ABSTRACT
The concept of "Microbe-gut-eye axis" holds that metabolites of the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients are significantly different from those in non-DR patients. Metabolites of the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acid, bile acids and branched-chain amino acid aggravate or attenuate the progression of DR by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, immune response, and autophagy of retinal cells. Therefore, gut microbiota and their metabolites play a role in the occurrence and development of DR through multiple pathways. The participation of gut microbiota may open up a new way to prevent and treat DR in the future.
ABSTRACT
Occult myopia refers to a special type of myopia, which is caused by the axial length beyond the normal range of children's normal age, and the corneal curvature is lower than the normal range of children with the normal age range of the vision. Because the vision of occult myopia children is within the normal range, it is easy to be ignored in myopia screening. Without timely myopia prevention and control, occult myopia is very easy to develop into dominant myopia, not only the visual development is seriously affected, but visual function will also produce irreversible changes. It is found that the axial length, corneal curvature, retina and chorioid of occult myopia are different from those of ordinary myopia. The change of these indicators can be used to assist the diagnosis and observe their development process. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress at home and abroad on ocular axis length, corneal curvature, macular retinal thickness, macular choroidal thickness and other related factors in children with occult myopia, in order to provide references for related clinical research.
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the study of symbiotic microbial community on human health and disease has gradually become a hot spot.In particular, the Human Microbiome Project and the emergence of 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology have further promoted the study of human-related microbiota.The gut microbiota is the largest microecosystem of the human body.Normal gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining host immune balance, promoting nutrient metabolism and sustaining intestinal homeostasis.At present, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiota disorders are associated with a variety of diseases, not only having an impact on the intestinal tract but also affecting many extraintestinal tissues and organs.With the emergence of the concept of gut-brain axis, which interacts between gut microbiota and brain, some researchers suggest that there may also be gut-eye axis between gut microbiota and eye.This review summarized the recent research advances on the role of gut microbiota in ophthalmic diseases, including corneal diseases, uveitis, retinopathies, and the ophthalmic diseases associated with systemic diseases, in the hope that it could provide evidence for the existence of gut-eye axis and new idea for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases in the future.
ABSTRACT
Cataract with high myopia is a kind of complicated cataract with highly blinding disease. Surgery has always been the only treatment, but there is always a difference between actual postoperative refraction and target refraction. The cataract patients with high myopia have increasing demands for postoperative refractive status and visual quality now. The intraocular lens(IOL)calculation formulas have been updating for higher predictive accuracy. A variety of alternative IOL calculation formulas can be applied to clinical practice. However, there is no consensus on the selection of a more suitable formula for cataract patients with high myopia. Based on the principles and clinical application of different formulas, this paper reviews the development of IOL calculation formulas and research progress of IOL calculation formulas for cataract patients with high myopia, in order to provide reference for clinical application.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To observe the effect of orthokeratology on the positive relative accommodation of juvenile with myopia. <p>METHODS: Retrospective analysis of cases. All 122 cases(244 eyes)of juvenile with myopic from September 2016 to December 2017 in our hospital were analyzed. 63 cases were corrected by orthokeratology lens and 59 cases were corrected by glasses. data of the binocular positive relative accommodation before treatment and 6mo after treatment were compared between the two groups. <p>RESULTS:Before treatment, the average PRA value of the orthokeratology group(-0.83±0.23)D and the average PRA value of the glasses group(-0.77±0.24)D were no significant difference(<i>t</i>= -1.457, <i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment in eye axis(orthokeratology group 24.84±0.90mm, glasses group 24.78±0.86mm, <i>t</i>=0.550, <i>P</i>>0.05). PRA in the orthokeratology group -2.27±0.37D was significantly higher than that in the pre-treatment group -0.83±0.23D(<i>t</i>=37.070, <i>P</i><0.001). There was no significant difference in PRA -0.83±0.24D at the end of 6mo compared with that before treatment -0.77±0.24D,(<i>t</i>=1.565, <i>P</i>>0.05). After treatment, the PRA of orthokeratology group was better than that of glasses group, and the difference was statistically significant(<i>t</i>=-25.271, <i>P</i><0.001). The eye axis of the orthokeratology group 24.86 ±0.91mm was significantly higher than that of the control group 24.84±0.90mm(<i>t</i>=-2.453, <i>P</i><0.05)at the end of 6mo. The eye axis of the glasses group 24.97±0.86mm was significantly different from that before treatment 24.78±0.86mm(<i>t</i>=39.135, <i>P</i><0.001). There was no significant difference in the eye axis between the orthokeratology group and the glasses group after 6mo(<i>t</i>=-0.932,<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The corrected visual acuity of juvenile myopia by orthokeratology was significantly higher than that by using glasses 6mo after treatment, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in eye axis during 6mo.
ABSTRACT
·AIM: To observe the pupil diameter in different environment on myopia control effect of orthokeratology. ·METHODS: The optometry, pupil diameter and eye axial length were examined in 70 patients aged 8- to 13-year-old with low and moderate myopia, whom then were given night wear lenses, and we measured the length of eye axis and pupil diameter before wearing lenses,6, 12 and 24mo after wearing. In two different light environment groups, each group took the average pupil diameter as the dividing and divided into two subgroups; the pupil diameter higher than the mean group (19 cases, 17 cases respectively), the pupil diameter lower than the mean group (16 case, 18 cases respectively). The paired t-test, independent sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were adopted to analyze. ·RESULTS: Whether in darkroom or exposed to natural light, the axial length of pupils whose diameter was lower than the mean diameter increased faster than that above the average diameter of pupils (P<0. 01). The initial pupil diameter was significantly negatively correlated with the growth of the eye axis at the end of the 24-month follow-up (r=-0.4267,P<0.05;r=-0.4925, P<0.01). · CONCLUSION: The myopia controlling effect of orthokeratology under two different illumination conditions showed that the effect of myopia control in children with larger pupils is better than that in children with smaller pupils, which may be that the larger pupil makes the orthokeratology maintain stronger intervention on peripheral retina myopic defocus.