Comparison of the Names and Origins of Crude Drugs Used in Ethical Kampo Extract Formulation and Listed in the Western Pharmacopoeias with Those in the Pharmacopoeias of East Asian Countries / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Following the Chinese-led global standardization of Chinese medicine, the 9 th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia, published in 2016, listed 66 kinds of crude drugs that are used in traditional Chinese medicine. By the spread of dietary supplements in the United States, the number of herbal medicines listed in United States Pharmacopoeia is tended to be increasing. In this article, we compare the names and origins of crude drugs listed in the European and American Pharmacopoeias and used in ethical Kampo extract formulation with those described in the pharmacopoeias of Japan, China, Taiwan, and South Korea. There were 4 crude drugs that had the same origins and names in the pharmacopoeia of these 6 countries, but only Coix Seed had the same English name. The pharmacopoeia of the 5 countries except the United States had 19 crude drugs with the same origin, but only Platycodon Root and Eucommia Bark had the same English and Latin names. For other crude drugs, the names and origins in the pharmacopoeia of each country were different. When scientists in each country disseminate the information about crude drugs used in their own countries to the world, it is necessary for them to describe the original plant scientific names and their medicinal parts that are unified by International Code of Nomenclature for plants instead of English or Latin names of crude drugs.

The Development for the Classification of Formula Based on the Main Crude Drug and Its Background ; Consideration for the Relationship Between the Classification of Formula Based on the Main Crude Drug in Japan and Formulae on Shang Han Za Bing Lun / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The Koho school has a high regard for formulation corresponding to sho uniquely developed as a conspicuous feature of Kampo medicine, and Ruihobunrui (the classification of formulae based on the main crude drug : CF) has played an important role in structuring the foundation of this development in the Koho school. CF is a classification method used to express the adaptation and characteristics of formulae in the Koho school, and is useful for research on drug compositions. Therefore, CF can be used effectively in both clinical practice and education. CF has shown little development in China after the appearance of Xu Ling Tai ; however, in Japan the development of CF centered on such influential figures as Todo Yoshimasu of the Koho school, and Naohiro Kitamura of the Kosho school. Kenzo Okuda and Keisetsu Otsuka used CF for clinical practice and education during the revival stage of Kampo medicine in the Showa era ; moreover, CF had a large effect on structuring the foundation of clinical application by formulating Kampo extracts for prescriptions. Thus, CF has played an important role in Kampo medicine. However, the research has been stopped in the present circumstances of Japan. We focus here on CF of the Koho school in Edo and Showa eras, and carried out considerations of CF to establish one of the characteristics of Kampo medicine that places importance on Shang Han Za Bing Lun.