and management practices were found to cause variations in the technology gap and index percentage. By encouraging farmers to use sustainable technical practices for increasing the yield and productivity of pulse crops, this variation can be reduced. With the application of pesticide, the performance of enhanced technology was shown to be most successful in controlling the smallest number of afflicted plants/m2 as well as the smallest number of pods/plants. Under demonstrations, production was higher than local practice. In order to increase the area and production of pulses in the Kupwara District of Jammu and Kashmir, pulse production and protection technology has a wide range of potential applications.
ABSTRACT
Enhancing the production potential and socio- economic level of farmers, altogether 325 front line demonstrations on field pea were laid out comprising 325 farmers covering the total area 160 ha with demonstration plots ranging from 0.20 to 1.0 ha during the year 2015- 16 to 2022- 23 in 14 different villages of Khowai district of Tripura to disseminate the production technology of improved varieties viz., Malviya Matar- 15 (HUDP- 15), Prakash (IPFD 1-10), Aman (IPF 5-19). Field diagnostic visits, regular inspection, farmer’s trainings, group discussion, field days ensured application of balanced and optimum doses of nutrient, and timely plant protection measures. The productivity ranged from 11.50 to 13.50 q/ ha with average yield under demonstration recorded 12.21 q/ ha under improved technology on farmers field as against a yield ranged from 6.75 to 8.50 q/ ha with a mean of 7.52 q/ ha recorded under farmers practice. However, in the demonstration plot the yield enhancement due to technological intervention was 62.15% over the farmer’s practice. An average net returns of Rs 24,441/- at demonstrations plot, while the average net returns from farmers practice is Rs 7218. The additional cost of Rs 5440 gave additional net return of Rs. 17,223/ ha. The increased cost benefit ratio was also estimated; it ranged from 1.56 to 1.97 in recommended practices and 1.11 to 1.36 in farmers practice. An extension gap of 4.69 q/ ha was found between demonstrated technology and farmers practice, technology gap being observed 12.41 q/ ha, whereas technology index 49.87%. Therefore, cluster front line demonstration of field pea was effective for increasing the productivity of field pea and changing the knowledge, attitude and skill of the farmers. This created greater awareness and motivated the other farmers to adopt improved practices of field pea.
ABSTRACT
Front-line demonstrations were conducted at farmer’s fields of tribal villages of Jabalpur (7 No.) and Mandla (6 No.) districts during Kharif 2012 and 2013, respectively. Results revealed that the application of 5 kg Zinc +Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (Zn+ RDF ha-1) significantly increased the grain yield (4.53 and 4.70 t ha-1) zinc content in grain (13.18 and 12.97 mgkg-1) and total Zn uptake (190.31 and 184.79 g ha-1) and post-harvest available Zn (0.73 and 0.71 mg kg-1) over farmer’s practices or RDF during both the years. While, the S content in grain and straw of rice, their total S uptake and post- harvest available S increased significantly with the application of 40 kg S ha-1 +RDF and 5 kg Zn+40 kg S ha-1+RDF over farmers practice/ RDF/5 kg Zn ha-1+ RDF during both the years.With the application of 5 kg Zn +40 kg S +RDF ha-1, the extension gap was maximum (0.93 and 1.12 t ha-1) while, the least technology gap (0.47 and 0.30) and technology index (9.4 and 6.0%) were recorded. The performance of improved technology (5 kg Zn + RDF) emphasized the need to organize Kisan School in the deficient areas for the acceptance of improved technologies to bridge the wide extension gap.
ABSTRACT
The farmers of Visakhapatnam district were in a great need of best performing and high yielding tomato variety as the existing varieties are less yielders and highly succumb to pests and diseases. An On-Farm Trial (OFT) for three consecutive years (2020-21, 2021-22) was conducted by ICAR- ANGRAU, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kondempudi directly in the farmers’ fields of five selected villages viz. Bangurumeta, Adduru, Thotakurapalem, Pottidorapalem, Jaithavaram and Chedikada in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh to evaluate the performance of two very promising tomato hybrids viz. Arka Abhed and Arka Samrat with regard to yield and economic analysis vis a vis the farmers’ practice variety Laxmi. A total of twenty-five farmers actively participated in the OFT covering an area of 7.5 acres. As regards fruit yield, the tomato hybrid Arka Abhed proved to be the best followed by Arka Samrat and Laxmi hybrid for all the three years of the study with fruit yields of 587.32, 569.13 and 409.14 q/ha, respectively. During the years of the trial, the fruit yields of Arka Abhed and Arka Samrat improved from 27.44 to 30.33% and 24.57 to 28.11%, respectively. Average cost-benefit ratios for three years for Arka Abhed, Arka Samrat and Laxmi hybrid were 1:2.30, 1:2.16 and 1:1.58, respectively. The Extension gap was between 111.18 to 183.86 and 129.08 to 202.83 q/ha for Arka Samrat and Arka Abhed, respectively. Results on Technology Index viz. 15.25, 19.47 and 28.83% for Laxmi (farmers’ practice), Arka Abhed and Arka Samrat, respectively, revealed that for both the tomato hybrids, there is viability of the demonstrated technology in the area of the OFT viz. Visakhapatnam district and the surrounding areas of north coastal Andhra Pradesh.
ABSTRACT
Front-Line Demonstration (FLD) is a long-term educational activity carried out systematically by agricultural experts in the field of farmers to demonstrate the value of new practices/technologies in the micro-agriculture situation. The aim of the FLD was to demonstrate improved pulses technologies for production potential. Improved technologies include the use of improved varieties, seed treatment with Rhizobium and PSB culture, sowing methods, balanced fertilizer application and improved pest control techniques. The results of pulses harvested crop in 2021-2022 showed that improved varieties with improved practice packages recorded a higher yield compared to farmers’ practices. The improved technologies saw yield increases of 26.33 %, 24.63 %, 23.41 % and 22.83 % yield increase over farmer practices in green gram, chick pea, pigeon pea and black gram respectively. The average percentage yield increased by 24.30 % over farmers’ practices. The mean technological yield gap was highest for chickpea (3.47 q/ha), followed by pigeon pea (1.36 q/ha), green gram (1.34 q/ha) and black gram (1.26 q/ha). The maximum mean extension yield gap in the study was recorded in pigeon pea at 11.83 q/ha followed by black gram (5.22 q/ha) and green gram (3.57 q/ha), while the lowest extension yield gap was observed in chickpea (2.44 q/ha). The technology index varied between 7.16 and 17.35% while the lowest (7.16) was recorded for pigeon pea. The highest gross return (Rs. 81,654/ha), net return (Rs. 56,370/ha) and benefit-to-cost ratio (3.23) was recorded with chickpea demonstration followed by Black gram and green gram while lowest gross return (Rs. 44,848/ha), net return (Rs.24,634 /ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.22), which was markedly higher than gross return (Rs. 36,342/ha), net return (Rs.16,430/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.83) in farmers practice. The improved technologies yielded a higher gross return and, net return with a higher benefit-to-cost ratio than farmers’ practices.
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PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the effects of a preoperative posterior tibial slope of more than 10degrees on the extension gap and patellar height during posterior substituted total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ten posterior substituted total knee arthroplasties were divided into group I (more than 10degrees of preoperative posterior tibial slope, n=56) and group II (less than 10degrees of slope, n=54). Each group was evaluated to compare the frequency of additional distal femoral resections due to an insufficient extension gap and the correlation with the decrease of the patellar bone height. RESULTS: In each group, the preoperative tibial slope was 12.77degrees (+/-3.22degrees) vs. 6.72degrees (+/-2.58degrees), respectively (p=0.000) and the decrease of the posterior slope was 10.74degrees (+/-3.54degrees) vs. 4.78degrees (+/-2.66degrees), respectively, (p=0.000). The frequencies of additional distal femoral resection were 54.5% vs. 46.1%, respectively, (p=0.448) with flexion contracture and 11.8% vs. 34.1%, respectively, (p=0.022) without flexion contracture. The decrease of the patellar bone height was 0.35 (+/-4.79) mm vs. 1.99 (+/-4.78) mm, respectively, (p=0.075). There was weak correlation between the decrease of the patellar bone height and the decrease of the posterior tibial slope (r=-0.253, p=0.016). CONCLUSION: In the group having more than 10degrees of preoperative posterior tibial slope without flexion contracture, the decrease of the posterior tibial slope had to be considered as one of the factors that affected making the extension gap significantly greater during the gap technique and to preserve the patellar bone height.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty , Contracture , KneeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of decreasing tibial slope on extension gap during posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and ten cases of total knee arthroplasty which were done with posterior stabilized implant were included and we divided those into Group I; having flexion contracture (n=35) and Group II; no flexion contracture (n=75), and from each group, we evaluated the relationship between degree of decreased angle of tibial slope and frequency of additional resection of distal femur which was done for compensating insufficient extension gap during total knee arthroplasty and compared frequencies of additional distal femoral resections between 2 parts having more and less degree of decreased angle of tibial slope. RESULTS: In Group I and II, tibial slope decrease were 8.7degrees, 7.4degrees (p=0.145) and frequencies of additional resection were 51.4%, 24% (p=0.005) in average. Comparing 2 parts having more and less degree of decreased angle of tibial slope in each Group, frequencies of additional resection were 44.4%, 58.8% (p=0.505) and 13.2%, 35.1% (p=0.032). CONCLUSION: During posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty, especially having no preoperative flexion contracture, decreasing tibial slope can be considered as a factor influencing on extension gap by removing greater anterior bone and the estimation of predictable tibial slope decrease through preoperative radiologic findings can be helpful in creating equal flexion and extension gaps.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty , Contracture , Femur , KneeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between eversion or reduction of patella and the heights of the extension or flexion gaps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements of the heights of the extension and flexion gaps were obtained during 32 primary posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasties in 25 osteoarthritic patients. A tensor device was introduced after femoral and tibial bony resections while putting the knees flat on the operating table to measure the extension gaps in the medial and lateral compartments, respectively. The knee was flexed 95 degrees, and the tensor was introduced to measure the flexion gaps in the same manner. A calibrated torque wrench permitted the application of the force of about 113.4N.cm both in extension and in flexion in right knee, and of about 152.4N.cm both in extension and in flexion in left knee. RESULTS: The average height of the extension gap with everted patella was 20.9+/-2.6mm medially and 23.6+/-2.5 mm laterally, respectively. The average height of the extension gap with reduced patella was 21.0+/-2.6mm medially and 23.7+/-2.4mm laterally, respectively. The average height of the flexion gap with everted patella was 20.7+/-2.5mm medially and 23.2+/-2.8mm laterally, respectively. The average height of the flexion gap with reduced patella was 22.1+/-2.3mm medially and 24.2+/-2.8mm laterally, respectively. After reducing the patella, the flexion gap height increased an average 1.4+/-1.1(range: 0~4)mm and 1.0+/-1.2(range: -1~3)mm in the medial and lateral compartments, respectively. CONCLUSION: The height of flexion gap would be increased by reducing the patella from everted position in posterior- stabilized total knee arthroplasty for the patient with good preoperative flexion. The flexion gap must be observed not with everted patella but with reduced patella to determine whether it appears symmetric and balanced.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty , Knee , Operating Tables , Patella , TorqueABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between flexion-extension gap discrepancy and clinical results in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the clinical results of 38 knees, which were performed TKA between March 2003 and June 2003, and followed up for at least 2 years. We divided all cases by the difference of medial and lateral joint gap in flexion and extension. Group A was no flexion-extension gap difference(17 cases) and group B was different gap(21 cases). We evaluated Knee Score, Function Score, range of motion and radiologic results RESULTS: The difference of group B was less than 2mm. In Knee Score and function score, Group A improved from preoperative 50.1 and 45.0 to the last follow up to 95.6 and 95.9, and those of Group B improved from 48.2 and 45.2 to 96.9 and 91.4. There was no statistical difference between two groups(p>0.05). Flexion angle of Group A increased from preoperative 108.2 degree to the last follow up 115.3 degree. That of Group B increased from preoperative 101.9 degree to the last follow up 113.6degree. But, there was no statistical difference between two groups(p>0.05). 2 cases of recurrent hemarthrosis were in Group B. CONCLUSION: We got good clinical results by flexion-extension gap difference within 2 mm. But long term followed up was needed.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty , Follow-Up Studies , Hemarthrosis , Joints , Knee , Range of Motion, ArticularABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a posterior cruciate ligament resection on the tibiofemoral joint gap in total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of a PCL resection on the tibiofemoral joint gap was analyzed prospectively in 58 patients (69 knees) who had undergone TKA between May 2003 and April 2006. The knee was exposed using a modified subvastus approach. The medial soft tissue was released and a tibial cutting was made first. The tibial insertion of a PCL was protected during the tibial resection by inserting a thin osteotome in front of the posterior spine. An extension and flexion gap were measured using a balancer/tensor device (Stryker Howmedica Osteonics(R), Allendale, NJ, USA) under manual maximal stress before and after the PCL resection. The change of the joint line and the posterior inclination on preoperative and postoperative lateral roentgenograms was also assessed. RESULTS: After the PCL resection, the flexion gap and extension gap increased by an average of 3.6+/-1.5 mm and 2.0+/-1.0 mm, respectively. Although the PCL resection resulted in an increasing a flexion gap and extension gap, the increase in the flexion gap was larger than that of the extension gap by 1.6 mm. CONCLUSION: A PCL resection resulted in an increase in the flexion and extension gaps by 3.6 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. Therefore, a PCL resection would be a good alternative method for controlling the flexion-extension gap in TKA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty , Joints , Knee , Posterior Cruciate Ligament , Prospective Studies , SpineABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) resection on the flexion and extension gap during TKA (total knee joint arthroplasty). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From December 2002 to August 2003, we quantitatively measured and ana-lyzed prospectively the flexion and extension gap before and after PCL resection during TKA in 26 cases among 23 patients of osteoarthritis. A tensioning device was used to measure the gap and a torque wrench attached to the device was used to apply constant force. RESULTS: Before resection, the average flexion gap was 24.9 mm and the average extension gap was 25.3 mm. After resection, the average flexion gap was 29.8 mm and average extension gap was 27.6 mm. The extension gap was increased 2.2 mm and the flexion gap was increased 4.9 mm which implies that using a thicker polyethylene insert would be favorable after PCL resection. CONCLUSION: After PCL resection, both flexion and extension gaps were increased but the flexion gap was increased more than the extension gap.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthroplasty , Knee Joint , Knee , Osteoarthritis , Polyethylene , Posterior Cruciate Ligament , Prospective Studies , TorqueABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We designed a new osteotomy technique in order to get a consistent extension gap along with a tibial polyethelene insert in TKRA. The results were compared to the independent osteotomy technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty two patients were divided into an independent osteotomy group and a linked osteotomy group according to the technique adopted. In the linked osteotomy group, the extension gap was made by using a linker which was designed to provide a consistent gap between the distal femur and the proximal tibia during knee extension. The widths of the extension gap and the polyethylene thickness was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The extension gap of the independent osteotomy group was 18.1 +/- 4.2 mm (2SD) and that of the linked femorotibial osteotomy group was 20.3 +/- 1.3 mm (2SD). The polyethylene thickness was 8.1 +/- 2.6 mm (2SD) in the independent group and 9.4 +/- 0.9 mm (2SD) in the linked group. CONCLUSION: This linked femorotibial osteotomy technique provided an improved method for obtaining a tibial insert matched extension gap in TKRA. This technique might also increase the longevity of the polyethylene insert.