The Family Influence on the Gestational Age at Booking among Pregnant Women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Introduction: Family plays an important role in health seeking behaviour and education of its members. Educating an individual especially a girl child usually results in improvements in the quality of life because women who attended school often have healthier families and if pregnant they often tend to book for antenatal care early. Objectives: This study is aimed to determine the influence of family type, educational level and occupation of women on the gestational age at booking among pregnant women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional prospective study. It was conducted among antenatal care seekers who presented for booking in the Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso. The study involved consecutive recruitment of pregnant women at the antenatal booking clinic who came for antenatal care at Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso. The pretested questionnaire was used to obtain the following information: Sociodemographic characteristics, family history and history of index pregnancy. Results: A total of 345 pregnant women at the antenatal booking clinic were recruited for the study. The age of the respondents ranged from 16 to 48 years with a mean age of 29.47±5.41 years. Not less than one-half of the subjects who were from monogamous and polygamous home booked at second trimester. A majority of the subjects who had no formal education (11, 73.3%) booked at the third trimester while the majority of the subjects who had post secondary education (56, 60.9%) booked at second trimester (P=0.01). More than one-half of the subjects who were artisans (25, 56.8%) booked at third trimester while most subjects who were civil servants (65, 61.3%) booked at second trimester (P=0.03). Conclusion: Many women in Ogbomoso still book late for antenatal care. Occupation and educational level have a significant influence on the gestational age at booking amongst pregnant women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. There is need to increase public awareness on the importance of educating a girl child.

Diet and Health Status of Elderly Women According to the Family Type / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the diet and health status of elderly women according to the family type. METHODS: A total of 307 elderly women participated in this study were divided into one of three groups according to their family type: residing with spouse (RSP; n=88), residing with son or daughter (RSD; n=119), and residing alone (RAL; n=100). Chi-square test was used to assess dietary habits and health status of the subjects by the family types. RESULTS: Results demonstrated significant associations between eating regular meals, person preparing meals, coffee intake, and bone fracture experience and family type. Among the three groups, the RSP and RAL groups had a higher percentage for preparing meals by themselves (p<0.001) than the RSD group. The RAL group had a lower percentage for eating regular meals (p<0.01) but a higher percentage for bone fracture experience (p<0.05) than the other groups. There were no significant differences in monthly allowance, self-estimated health status, physical activity, exercise, drinking, and dietary habits such as frequency of consumption of dairy, beans, eggs, fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that elderly women residing alone without a son, daughter, or spouse had more diet-related and health problems such as irregular meals and high bone fracture experience. These findings suggested that elderly women residing alone need more attention and support.

Comparative analysis of food intake according to the family type of elderly women in Seoul area / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: As the rate of senior citizens living alone increases in the current aging society, there is much concern regarding the health and nutritional intake of solitary senior citizens. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional intake of senior citizens according to their family type. METHODS: In July and August of 2011, two senior citizen welfare centers in Seoul were visited to survey 267 elderly women. Excluding 54 subjects for which the data were incomplete, information from 213 subjects was analyzed. The subjects were divided into three family types, living alone (LA, n = 74), living with spouse (LS, n = 78), and living with children (LC, n = 61). RESULTS: The mean age of the LA group was the highest, while the mean age of the LS group was the lowest (p < 0.001) , and WHR of the LC group was the highest (p = 0.049). Income was the highest in the LS group (p < 0.001). Frequency of eating out was the lowest in the LA group (p = 0.031). By Duncan's multiple analysis, the amounts of energy intake, vegetable protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, Vit D, Vit E, Vit B2, niacin, Vit B6, Vit B12, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the LS group compared with the LA or LC group (p < 0.05). The intakes of calcium, Vit D, Vit B12, and cholesterol were still significantly different among the three groups, even after adjustment for age and monthly income. The LA group ate less fruit and fish than the LS or LC group (p < 0.05). The LA group showed the lowest dietary diversity and the LS group showed the highest diversity (p = 0.014), however, the significance of dietary diversity score among the three groups disappeared after adjustment for age and monthly income. CONCLUSION: Elderly women living with spouse were receiving better nutrition than elderly women living alone or living with children. Therefore, solitary elderly women who do not live with their spouse or children should be offered greater opportunities to receive a balanced meal at a congregational kitchen or welfare center. To ensure their healthy diet, it is essential to provide continuous nutrition education with these groups in mind.

Predição do apego de crianças em função do estilo educativo materno e do tipo de família / Prediction of children's attachment regarding maternal rearing style and family type

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores preditores da segurança do apego das crianças. O estudo foi conduzido numa amostra comunitária de mães de 288 crianças em idade escolar, distribuídas por três grupos de acordo com a tipologia familiar (famílias nucleares, monoparentais e reconstituídas). As mães avaliaram o seu estilo educativo (EMBU-P) e os comportamentos de apego dos filhos (PCV-M). Os resultados evidenciaram uma correlação positiva entre as perceções maternas dos comportamentos de apego dos filhos e de suporte emocional e uma correlação negativa entre esta mesma variável e a rejeição materna. O modelo preditor da segurança do apego identificou como preditores a rejeição e o suporte emocional maternos, não se verificando o poder preditivo do tipo de família.

This study aims to identify predictive factors of children's secure attachment. The study was conducted in a community-based sample of 288 mothers of school-aged children distributed in three groups accordingly to their family type (nuclear, single-parent and reconstituted family). The mothers assessed their own rearing style (EMBU-P) as well as their children's attachment behaviors (PCV-M). The results showed a positive correlation between mothers' perception of emotional support and the quality of their children's attachment behaviors, and a negative correlation between the latter variable and maternal rejection. The predictive model of attachment security identified maternal rejection and emotional support as predictors, whilst family type showed no predictive power.

Health Care Behavior of People 60 Years and Older in Korea According to Family Type and Sociodemographic Factors - The 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of family type and sociodemographic factors on medical treatment, health behavior, and subjective health status in Koreans 60 years and older. METHODS: This study was based on data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationwide health interview survey using a rolling sampling design involving complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster. Our subjects included those > or =60 years of age (n=1,946) participating in the KNHANES 2010. Family type was categorized into 7 groups according to cohabitation: alone, couple cohabitation (living with a spouse), parent(s) cohabitation (couple living with parent(s)), offspring cohabitation (no spouse, living with offspring), couple offspring cohabitation (couple living with offspring), couple offspring parents cohabitation (couple living with parent(s) and offspring), and others. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of family type and sociodemographic factors with health care. RESULTS: The most common family type was couple cohabitation (38.26+/-1.8%). In this group, the percentage of non-receipt of needed medical care (odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.87) and current smoking rate (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.50) were significantly lower than those living alone. Among the sociodemographic charicteristics, male gender, apartment dwelling, high middle household income, 2 member family, education higher than middle school, and possessing own house were associated with good health care behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows that couples have better health care behavior than other family types, in particular, limited smoking, appropriate medical treatment, and positive subjective health status. Those living alone visit medical clinics less often and have a negative subjective health status.

Evaluation of Eating Habit and Dietary Intake by Family Type of Seniors Utilizing Social Welfare Center in Seoul

The objective of our study was to evaluate the dietary intakes and eating habit for seniors utilizing ten different social welfare centers in Seoul, Korea. The total number of subjects of this study was 543 (male: 199, female: 344) of 60 years of age or older. The survey was performed through personal interview questionnaires from May 3rd to June 1st 2006. After assigning subjects to four categories based on family type, single, couple, joint family, and other, these categories were compared with the estimated total nutrient intakes and eating habit. Validity was assessed by comparison with 24-hour dietary recalls and dietary variety score (DVS). The results showed that senior in single family type was far lower than that of couple family type in terms of frequency of meal per day and intake of snacks. Dietary variety score represented that a single female with social security beneficiary showed the lowest variety score compared with other family type. The lunch meal provided by social welfare center turned out to be the most nutritious diet and had significant proportion of daily intakes in essential nutrients such as protein, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Taken together, the family type was a significant factor and the accompaniment is another effector on dietary pattern in the elderly. We strongly suggest that the current lunch program in welfare center should be expanded to breakfast meal, and furthermore the small commodity program is also needed to provide the elderly with meal for social communication.

The Health Status and Nutrient Intakes of Elderly Female in Daegu Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was designed to evaluate health and nutritional status of elderly females according to their family type. The participants were 157 elderly women (41 living alone, 45 living with a spouse, and 71 living with family). Among them, the subjects answered that their health rated as good condition, the elderly living with a spouse had significantly higher proportions than those living alone and living with family. Serum cholesterol and fasting blood glucose of the respondents living with a spouse were lower than those of the respondents living alone or with family. A dietary assessment with a 24-hour recall method represented that the elderly living alone had lower nutrient intakes, especially the intake of Ca. Most of women living alone or with family were consuming less than 75% of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). For the females living with a spouse, the number of nutrients consumed below 75% of the Korean RDA were significantly lower than that for those living alone and the elderly living with family. As a result of the above analysis, the health and nutritional statement of old women with a spouse was better than that of the old living alone or with family.