Design and application of an extension tube for ventilator pipeline / 中华危重病急救医学

At present, the extension tube of the ventilator, a long corrugated tube used in clinical practice, needs to be disconnected from the endotracheal tube when performing open sputum suction. Under positive pressure, the condensed water containing pathogenic microorganisms in the ventilator will be splashed. Some will form aerosol suspended in the air, pollute the air, increase the risk of cross-infection and operator pollution, while the ventilator will emit a corresponding alarm sound, resulting in noise pollution. Based on the above factors, a ventilator pipeline extension tube was designed by the medical staff of department of critical care medicine of the Eighth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital and department of critical care medicine of Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, and was obtained the National Utility Model Patent of China (ZL 2020 2 1476518.X). The device consists of the main pipe, first pipe sleeve, second pipe sleeve, valve body, joystick, axial sleeve, etc., which can not only effectively avoid air pollution and reduce the risk of cross-infection, but also reduce noise pollution and the negative impact of loud noise on patients and medical staff.

Preliminary study on clinical effect of microinjection pump extension tube length regulator in patients with ICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#A practical length regulator of extended tube for microinjection pump was made and its clinical effect was observed. The method and basis were provided for the orderly management of various infusion pipelines in clinic.@*Methods@#The texture, inner diameter and color of the regulator are designed. Sixty patients who needed to use three or more lengthened tubes at the same time and were pumped through the same vein passage were randomly divided into two groups: the regulator group and the non-regulator group. 31 patients in the regulator group and 29 patients in the routine group were observed continuously for 3 days. During the study period, the number of tube shedding and the number of nursing errors were recorded. The average time required for the same dose of drugs to be pumped into the body was 10 ml/h, 25 ml/h and 50 ml/h, respectively. The average time spent by the nursing staff when the drugs were randomly changed or suspended was investigated in 52 cases. Staff satisfaction with its clinical application.@*Results@#The number of errors and tube shedding in the regulator group were 5 and 2 times respectively, and 34 and 9 times respectively in the routine group (P < 0.05). The time required for the regulator group to pump the same dose at the same rate was 295.33, 120.07 and 59.97 seconds, respectively. The time required for the conventional group was 294.63, 119.83 and 59.87 seconds, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The average time needed for drug replacement or suspension was 47.05 seconds in the regulator group and 91.68 seconds in the routine group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of the two groups was 84.98 and 94.5 respectively (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compared with the conventional group, the regulator group can reduce the workload of nurses without increasing the risk of clinical use. The regulator is a safe, reliable and convenient pump pipe management device for pumps.

Preliminary study on clinical effect of microinjection pump extension tube length regulator in patients with ICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective A practical length regulator of extended tube for microinjection pump was made and its clinical effect was observed. The method and basis were provided for the orderly management of various infusion pipelines in clinic. Methods The texture, inner diameter and color of the regulator are designed. Sixty patients who needed to use three or more lengthened tubes at the same time and were pumped through the same vein passage were randomly divided into two groups: the regulator group and the non-regulator group. 31 patients in the regulator group and 29 patients in the routine group were observed continuously for 3 days. During the study period, the number of tube shedding and the number of nursing errors were recorded. The average time required for the same dose of drugs to be pumped into the body was 10 ml/h, 25 ml/h and 50 ml/h, respectively. The average time spent by the nursing staff when the drugs were randomly changed or suspended was investigated in 52 cases. Staff satisfaction with its clinical application. Results The number of errors and tube shedding in the regulator group were 5 and 2 times respectively, and 34 and 9 times respectively in the routine group (P < 0.05). The time required for the regulator group to pump the same dose at the same rate was 295.33, 120.07 and 59.97 seconds, respectively. The time required for the conventional group was 294.63, 119.83 and 59.87 seconds, respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The average time needed for drug replacement or suspension was 47.05 seconds in the regulator group and 91.68 seconds in the routine group (P<0.05). The satisfaction of the two groups was 84.98 and 94.5 respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the conventional group, the regulator group can reduce the workload of nurses without increasing the risk of clinical use. The regulator is a safe, reliable and convenient pump pipe management device for pumps.

Experimental study on selection of auxiliary appliance during application of injection pump / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To execute experimental study injection rate and volumetric error and to explore their correlations with sizes of injectors and extension tube,so as to lay a foundation for the quality control of the injection pump.Methods Simulation experiment was carried out with involving in 10,20 and 50 ml of injectors and 80 and 120 cm extension tubes,and 6 kinds of connection systems were formed with auxiliary appliances.The injection rate and flow reading of the flow meter were obtained and then compared with the set values,and the correlations were proved between sizes of auxiliary appliances and the precision of injection dose and rate.Results In case other conditions kept the same,the injector with larger capacity behaved better in controlling injection rate and dose,and the shorter extension tube gained advantages over the longer one in regulating the precision for injection and injection dose.Conclusion The experiment contributes to the selection of auxiliary appliances and the enhancement of quality control,and the further research provides references for process design and materials selection of the injector.

Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology by a Endocrine Surgeon / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: Fine needle aspiration is a safe and relatively accurate procedure for distinguishing benign and malignant lesions. We determined the diagnostic value of ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration using an extension tube and examination by an endocrine surgeon. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 257 consecutive patients receiving surgery for thyroid nodules in the Department of Surgery, Jesus Hospital, from January, 2006, to August, 2008. All patients received ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with an extension tube. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1:5.5. Definitive histopathological diagnosis revealed benign lesions in 120 cases (47%) and malignant lesions in 137 cases (53%). Benign lesions were composed of nodular goiter (102 cases), follicular adenoma (13 cases), and Hashimoto thyroiditis (5 cases). Malignant lesions were composed of papillary carcinoma (131 cases) and follicular carcinoma (6 cases). Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed benign lesions in 103 cases and malignant lesions in 126 cases. The Overall results of ultrasound-guided FNA were: sensitivity, 94.5%, specificity, 95.0%, positive predictive value, 96.0%, negative predictive value, 93.2%, accuracy rate, 94.7%, false negative, 5.4%, and false positive, 4.9%. Most specimens (96.4%) were amenable for diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration is a good method for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. High resolution ultrasound-guided FNA with an extension tube is helpful for obtaining good specimens.

The Use of Extension Tube in Sono-guide FNAC / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: Sono-guided FNAC (fine needle aspiration cytology) is a safe and accurate diagnostic procedure for thyroid nodules. We examined the use of an extension tube in FNAC as useful. METHODS: We reviewed 175 cases of patients with thyroid nodules where an extension tube was used in sono-guide FNAC and 153 cases where a syringe holder was used in Jeonju Jesus hospital, from July 2005 to September 2006. RESULTS: For cases with an extension tube, tumor size was smaller than 1 cm (38%), from 1 cm to 2 cm (27%), or larger than 2 cm (35%), with cytology results of benign (73%), intermediate (8%), malignant (7%), or nondiagnostic (12%). In cases with a syringe holder, tumor size was smaller than 1 cm (40%), from 1 cm to 2 cm (40%), or larger than 2 cm (20%), with cytology results of benign (51%), intermediate (4%), malignant (3%), or nondiagnostic (42%). The nondiagnostic percentage in cases where an extension tube was used was lower than in cases using a syringe holder. However, the number of tumors larger than 2 cm was significantly larger in the syringe group than the extension tube group. CONCLUSION: The use of an extension tube or a syringe holder in FNAC produce similar results.

A Case of Allergic Contact Dermatitis by Rubber of Fluid Extension Tube / 천식및알레르기

The prevalence of rubber allergies has been on the increase along with the greater use of rubber products in daily life, medical, dental and occupational settings. Rubber allergy can be divided into two types, type I immediate allergy to rubber latex and type IV delayed allergic reaction to rubber chemical additives or rubber latex itself. A 43-year-old male admitted for lung cancer. He had complained of pruritic linear erythematous plaque at the contact site on the right forearm in the rubber portion of fluid extension tube after one day. The prick test and the usage test were negative. Patch test with Korean standard patch test, rubber additive series, 'as is' were performed. The results were positive for chemical additives for rubber; tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide, N-cyclohexyl-4-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, N-cyclohexyl benzothiazyl sulphenamide, morpholinyl mercaptobenzothiazole and 'as is'. We report herein a case of allergic contact dermatitis due to rubber chemical additives contained in the rubber portion of the fluid extension tube.

The Optimal Volume of Heparin Diluted Solutions to be Aspirated before Blood Gas Sampling / 대한마취과학회지

Many studies have undertaken to determine the optimal volume of heparin diluted blood so- lutions to be aspirated from known internal volume of the arterial extension tube before blood sampling, in order to achieve acceptable blood gas values. This study was investigated the optimal volume of heparin diluted blood to be aspirated from various kinds of extension tube which volume is unknown. Blood gases were measured in samples of the radial artery or superior vena cava blood taken from 20 anesthesized patients who were taking elective or emergency surgery with indwelling catheter. Authors used 4 kinds of extension tube. There were 120 cm Cobe extension tube, 140 cm Cobe extension tube, 60 cm extension tube using I.V. set and 120 cm extension tube using I.V. set. Each of tubes was applied to five patients. Five blood gas samples were taken after withdrawing heparin diluted flush solution and blood from each extension tube. The withdrawing blood amounts is serially 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 times of volume of each extension tube. And then another blood sample was taken from the 3-way stop-cock at proximal site of Cobe or LV. extension tube. Because this last sample was not diluted with heparin diluted flush solution, author assumed this blood gas values to be control group. Blood gas values of each samples were compared with control group. The difference between sample 3 and 4 was statistically significant(p4ml), blood gas samples should be taken after withdrawing 2.5 times of the inner volume of extension tube.