Performance, meat quality, and lipidemia of meat-type quails fed with diets containing essential oils / Desempenho, qualidade da carne e lipidemia de codornas de corte alimentadas com rações contendo óleos essenciais

This study evaluated the effect of essential oil (ESOL) of Mentha piperita and Melaleuca alternifolia on meat-type quails. To examine performance, a completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and eight repetitions each, using seven birds per repetition. To assess lipidemia, a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme was used, with four treatments and two collection conditions using eight repetitions and one bird per repetition. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield, cholesterol, high-density lipoporteins, triglycerides, pH, and brightness of quail breast meat were assessed. The data were analyzed for homoscedasticity and normality, and the means were subjected to analysis of variance. Adding M. piperita and M. alternifolia ESOL to the diets of meat-type quails can improve performance, carcass yield, and meat quality characteristics, comparable to the use of performance-enhancing antibiotics. The use of zinc bacitracin, M. piperita, and M. alternifolia under different collection conditions did not increase the serum levels of low-density and very low-density lipoproteins. The variation coefficients measured after 12 hours of fasting were 86% lower than without fasting.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito do uso dos óleos essenciais (OLES) de Mentha piperita e Melaleuca alternifolia em codornas de corte. Para o estudo do desempenho foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatrotratamentos e oito repetições, sendo sete aves por repetição. Para o estudo da lipidemia utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial: 4x2, consistindo em quatro tratamentos e duas condições de coleta, com oito repetições, sendo uma ave por repetição. As variáveis analisadas foram: ganho de peso, consumo ração, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça, colesterol, HDL, triglicerídeos, pH, capacidade de retenção de água, perda de peso por cozimento, luminosidade na carne do peito de codornas. Os dados obtidos foram analisados quanto à homocedasticidade e normalidade, as médias foram submetidas à análise de variância. O uso de OLES de M. piperita e M. alternifolia na dieta de codornas de corte pode proporcionar desempenhos zootécnicos, rendimentos de carcaça e características de qualidade da carne comparáveis ao uso de antibióticos melhoradores de desempenho. A redução no nível de colesterol HDL foi notada nas aves tratadas com Bacitracina de zinco e com os OLES de M. piperita e M. alternifolia, em 8,12; 16,52 e 3,36% respectivamente. O uso da Bacitracina de zinco, da M. piperita e da M. alternifolia associado às diferentes condições de coleta não aumentaram os valores séricos de LDL, VLDL. Os coeficientes de variação aferidos na condição "após 12 horas de jejum" apresentaram-se 86% inferiores à condição "sem jejum".

Growth Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics of Growing Male Cows Fed Diets Supplemented with Organic Chromium Yeast.

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of organic chromium yeast supplementation in feedlot diets of growing male cows on growth efficiency and carcass characteristics. The experiment was conducted in Ibadan (7.380 N and 3.930 E), in the South Western region of Nigeria. The study lasted six months (180 days). A total of seventy-five Ndama Ndama growing male cows with average weights ranging between 280 and 284kg were kept outdoors in feedlot pens of 15 cows per treatment. The different treatment groups received organic chromium yeast mix of 9%, 18%, 27% and 36%, representing 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 ppm organic chromium yeast respectively. Each cow was replicated 3 times with 5 cows per replicate. Parameters recorded during the experimental period include average daily gain, feed: gain ratio and feed consumption. Carcass characteristics studied at the end of the experiment include final yield grade, marbling scores, dressing percentage, quality grade and longissimus muscle area. Statistical analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) differences between the means. Cows fed diets supplemented with 0.3 ppm organic chromium yeast showed higher performance characteristics than cows fed the control diet and the other experimental diets. Treatment with 0.3 ppm organic chromium yeast in the diet of the cows significantly (P<0.05) increased carcass characteristics and these values were higher than the values obtained from cows fed the control diet and the other experimental diets.

The use of mycotoxin binders in reducing contamination of swine diets by feed borne fusarium mycotoxins and its effects on metabolism and reproduction in first parity gilts.

In an experiment to determine the effects of feed-borne fusarium mycotoxins on metabolism and reproduction in first parity gilts, a total of 36 first parity Yorkshire gilts (3 diets with 12 gilts per diet) were housed in individual stalls for 21 days before farrowing and 21 days after farrowing in the first experiment and a total of 32 first parity gilts (4 diets with 8 gilts per diet) were used in the 2nd experiment. Experimental conditions were similar in the 2 experiments. Diets included a control diet, a diet with contaminated grains and a diet with contaminated grains + 0.2% mycotoxin binder in the 1st experiment. In the 2nd experiment a 4th diet was included. There were no significant (P>0.05) effects of diet on average daily feed intake of gilts during gestation. Weight gain and feed: gain ratios however were reduced by contaminated grains. The percentage of stillbirths was higher and total piglets born were lower for gilts fed contaminated grains compared with those fed contaminated grains plus mycotoxin binders. During lactation, feed intake and weight gain were reduced by diets containing contaminated grains. Blood chemistry, milk composition and piglet weights at weaning were not affected by diet.

Feed consumption and weight gaining behavior of zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats with single and in combination treatment of clonidine and metformin.

Background: Diabetes is metabolic disorder with high blood glucose level. Type-2 diabetes is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic hyperglycemia. So agents that are efficiently reduces weight gain along with diabetic control may play beneficial role in obese diabetic subjects. Methods: Zucker Fatty Rats were used for the study. Animals were divided in four groups, (control group, Clonidine group, metformin group and combination group). Normal weight gain and feed consumption data were obtained up to 9 weeks of age there after animals were started treatment according to above mentioned groups. During treatment again feed consumption and weight gain data were generated. The experimental results are expressed as the Mean ± SEM in each group. Statistical analysis has been performed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The data suggest that there is decrease in body weight gain during the treatment with clonidine and in combination of clonidine and metformin. If we consider weight gain of control as 100 % weekly than clonidine group shows 10.45 % weight gain while metformin shows 96.5 % weight gain and in combination group it shows 33.63 % weight gain. So, there is significant reduction in weight gain of the group treated with clonidine and combination of clonidine and metformin. Same time there is reduction in feed consumption of animals. Conclusions: The centrally acting drug Clonidine affects the feed consuming behavior and weight gain of animals. It shows hypophagic effect and reduces weight gain in single as well as in combination with metformin.

Desempenho de codornas de corte EV1 alimentadas com diferentes níveis de lisina na dieta / Performance of EV1 meat type quail line fed different lysine level diets

Estudou-se a exigência de lisina total para a linha EV1 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento utilizando-se 288 aves, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos consistiram de dietas com seis níveis de lisina total, 1,4; 1,5; 1,6; 1,7; 1,8 e 1,9 por cento, e quatro repetições de 12 codornas por unidade experimental. Estudaram-se o ganho de peso (g), o peso corporal ao final de cada período (g), o consumo alimentar (g) e a conversão alimentar (g de alimento/g de peso) nos períodos inicial (do nascimento ao 21º dia) e total (do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade). No período inicial não se observou efeito do nível de lisina sobre o consumo alimentar, mas houve efeito quadrático sobre o peso corporal, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, com máximo desempenho nos níveis de 1,74; 1,75 e 1,70 por cento de lisina total, respectivamente. Para o período total houve efeito quadrático do nível de lisina da dieta sobre o peso no 42º dia, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar, com máximo desempenho das codornas nos níveis de 1,65; 1,65; 1,62 e 1,64 por cento de lisina total, respectivamente. A exigência de lisina total para ganho de peso de machos e fêmeas de codornas de corte do nascimento ao 21º dia foi estimada em 1,75 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia, em 1,65 por cento da dieta

Total lysine requirements for EV1 meat type quail line, during the growing phase were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design with four level of lysine (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, 1.9 percent) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The recorded traits were weight gain (g), body weight (g), feed intake (g), feed:weight gain ratio (g/g) for the initial (from hatch to 21days of age) and total period (from hatch to 42 days of age). The effects of lysine level on body weight, weight gain and feed:weight gain ratio were quadratic and significant with maximum values estimated for 1.74, 1.75 and 1.70 percent of total lysine respectively, but no effect on feed intake from hatch to 21 days of age was observed. Significant effects of lysine level on feed intake and feed : weight gain ratio from hatch to 42 days of age and on body at 42 days of age were observed, with maximum values estimated for 1.65, 1.65, 1.62, 1.64 percent of total lysine in the diets . The total lysine requirements for weight gain (males and females) from hatch to 21 days of age were estimated in 1.75 percent and from hatch to 42 days of age in 1.65 percent of the diet

Exigências em proteína bruta para codornas de corte EV1 em crescimento / Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quail during the growing period

Estudou-se a exigência de proteína bruta para a linha EV1 de codornas de corte na fase de crescimento utilizando-se 288 aves, de ambos os sexos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, cujos tratamentos foram dietas com seis níveis proteína bruta, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 e 33 por cento, e quatro repetições de 12 codornas por unidade experimental. Nos períodos de estudo - inicial (do nascimento ao 21º dia) e total (do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade) - foram registrados o peso corporal (g), o ganho de peso (g), o consumo de ração (g) e a conversão alimentar (g de ração/g de peso). No período inicial houve efeito quadrático do nível de proteína da dieta sobre peso corporal, ganho de peso e consumo alimentar, com máximo desempenho nos níveis de 30,2; 30,1; e 30,8 por cento, respectivamente. Efeito quadrático significativo foi observado no peso no 42º dia de idade, com pico máximo em 30,2 por cento de proteína bruta. Do nascimento ao 42º dia de idade, observou-se efeito quadrático do nível de proteína bruta sobre o ganho de peso e o consumo alimentar, com ponto de máximo para ganho de peso em 29,5 e maior consumo em 32,6 por cento de PB. Houve efeito linear significativo do nível protéico sobre a conversão alimentar. A exigência de proteína bruta para o máximo ganho de peso de codornas de corte em crescimento do nascimento ao 21º dia de idade foi estimada em 30,1 por cento e do nascimento ao 42º dia, em 29,4 por cento da dieta

Crude protein requirements for EV1 meat type quails were estimated using 288 quails of both sexes in a completely randomized experimental design with six crude protein levels (23, 25, 27, 29, 31 and 32 percent) and four replicates of 12 quails per experimental unit. The following traits were recorded in each experimental period (from hatch to 21 days and from hatch to 42 days of age): body weight (g), weight gain (g), feed intake (g), and feed:weight gain ratio. From hatch to 21 days of age quadratic effects of crude protein levels on live body weight, weight gain and feed intake were observed and maximum performances were estimated for quails fed 30.2; 30.1; and 30.8 percent crude protein diets, respectively. Quadratic effect of protein level on body weight at 42 days of age was significant and quails fed 30.2 percent crude protein diets showed maximum performance. Quails fed 29.5 and 32.6 percent crude protein diets from hatch to 42 days showed maximum weight gain and feed intake while feed:weight gain ratio was negative and linearly related to crude protein level of diet. Crude protein requirement for weight gain (male and female), from hatch to 21 days of age is estimated in 30.1 percent and from hatch to 42 days of age in 29.5 percent