ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: In an investigation of 92 female and 79 male cadavers persistent sciatic and axial arteries were identified and classified based on their origin and location. Sciatic arteries were observed to arise from a number of different arteries in 68 specimens: anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery (12 specimen); internal pudendal artery (1 specimen); posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery (44 specimens); anterior and posterior trunks as a double artery (4 specimens); superior gluteal artery (7 specimens). In addition, the sciatic arteries were observed to give the superior and inferior gluteal arteries (12 and 9 specimens respectively). It is of note that a persistent sciatic artery was observed to give the superior or inferior gluteal artery rather than the superior or inferior gluteal artery giving the persistent sciatic artery: a persistent sciatic artery was also observed to exist with the superior or inferior gluteal artery. This questions the general embryological origin of a persistent sciatic artery. The embryological origin of the proximal part of the axial artery and whether it forms the superior or inferior gluteal artery is discussed, together with the general arrangement of the internal iliac and femoral arterial systems. Presentation of the sciatic artery is also discussed with respect to existing embryological theories and from a new perspective. A number of embryological vascular anomalies are also discussed.
RESUMEN: En este studio se identificaron y clasificaron las arterias ciáticas y axiales persistentes según su origen y ubicación en 92 cadáveres femeninos y 79 masculinos, Se observó que las arterias ciáticas surgían de varias arterias diferentes en 68 especímenes: tronco anterior de la arteria ilíaca interna (12 especímenes); arteria pudenda interna (1 espécimen); tronco posterior de la arteria ilíaca interna (44 especímenes); troncos anterior y posterior como una arteria doble (4 especímenes); arteria glútea superior (7 especímenes). Además, se observó que las arterias ciáticas daban las arterias glúteas superior e inferior (12 y 9 especímenes respectivamente). Cabe señalar que se observó que una arteria ciática persistente daba lugar a la arteria glútea superior o inferior en lugar de que la arteria glútea superior o inferior diera lugar a la arteria ciática persistente: también se observó que existía una arteria ciática persistente con la arteria glútea superior o inferior. Esto cuestiona el origen embriológico general de una arteria ciática persistente. Se discute el origen embriológico de la parte proximal de la arteria axial y si forma la arteria glútea superior o inferior, junto con la disposición general de los sistemas arteriales ilíaco interno y femoral. También se observó desde una nueva perspectiva la presentación de la arteria ciática con respecto a las teorías embriológicas existentes. Además se discuten varias anomalías vasculares embriológicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Sciatica/blood , CadaverABSTRACT
Background and Aims:Fractures involving the neck and trochanter of the femur are very common. Internal fixation with implants for these fractures is important for rehabilitation and early mobilization of the patients. Depending upon the dimensions of the upper end of the femur, the implants are designed. Currently most of the orthopaedic surgeons need notifications in the dimensions of the implants that suit the Indian standards.This study is designed to find out whether there is any significant difference between right and left femur for the purpose of modelling orthopaedic implants as the femoral fractures are very important health burden in India. Materials and methods:This study done with 90 dry adult femur bones of both sides from the department of anatomy at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu. By using a coloured thread, axis of the neck of femur was determined. The thread divides the anterior surface of the neck into two equal halves. In the mid sagittal plane over the anterior surface, the axis of the shaft was marked using same thread.Then the angle between the neck and shaft is measured using the goniometer. The measurement was subjected to statistical analysis to evaluate the significance. Result:We observed that the mean neck shaft angle of the left side was 126.15±4.22 degrees and the mean value of the right side was 127.20±2.43 degrees.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to measure the version of femoral neck on dried Thai human femora. The version of femoral neck varies widely. It is important to know the version of femoral neck in a particular population to undertake successful femoral neck reconstructive surgery. Paired 216 dried femora of adult Thais from the bone collection maintained in the Department of Anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, were used to measure the version of femoral neck. The mean+SD femoral anteversion (FNA) was 16.21+5.24 degrees. The 95% confidence interval of FNA was from 15.48 to 16.94 degrees. The 95% confidence intervals of male and female average FNA were 14.75 to 16.90 and 15.59 to 17.59 degrees respectively. There was no significance difference of the FNA between males and females in both anteversion and retroversion groups. The average male FNA showed no statistical difference to average female anteversion. The 95% confidence intervals of males and females average retroversion were -8.22 to -4.80 and -7.71 to -4.47 degrees respectively. The average male retroversion showed no statistical difference to average female retroversion. The overall 95% confidence interval of femoral neck anteversion and retroversion were 15.48 to 16.94 degrees and -7.33 to -5.27 with no significant difference between males and females. These degrees of FNA must be considered when the femoral neck reconstructive surgery is planned.
El objetivo fue medir el cuello femoral en fémures humanos de tailandeses adultos. La versión del cuello femoral es muy variable. Es importante conocer la versión de cuello femoral en una población en particular para llevar a cabo con éxito una cirugía reconstructiva. Se utilizaron 216 fémures secos de adultos tailandeses obtenidos de la colección del Departamento de Anatomía de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Khon Kaen, Tailandia. La anteversión femoral (AFM) media+DE fue de 16,21±5,24. El intervalo de confianza del 95% de la AFM fue entre 15,48 a 16,94. El promedio de intervalos de confianza del 95% en hombres y mujeres fue desde 14,75 a 16,90 y 15,59 a 17,59, respectivamente. No hubo diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres en ambos grupos de anteversión y retroversión. La AFM promedio en hombres no mostró diferencia significativa con la anteversión media de las mujeres. Se observó un promedio de -8,22 a -4,80 y -7,71 a -4,47 en el 95% de los intervalos de confianza entre hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. La retroversión promedio en hombres no mostró ninguna diferencia significativa con la retroversión media en las mujeres. Estos grados de AFM deben ser considerados en la planificación de una cirugía reconstructiva del cuello femoral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Femur Neck/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Confidence Intervals , Femur/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of gossypol acetate on the morphological features and the gene expression in the femoral head of Sprague-Dawley rat in vivo after treated with dexamethasone .Methods Dexamethasone(Dex) was injected into the abdominal cavity of SD rats at an dose of 10 mg/kg ,twice a week ,and feed gossypol acetate 5 mg · kg -1 · d-1 .The controls re-ceived saline 2 mL injection .The treatment lasted for 12 and 20 weeks .The slices of the femoral head were made for HE and immu-nohistochemical study .The total mRNA was extracted for RT-PCR assessment .Results The cancellous bone trabecular became sparse ,trabecular bone area ratio decreased ,bone marrow fat tissue increased .These changes were fitted for pathological character of bone necrosis .The gossypol acetate could not affect the pathological changes .The proportion of the positive stained osteoblasts increased ,adipocytes decreased .PPARγ,C/EBPα,11β-HSD1 expression enhanced ,Runx2 down regulated in the treatment groups and GAA group .Conclusion Dex can induce evident pathological changes conform to the characters of femoral head necrosis .They may have closed correlation between 11β-HSD1 and the gene expression .But GAA could not affected the pathological changes and abnormality of the gene expression .