Study of tooth drifts after orthodontic extractions in cases of interruption / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To compare the tooth drift differences between different types of patients after orthodontic extraction for 1.5 months (45 days) without return to the clinic on time for some reasons.@*Methods@#This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. A total of 84 patients had bilateral premolars extracted but were not bonded the bracket for some reasons. The upper and lower jaw dental models were cast, scanned, and reconstructed in 3D. Patients were divided into 12 groups based on extraction positions (first premolar or second premolar), jaw types (maxilla or mandible) and vertical facial types (average angle, high angle, or low angle). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in the following five indicators in different types of patients who were interrupted for 1.5 months after extraction: anterior tooth crowding, width between canines, width between first molars, tooth extraction space, and overbite of anterior teeth. @*Results @#The tooth extraction position, jaw type and vertical facial type had an effect on the reduction in tooth extraction space and anterior tooth crowding before and after the sudden emergent state (1.5 months after tooth extraction) (P<0.001), and the tooth extraction position and vertical facial type had an effect on the increase in anterior tooth overbite (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth was greater in patients with first premolars extracted than in those with second premolars extracted (P<0.001), and the drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in the maxilla was larger than that of the mandible (P<0.001). The drift of bilateral adjacent teeth in patients with high angles was more obvious than that of patients with average angles and low angles (P<0.001). @* Conclusion@# For orthodontic patients who have maxillary tooth extraction, first premolar extraction, and even high angles in the vertical facial type, the bilateral adjacent teeth are easier to drift, orthodontic treatment should be carried out soon after extraction, and attention should be given to anchorage control.

Association between Facial Types and Handedness among Students of Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Bayero University, Kano

Background: Generally, a person's dominant hand is a simple and precise determinant of his preference for hand use in fine manual tasks. The main tools used in forensics are derived from the relationships between anthropometric features with important physical and /or biological traits. Objective: This study was to determine the association between facial types and handedness among students of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences of Bayero University, Kano. Methodology: Cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling of 400 (180 males and 220 females) students (aged 18 and above) of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Bayero University, Kano was carried out. Facial height (FH) and facial width (FW) were measured using established landmarks and the facial index (FI) was calculated from them. The dominant handedness of each participant was determined using the writing component of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. This procedure involved asking the participants to mention which of their hands was dominant. The participant was then asked to write a sentence regarding the activitieshe/she was carrying out at the point of recruitment to ascertain the claim made by the participants. The sentence was written separately using each hand. All the data obtained were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS version 20.0). Results: The study population was relatively young (21.76 ± 2.77 years). Right-handedness was the commonest hand dominance observed in both males (90.7%) and females (91.7%). The commonest types of face were the hypereuriproscopic 2 (0.5%), Euriproscopic 41 (10.3%), Mesoproscopic 78 (19.5%), Leptoproscopic 127 (31.8%) and Hyperleptoproscopic 152 (37%) facial types. The majority of the participants were right-handed and this was regardless of gender. The prediction of handedness based on facial types (ꭕ2 = 1.39, Df =3, P = 0.85) or facial index (P = 0.92, OR=0.99, CI = 0.82 ­ 1.19) was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The facial types identified among the study population were not associated with their handedness and thus it was not a good predictor of handedness

Comparison of hyoid bone positions among patients with different sagittal skeletal malocclusions / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To compare the hyoid bone position among patients with different sagittal skeletal malocclusions to provide a reference for clinicians to formulate treatment plans.@*Methods@#Lateral cephalograms of 284 orthodontic patients were selected. According to ANB angles, the types of skeletal malocclusion of patients were determined as follows: Class Ⅰ (1° ≤ ANB ≤ 5°), Class Ⅱ (ANB>5°) and Class Ⅲ (ANB<1°). Ten parameters were used to determine hyoid positions. After comparing the hyoid positions of the three groups, stratified analyses based on sex and age were conducted. @*Results @# No significant differences in demographic and vertical facial type features among skeletal Classes Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients were observed (P>0.05). The angle between the Gonion-hyoid point line and the hyoid point-Menton line (Go-Hy-Me) of Class Ⅱ patients was significantly smaller than that of Class Ⅰ patients, and the angle between the most anterior and inferior point of the third cervical vertebra-hyoid point line and the hyoid point-Sella line (C3-Hy-S) of Class Ⅲ patients was smaller than that of Class I patients (P<0.05). Age-stratified analysis showed that in the juvenile group, the C3-Hy-S of Class Ⅲ patients was significantly smaller than that of Class Ⅰ patients in males and females (P<0.05). In the adult female group, the Go-Hy-Me of Class Ⅱ patients was significantly smaller, and the distance from the hyoid point to the mandibular plane (Hy-MP) was larger than that noted in Class Ⅰ patients (P<0.05); no significant difference in hyoid position between male Class Ⅱ and I patients was observed (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Compared with Class Ⅰ patients, the hyoid bone of Class Ⅱ patients in adult females was farther away from the mandible and that of Class Ⅲ patients in juveniles was farther away from the cervical vertebra and posterior cranial base.

Parámetros cefalométricos para determinar biotipo facial en adultos chilenos / Cephalometric norms related to Facial type in eugnathic Chilean adults

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Determinar normas cefalométricas relacionadas con el biotipo facial en una población eugnácica chilena adulta y compararla con los parámetros cefalométricos clásicos. Material y método: Estudio transversal. Se analizaron 96 telerradiografías digitales de adultos jóvenes chilenos eugnácicos entre 18 y 35 años. El análisis cefalométrico fue realizado con el software Quick Ceph 2000®. Resultados: El ángulo goníaco tuvo un valor promedio de 121.96º, el ratio de Bjork-Jarabak 67.11%, el ángulo SN-GoGn 32.65º, el ángulo interbasal de Schwarz 23.8º, el VERT de Ricketts un valor de 2.33 y la altura facial inferior de Ricketts un valor de 44.1º. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres para el ratio de Bjork-Jarabak, ángulo SN-GoGn, ángulo interbasal de Schwarz y el VERT de Ricketts. Conclusiones: Los parámetros estudiados: ángulo goníaco, ángulo SN-GoGn, ángulo interbasal, altura facial inferior de Ricketts, son similares a las normas cefalométricas establecidas por sus autores originales, a excepción del ratio de Björk-Jarabak y el VERT de Ricketts. Asimismo, existe un fenómeno de dimorfismo sexual significativo, que debe ser tomado en cuenta al momento de diagnosticar a los individuos adultos.

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine cephalometric standards related to facial type in a eugnathic adult Chilean population and to compare them with the classical cephalometric parameters. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Ninety six eugnathic young Chilean adults (between 18 and 35 years old) were included in this study. Lateral digital standardized cephalometric radiographs were used. The cephalometric analysis used Quick-Ceph 2000® software. Results: The mean value of the gonial angle was 121.96º, the Biörk-Jarabak ratio was 67.11%, SN-GoGn angle was 32.65º, interbasal angle (Schwarz) was 23.8º, Ricketts VERT was 2.33 and Ricketts lower facial height 44.1º. There was a significant difference between men and women for the Biörk-Jarabak ratio, SN-GoGn, interbasal angle and Ricketts VERT. Conclusion: Cephalometric standards obtained are similar to those established by the original authors, except for the Björk-Jarabak ratio and Ricketts lower facial height. However, there is a significative sexual dimorphism that should be considered when making a patient´s diagnosis.

The relation between the upper first molar root tips and the maxillary sinus floor in patients with different vertical facial patterns / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the relation between the upper first molar root tips and the maxillary sinus floor in patients with different vertical facial patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to explore the reference data for safe clinical orthodontic treatments.@*Methods@#Three-dimensional images were reconstructed from CBCT data. The CBCT data from 120 adolescents and adults were divided into three groups (low-angle group, average-angle group, high-angle group) based on vertical facial type. For each subject, the distance from the maxillary sinus floor to the upper first molar root tips was measured, and the types of contacts were classified. ANOVA and LSD t tests were used for statistical comparisons and performed using SPSS 19.0.@*Results@#Of the 120 samples, only 27% of the upper first molar root tips lost their contacts with the maxillary sinus floor, and the other 73% of the root tips contacted the sinus to different extents. Significant differences in the distances from the maxillary sinus floor to the upper first molar root tips were found for different vertical facial types (P < 0.05). The high-angle group had the lowest sinus floor, relative to the root tips, of the three adult groups (P < 0.05). In the adult group with a low angle, the measured value for the palatal root tips was the lowest and was significantly different from those in the other groups (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Seventy-three percent of the upper first molar root tips contacted the maxillary sinus floor. The maxillary sinus floor tended to be lower relative to the first molar root tips in patients with a high-angle facial pattern than in others. The roots protruded into the sinus to a greater extent.

Evaluation of buccolingual molar inclinations among different vertical facial types / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular molars in adults with different vertical facial types. METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 135 adult patients (age, 20–45 years) with skeletal Class I maxillomandibular relationships were assigned to normodivergent (n = 46), hypodivergent (n = 49), and hyperdivergent groups (n = 40) according to linear and angular sella-nasion/gonion-menton measurements. The normodivergent group consisted of 24 females and 22 males, hypodivergent group of 26 females and 23 males, and hyperdivergent group of 24 females and 16 males. Buccolingual inclination of the maxillary and mandibular first and second molars was measured relative to the occlusal plane. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparison. Gender differences were evaluated using independent t-tests. RESULTS: Buccolingual molar inclinations did not differ significantly between females and males (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the buccolingual inclinations of the first and second maxillary and mandibular molars of the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Buccolingual inclinations of maxillary and mandibular molars are similar in normodivergent, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent adults with Class I sagittal relationships.

Morphometric analysis of three normal facial types in mixed dentition using posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs: preliminary results / Análise morfométrica dos três tipos faciais normais na dentição mista utilizando radiografias cefalométricas póstero-anteriores: resultados preliminares

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the craniofacial features of subjects with normal occlusion with different vertical patterns in the mixed dentition using morphometric analysis (Thin-Plate Spline analysis - TPS) applied to posteroanterior (PA) films. The sample comprised 39 individuals (18 females and 21 males), all in mixed dentition, aged from 8.4 to 10 years with satisfactory occlusion and balanced profile and with no history of orthodontic or facial orthopedic treatment. The sample was divided into three groups (mesofacial, brachyfacial and dolichofacial) according to the facial types proposed by Ricketts (1989). The average craniofacial configurations of each study group were obtained by orthogonal superimposition of Procrustes, thereby eliminating size differences and allowing only shape differences between groups to be analyzed by viewing the TPS deformation grid. Significant differences were found among the three facial types but were more remarkable between mesofacials and dolichofacials than between mesofacials and brachyfacials. TPS morphometric analysis proved efficient for accurate visualization of transverse and vertical differences among facial types even before pubertal growth spurt. These differences cannot be easily detected by traditional posteroanterior cephalometry.

O objetivo da presente investigação foi avaliar as características craniofaciais de indivíduos com oclusão normal e diferentes padrões verticais na dentição mista, utilizando a análise morfométrica (análise Thin-Plate Spline - TPS) aplicada em radiografias póstero-anteriores. A amostra foi composta de 39 indivíduos (18 meninas e 21 meninos), todos com dentição mista, com idades variando entre 8, 4 e 10 anos, com oclusão satisfatória e perfil balanceado e sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico ou ortopédico. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos (mesofacial, braquifacial e dolicofacial) de acordo com os tipos faciais propostos por Ricketts (1989). As configurações craniofaciais médias de cada grupo em estudo foram obtidas pela sobreposição ortogonal de Procrustes, eliminando, dessa maneira, diferenças de tamanho e permitindo analisar separadamente as diferenças de forma pela visualização das grades de deformação da análise de TPS. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os três tipos faciais, mas foram mais marcantes entre os dolicofaciais e os mesofaciais do que entre os mesofaciais e os braquifaciais. A análise morfométrica TPS provou ser eficiente para a acurada visualização das diferenças transversais e verticais entre os tipos faciais, mesmo antes do pico de crescimento puberal. Essas diferenças não podem ser facilmente detectáveis pela cefalometria póstero-anterior tradicional.

The relationship between arch width and vertical facial skeletal types of the adults with individual normal occlusion / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between arch width and different vertical facial skeletal types of the adults with individual normal occlusion.Methods:52 adults with individual normal occlusions(females 31,males 21) were included.According to the values of mandibular plane angle MP-FH,SN-MP measured on CBCT image the subjects were divided into 3 groups(13 cases with highangle,19 with average-angle and 20 with low-angle groups).12 parameters were measured for each sample,including maxillary and mandible arch width and alveolar arch width between canines,between first premolars and between first molars,the difference between the maxillary arch width and mandibular arch width were calculated.The data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson~ rank correlation test.Results:In the group of high-angle,average-angle and low-angle the alveolar arch width(mm) between maxillary canines was 38.03 ± 1.90,39.65 ± 1.80 and 39.78 ± 2.20 respectively(P ＜ 0.05).The arch width between maxillary first premolars of high-angle group(37.01 ± 1.60) was smaller than that of low-angle group(38.65 ± 1.30).The arch width difference in canine area between maxillary and mandibular alveolar in high-angle,average-angle and low-angle groups was 7.39 ± 1.82,9.04 ± 1.43 and 9.26 ± 1.67 respectively(P ＜0.05);in maxillary first premolars area in high-angle(6.8 ± 1.59) was smaller than that in averageangle(7.79 ± 1.09),maxillary and mandibular arch width showed no statistical difference.Pearson correlation test showed that among 3 groups,upper and lower alveolar arch width difference in canine and first premolars area was negatively correlated with the mandibular plane angle.while upper and lower arch width difference showed no statistical correlation with the mandibular plane angle.Conclusion:The maxillary middle arch width of the subjects with individual normal occlusion was correlated with vertical facial type.

Effect of frontal facial type and sex on preferred chin projection / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of frontal facial type (FFT) and sex on preferred chin projection (CP) in three-dimensional (3D) facial images. METHODS: Six 3D facial images were acquired using a 3D facial scanner (euryprosopic [Eury-FFT], mesoprosopic [Meso-FFT], and leptoprosopic [Lepto-FFT] for each sex). After normal CP in each 3D facial image was set to 10° of the facial profile angle (glabella–subnasale-pogonion), CPs were morphed by gradations of 2° from normal (moderately protrusive [6°], slightly protrusive [8°], slightly retrusive [12°], and moderately retrusive [14°]). Seventy-five dental students (48 men and 27 women) were asked to rate the CPs (6°, 8°, 10°, 12°, and 14°) from the most to least preferred in each 3D image. Statistical analyses included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of preferred CP in the same FFT between male and female evaluators. In Meso-FFT, the normal CP was the most preferred without any sex difference. However, in Eury-FFT, the slightly protrusive CP was favored in male 3D images, but the normal CP was preferred in female 3D images. In Lepto-FFT, the normal CP was favored in male 3D images, whereas the slightly retrusive CP was favored in female 3D images. The mean preferred CP angle differed significantly according to FFT (Eury-FFT: male, 8.7°, female, 9.9°; Meso-FFT: male, 9.8°, female, 10.7°; Lepto-FFT: male, 10.8°, female, 11.4°; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings might serve as guidelines for setting the preferred CP according to FFT and sex.

Differences in the mandibular premolar positions in Angle Class I subjects with different vertical facial types: A cone-beam computed tomography study / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: To compare the positions of the mandibular premolars in Angle Class I subjects according to vertical facial type. The results will provide a theoretical basis for predicting effective tooth movement in orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Cephalometric parameters were determined using cone-beam computed tomography in 120 Angle Class I subjects. Subjects were categorized as short, normal, and long face types according to the Frankfort mandibular angle. Parameters indicating the position of the mandibular right premolars and the mandible were also measured. RESULTS: The angle between the mandibular first premolar axis and buccal cortex, the distance between the root apex and buccal cortex, angle of vestibularization, arc of vestibularization, and root apex maximum movable distance were significantly greater in the short face type than in the long and norm face types. The angle between the mandibular second premolar axis and buccal cortex, the distance from root apex to buccal cortex, and the arc of vestibularization were significantly greater in the short face type than in the normal face type. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in the mandibular premolar positions in Class I subjects according to vertical facial type.

A CBCT study of alveolar bone structure around incisors of the patients with verical facial type of skeletal Class Ⅱ / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the structure of alveolar bone around incisors in patients with verical facial type of skeletal ClassⅡ by CBCT.Methods:60 skeletal Class Ⅱ patients were divided into low angle,average angle and high angle cases(n =20)by FMA.CBCT scanning was made and the thickness of the labial and lingual alveolar bone around the incisors in each subject was meas-ured.The measurements were analyzed using ANOVA.Results:The total width of alveolar bone at the root apical level of maxillary and mandibular incisors,the lingual thickness of alveolar bone at the root midpoint of maxillary incisors and labial thickness of alveolar bone at the root midpoint of mandibular incisors in the high angle cases were thinner than that in the average and low angle cases(P <0.05),but there was no significant difference in labial thickness of alveolar bone at the crest among 3 groups.Conclusion:The alveo-lar bone thickness around incisors of high angle patients is thinner,more attention should be paid for the alveolar bone absorpation and tooth root exposure in these patients.

Quantitative evaluation of alveolar cortical bone density in adults with different vertical facial types using cone-beam computed tomography / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the cortical bone densities of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes in adults with different vertical facial types using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS: CBCT images (n = 142) of adult patients (20-45 years) were classified into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups on the basis of linear and angular S-N/Go-Me measurements. The cortical bone densities (in Hounsfield units) at maxillary and mandibular interdental sites from the distal aspect of the canine to the mesial aspect of the second molar were measured on the images. RESULTS: On the maxillary buccal side, female subjects in the hyperdivergent group showed significantly decreased bone density, while in the posterior region, male subjects in the hyperdivergent group displayed significantly decreased bone density when compared with corresponding subjects in the other groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, the subjects in the hyperdivergent group had significantly lower bone densities on the mandibular buccal side than hypodivergent subjects. The maxillary palatal bone density did not differ significantly among groups, but female subjects showed significantly denser palatal cortical bone. No significant difference in bone density was found between the palatal and buccal sides in the maxillary premolar region. Overall, the palatal cortical bone was denser anteriorly and buccal cortical bone was denser posteriorly. CONCLUSION: Adults with the hyperdivergent facial type tend to have less-dense buccal cortical bone in the maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes. Clinicians should be aware of the variability of cortical bone densities at mini-implant placement sites.

The incidence of third molar absence in the subjects with different vertical skeletal face types / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To survey the relation of different vertical skeletal facial type and the third molar agenesis.Methods:The vertical face type of 207 subjects was divided into high angle(n=45),average angle(n=99)and low angle(n=63)groups by the assessments of MP-SN angle.The assessment of the third molar was made from panoramic radiographs,then the third molar agenesis rate of different vertical skeletal facial types was analysed.Chi-square criterion examination was conducted with SPSS 17.0 software. Results:In the high angle group,whether in the maxillary or mandibular,unilateral or bilateral,the absent percentage of third molar was higher than that in low angle group(P<0.05).In the females the bilateral maxillary third molar absent percentage was higher than in the males(P<0.05).The absent percentage of maxillary third molar was higher than that of the mandibular third molar(P<0.05).Conclusion:The third molar absence depends on vertical skeletal facial type.The absent percentage of third molar in the in-dividuals with high angle type is higher than that in those with low angle type(P<0.05).

Assessment of the mandibular symphysis of Caucasian Brazilian adults with well-balanced faces and normal occlusion: the influence of gender and facial type

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish cephalometric reference values for mandibular symphysis in adults. Dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue variables were measured considering the influence of gender and facial type. METHODS: The sample consisted of sixty cephalometric radiographs of white Brazilian adult patients, with a mean age of 27 years and 6 months, who had not undergone orthodontic treatment and who presented well-balanced faces and normal occlusion. The sample was standardized according to gender (30 males and 30 females) and facial type (20 were dolichofacial, 20 mesofacial and 20 brachyfacial). RESULTS: The results showed that male and female symphyses are similar, except for symphyseal height, which was greater in males. In terms of facial type, the dolichofacial group presented narrower symphysis in dentoalveolar and basal areas, with a more accentuated lingual dentoalveolar inclination. CONCLUSION: The brachyfacial group showed broader symphysis in the dentoalveolar and basal areas and a greater buccal dentoalveolar inclination. The projection of the chin was 6.67 mm below the subnasal vertical line and there was no significant difference between the genders or facial types.

Maturation of permanent teeth in different facial types: A comparative study.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of dental maturation help in diagnosis, treatment planning, and timing in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Aim and Objective: The present study is undertaken to compare and correlate chronological age and dental age of patients with average, vertical, and horizontal facial types, and to find out any sex difference in dental age in different growth patterns and to evaluated the reliability of Willem's method in Indian population. Materials and Methods: Subjects in the age group of 8-10 years were screened from Out Patients Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics and from the various school of the City, were subjected to cephalometric radiography and orthopentomograms. Angular and linear measurements used included;-SN Go-Gn angle, J.R. (Jarabak ratio) and LAFH (lower anterior facial height), to group total sample of 150 children. Group 1 (average grower), Group 2 (vertical grower), and Group 3 (horizontal grower). Then dental age for each child in different group was calculated from OPG of each subject and compared with chronological age using Student t-test. Results: The results suggest a difference in dental age in subject with vertical and horizontal growers. Vertical grower showed earlier maturation compared to horizontal growth patterns. There was insignificant difference present when vertical grower and horizontal grower were compared with average growth pattern. Insignificant difference was found in dental age between males and females when compared to same growth pattern. Conclusion: Subjects with vertical growth pattern matured early than having the horizontal growth pattern in the same chronological age.

Relación entre la proporción áurea y el índice facial en estudiantes de Estomatología de La Habana / Relation between the aureal proportion and the facial index in students of Stomatology of La Habana

La proporción áurea ha sido utilizada en el diagnóstico ortodóncico como una variable importante para decidir el tratamiento de elección. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre la presencia de la proporción divina y el tipo facial morfológico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 70 estudiantes de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana. Se comparó el tipo facial encontrado, con la presencia o no de la divina proporción (1,618) entre la altura de la cabeza y la anchura bicigomática. Resultados: los tipos faciales euriprosopo y mesoprosopo fueron los más representados (38,57 por ciento cada uno). El 65,71 por ciento del total presentó la proporción áurea. En ambos sexos predominaron los que tuvieron la proporción (femenino con 66,67 por ciento, masculino con 64 por ciento), al igual que el 74,07 por ciento de los mesoprosopos y el 62,96 por ciento de los euriprosopos. En el sexo femenino los tres tipos faciales cumplieron significativamente (p< 0,05) con la proporción y en el masculino solo los mesoprosopos con un 80,00 por ciento. Conclusiones: los tipos faciales euriprosopo y mesoprosopo constituyeron la mayoría de la muestra estudiada, predominaron los estudiantes con la divina proporción en las mediciones estudiadas, en el sexo masculino sobresale en los mesoprosopos ganando en estos, mayor significación diagnóstica(AU)

Aurous proportion has been used in the orthodontic diagnosis as an important variable to decide the choice treatment. Objective: To assess the relation between the presence of a divine proportion and the morphologic facial type. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 70 students from the Odontology Faculty (Facultad de Estomatología) of La Habana. The facial type founded was compared with the presence or not of the divine proportion (1,618) between the head height and the zygomatic width. Results: The euryprosopic and the mesoprosopic facial types were the more represented (38.57 percent each). The (65.71 ) percent of total had an aureal proportion (female sex with 66,67 percent and male sex with 64 percent) similar to the 74,07 percent of mesoprosopic ones and the 62,96 percent of euryprosopic ones. In the case of the female sex the three facial types significantly fulfilled (p< 0,05) with the proportion parameters and in the male sex only the mesoprosopic ones for a 80,00 percent. Conclusions: The euryprosopic and mesoprosopic facial types were the most of the study sample with predominance of students with the divine proportion in study measurements, in male sex it to stand out in the mesoprosopic ones with a higher diagnostic significance(AU)

Existen diferencias en la morfometría mandibular de pacientes candidatos a cirugía ortognática? parte 1: influencias de la clase facial / Are there differences in the mandibular morphometry in patients who are candidates for orthognathic surgery? part 1: influences of facial class

Las deformidades dentofaciales (DDF) son alteraciones faciales bien conocidas. Estas se pueden presentar clínicamente con alteraciones antero posteriores, verticales, transversales de forma aislada o conjugando algunas de ellas. El abordaje quirúrgico de estas alteraciones ha tenido amplio estudio en los últimos 50 años, donde las características óseas morfométricas tienen un papel fundamental. Fue elaborado un estudio de cohorte en pacientes que consultaron por cirugía ortognática entre los años 2002 y 2008 en la División de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial de la FOP-UNICAMP. Fueron estudiadas las radiografías panorámicas realizando el análisis de variables como clase facial, ramo mandibular, cuerpo mandibular, foramen alveolar inferior y foramen mentoniano; estableciendo proporciones y relaciones estadísticas con la prueba Chi-Cuadrado con significancia estadística cuando p<0,05. Cuarenta y seis pacientes completaron los criterios de inclusión. De ellos, 18 fueron clase II y 28 fueron clase III; de una forma general, no existió diferencias estadísticas entre las variables analizadas. Sin embargo, hubo diferencias en las proporciones estudiadas, donde la posición del foramen alveolar inferior presentó variaciones entre las clases faciales. Podemos concluir que en este grupo de 46 pacientes no existen diferencias en la morfometría mandibular cuando son comparados pacientes con clase facial tipo II y tipo III.

Dentofacial deformities (FDA) facial alterations are well known. These disorders can present clinically with subsequent anterior, vertical, horizontal alterations that can be isolated or combining some of them. The surgical approach of these alterations has been extensive study in the last 50 years, where the bone morphometric characteristics have a crucial role. It was developed in a cohort study of patients who consulted for orthognathic surgery between 2002 and 2008 in the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the FOP-UNICAMP. Panoramic radiographs were studied by setting the variables as class analysis of facial, mandibular ramus, mandibular body, and inferior alveolar foramen mental foramen, establishing statistical relationships and proportions with Chi-square test with statistical significance when p <0.05. Forty-six patients completed the inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 were class II and 28 were Class III, in general, there was no statistical difference between the analyzed variables. However, differences in the proportions studied, where the position of the inferior alveolar foramen varies between facial classes. We conclude that in this group of 46 patients there were no differences in the mandibular morphometry when compared patients with Class II facial type and type III.

Avaliação da atividade eletromiográfica do músculo masseter em diferentes tipos faciais / Electromyographic activity of masseter muscle in different facial types

O propósito deste estudo foi examinar as atividades eletromiográfica do músculo masseter em diferentes tipos faciais durante o repouso e a mastigação. A amostra consistiu de 47 jovens e adultos (20 do sexo masculino e 27 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 25,9 anos) com dentição permanente, oclusão aceitável e sem ausência dentária. A amostra foi classificada em cinco grupos de acordo com o tipo facial baseados no Índice Morfológico da Face. Os resultados desta investigação revelaram que o tipo facial mesoprósopo apresentou a menor atividade para ambos os masseter (esquerdo e direito) durante o repouso e mastigação; e a maior atividade foi tipo facial euriprósopo no masseter esquerdo e no tipo facial leptoprósopo no masseter direito durante o repouso, e no tipo facial hiperleptoprósopo em ambos os masseter durante a mastigação. A análise não revelou nenhuma diferente estatística significante entre a atividade eletromiográfica e os diferentes tipos faciais, bem como para o sexo e a idade dos participantes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the electromyographic activities of the masseter muscle in different facial types during the rest position and during the chewing. The sample consisted of 47 young and adults (20 males and 27, mean age 25,9 years) with permanent dentition, acceptable occlusion and no missing teeth. The sample was classified into five groups according to the facial type according with Morphological Facial Rate. The results of the investigation revealed that the mesoprosopo facial type was showed the lesser activity for both masseter (left and right) during the rest position and the chewing; and the higher activity was in the euriprosopo facial type in the left masseter and the leptoprosopo in the right master during the rest position, and in the hiperleptoprosopo in the booth masseter during the chewing. The analysis revealed no statistically significant different between electromyographic activity and the different facial types as well as for the sex and age of the subjects.

Upper airway forms of the adults with classⅡsagittal facial type / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics and differences of upper airway forms in the adults with class Ⅱ sagittal facial type of different vertical facial types and investigate the correlation between craniofacial structures and upper airway forms.Methods:Cephalograms of 135 adults with classⅡsagittal facial type of different vertical facial types were collected.60 cases were males and 75 cases were females.All the cephalograms were measured in sagittal upper airway depths.The differences were compared between genders,and also among different vertical facial type groups.Results:Among different vertical facial type groups,only the sagittal depths of nasopharynx(PNS-Ba、PNS-R)of the males and PNS-Ba of the females in high angle groups were smaller than that in average and low angle groups(P0.05),but the values of V-LPW of the males were larger than that of the famales in all vertical facial type groups(P

Upper airway form and hyoid position of the adults with different vertical facial types / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the difference of upper airway form and hyoid position of the adults with different vertical facial types.Methods:Cephalograms of 120 adults with different vertical facial types were retrospectively investigated by computerized cephalometric analysis.Upper airway depths and hyoid position were measured,and differences were compared between male and female,also compared among different vertical facial type groups.Results:The sagittal depth of upper airway in male was larger than that in female,but there was no statistical difference except V-LPW.Among different vertical facial types,the sagittal depths of upper airway in high angle group was smaller than that in average angle group and low angle group.There was statistical difference in hyoid position between genders,AH-SN,AH-FH and AH-C3 in male were larger than in female(P