ABSTRACT
The lung is one of the most common sites for cancer metastasis. Collagens in the lung provide a permissive microenvironment that supports the colonization and outgrowth of disseminated tumor cells. Therefore, down-regulating the production of collagens may contribute to the inhibition of lung metastasis. It has been suggested that miR-29 exhibits effective anti-fibrotic activity by negatively regulating the expression of collagens. Indeed, our clinical lung tumor data shows that miR-29a-3p expression negatively correlates with collagen I expression in lung tumors and positively correlates with patients' outcomes. However, suitable carriers need to be selected to deliver this therapeutic miRNA to the lungs. In this study, we found that the chemotherapy drug cisplatin facilitated miR-29a-3p accumulation in the exosomes of lung tumor cells, and this type of exosomes exhibited a specific lung-targeting effect and promising collagen down-regulation. To scale up the preparation and simplify the delivery system, we designed a lung-targeting liposomal nanovesicle (by adjusting the molar ratio of DOTAP/cholesterol-miRNAs to 4:1) to carry miR-29a-3p and mimic the exosomes. This liposomal nanovesicle delivery system significantly down-regulated collagen I secretion by lung fibroblasts in vivo, thus alleviating the establishment of a pro-metastatic environment for circulating lung tumor cells.
ABSTRACT
Seed cells, biomaterials and growth factors are three important aspects in tissue engineering. Biomaterials mimic extra cellular matrix in vivo, providing a sound environment for cells to grow and attach, so as to maintain cell viability and function. The physicochemical properties and modification molecules of material surface mediate cell behaviors like cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and differentiation, which in turn affect cellular function and tissue regeneration efficacy. Furthermore, the modification molecules of material surface are the direct contact point for cell adhesion and growth. Therefore, the interactions between cells and surface modification molecules are the key to tissue engineering. This review summarizes the effects of surface modification molecules on cell phenotypes and functions.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials , Cell Adhesion , Cell Differentiation , Extracellular Matrix , Tissue EngineeringABSTRACT
Extracellular matrix plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. It is similar to the three-dimensional structure of native tissue, which has been widely used in tissue engineering as a scaffold. Decellularized adipose tissue matrix is derived from adipose tissue, which is abundant and easily obtainable.It alsohas the function of promoting adipogenesis and angiogenesis. It provides a good microenvironment for adipose derived stem cells, and has great potential for the repair and reconstruction of soft tissue defects.In this paper, the preparation methods, the effects of the different forms and applications of decellularized adipose extracellular matrix scaffolds are reviewed.
ABSTRACT
A translação da regeneração pulpar com células tronco para a clinica requerirá o uso de scaffolds injetáveis. O objetivo foi estudar o comportamento de células tronco obtidas de dentes decíduos exfoliados (SHED) injetados em canais radiculares de pré-molares humanos com ápice aberto com scaffold de colágeno recombinante humano tipo I (rhC-I) e a base de nanofibras auto-organizáveis (SA). Para determinar a viabilidade e potencial de diferenciação de SHED in vitro, raízes nao instrumentadas foram posicionadas com o ápice em meio de cultura. SHED ressuspendida em rhC e SA foram injetadas nos canais (n=24, 5X105 células/mL). Os controles foram SHED e scaffolds sozinhos. Marcadores para diferenciação odontoblastica (DSPP, DMP-1 e MEPE) foram avaliados semanalmente por RT-PCR por 28 dias. Para avaliar a diferenciação odontoblástica e formação de tecido in vivo, SHED transuzida com GFP foram injetadas em canais radiculares (n=8, 106 célulass/mL) utilizando os mesmos grupos e implantadas subcutaneamente em camundongos imunodeprimidos. O controle (C+) foi um pré-molar humano extraído. Analise estatística foi feita com ANOVA (=0.05). Os marcadores de diferenciação odontoblástica aumentaram para SA e rhC-I mas nao nos controles. Crescimento de tecido pulpar-símile ( do que 60% do comprimento da raiz) foi observado em 75% dos implantes para SA e rhC-I e 0% nos controles. Analise de imunohistoquimica para GFP confirmou a origem tecidual a partir de SHED. PCNA e ensaio de TUNEL mostraram alta ativiade proliferativa e poucas células apoptóticas. Injeções de tetraciclina evidenciaram neoformação de dentina. A densidade microvascular e nomero de odontoblastos delineando a dentinta foi similar em rhC-I, SA e C+. A associação de SHED com scaffolds injetáveis foi capaz de originar um tecido pulpar capaz de produzir dentina e constitui um passo a mais frente ao objetivo de regeneração pulpar em pacientes humanos.
The translation of dental pulp regeneration with stem cells to the clinic will require the use of injectable scaffolds. The aim was to study the behavior of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) injected in the root canal of opened-apex human premolars with either recombinant human collagen I (rhC-I) or self assembling nanofiber (SA) scaffolds. To assess in vitro SHED viability and differentiative potential, non-instrumented roots were set with the apex in culture media. SHED were mixed in rhC-I or SA and injected into canals (n=24, 5X105 cells/mL). Controls were SHED or scaffolds alone. Odontoblastic differentiation markers (DSPP, DMP-1 and MEPE) were assessed weekly by RT-PCR for 28 days. To evaluate odontoblast differentiation and tissue formation in vivo, SHED transduced with GFP were injected in canals (n=8, 106 cells/mL) using same groups and implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Positive control (C+) was extracted premolar. Statistic was done with ANOVA (=0.05). Odontoblastic differentiation markers increased in SA and rhC-I but not in controls. Pulp-like tissue growth ( than 60% of root length) was observed in 75% of implants for SA and rhC-I and 0% in controls. GFP staining confirmed SHEDs tissue origin. PCNA staining and TUNEL assay showed high proliferative activity and few apoptotic cells. Tetracycline injections showed newly formed dentin. Microvessel density and odontoblastic-like cell number lining dentin were similar in rhC-I, SA and C+. Injectable scaffolds and SHED allowed for the engineering of a pulp-like tissue and constitute one step forward towards the goal of dental p ulp regeneration in human patients.
Subject(s)
Tissue Engineering , Stem Cells , Tooth, Deciduous , Dental MaterialsABSTRACT
Objective To examine the expression and clinical significance of E26 transformation specific-1 in premature rupture of fetal membranes. Methods Fetal membranes from 75 women in the following categories were analyzed for Ets-1 expression: preterm and term premature rupture of fetal membranes; 70 women (control group) with term cesarean sections and without complications. Ets-1 protein was localized with the use of immunohistochemical S-P method. Results Ets-1 protein was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of trophoblast of human fetal membranes, with more obvious expression in the nucleus. Ets-1 protein's expression was up-regulated in the trophoblast of fetal membranes with premature rupture, which differed significantly from the control group (P<0.05). Ets-1 protein's expression was up-regulated in the trophoblast of fetal membranes with preterm premature rupture, which did not differ significantly from the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion Ets-1 is expressed in human fetal membranes and its expression is up-regulated with premature rupture of fetal membranes, suggesting a role for Ets-1 in extracellular matrix remodeling of the membranes. This study provides an evidence to predict premature rupture of fetal membrances.