Acondroplasia severa con retraso del desarrollo y acantosis nigricans (SADDAN) / Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN)

RESUMEN La acondroplasia severa con retraso del desarrollo y acantosis nigricans (SADDAN) es una rara y letal displasia esquelética. Presentamos el primer caso detectado en Perú, en un infante de 13 meses con características fenotípicas de macrocefalia relativa, tórax estrecho, extremidades micromélicas y piel en acordeón; asimismo, un marcado retraso del desarrollo psicomotor en todos los hitos (prueba peruana) y acantosis nigricans. El paciente tuvo mala evolución clínica caracterizada por crisis convulsivas recurrentes, dificultad respiratoria progresiva, y falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria concomitante a neumonía. Esta entidad requiere del acceso a exámenes específicos como el panel de displasias esqueléticas, la cual no es parte de la oferta en la mayoría de los hospitales del Perú. Se requiere una mayor atención las enfermedades raras, a fin de proveer diagnósticos e información oportuna a los involucrados.

ABSTRACT Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN) is a rare and lethal skeletal dysplasia. We present the first case detected in Peru, in a 13-month-old infant with phenotypic characteristics of relative macrocephaly, narrow thorax, micromelic extremities and accordion skin; likewise, a marked delay in psychomotor development in all milestones (Peruvian test), and acanthosis nigricans. The patient had a poor clinical evolution characterized by recurrent seizures, progressive respiratory difficulty, dying from respiratory failure concomitant to pneumonia. This entity requires access to specific exams such as the skeletal dysplasia panel, which is not part of the offering in most hospitals in Peru. Greater attention is required for rare diseases, to provide timely diagnoses and information to those involved.

Application value of bone cement containing rhbFGF and RHBMP-2 in PKP treatment of osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of bone cement containing recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF).@*METHODS@#A total of 103 OVCF patients who underwent PKP from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 40 males and 63 females, aged from 61 to 78 years old with an average of (65.72±3.29) years old. The injury mechanism included slipping 33 patients, falling 42 patients, and lifting injury 28 patients. The patients were divided into three groups according to the filling of bone cement. Calcium phosphate consisted of 34 patients, aged(65.1±3.3) years old, 14 males and 20 females, who were filled with calcium phosphate bone cement. rhBMP-2 consisted of 34 patients, aged (64.8±3.2) years old, 12 males and 22 females, who were filled with bone cement containing rhBMP-2. And rhbFGF+rhBMP-2 consisted of 35 patients, aged (65.1±3.6) years old, 14 males and 21 females, who were filled with bone cement containing rhbFGF and rhBMP-2. Oswestry disability index (ODI), bone mineral density, anterior edge loss height, anterior edge compression rate of injured vertebra, visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, and the incidence of refracture were compared between groups.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed for 12 months. Postoperative ODI and VAS score of the three groups decreased (P<0.001), while bone mineral density increased (P<0.001), anterior edge loss height, anterior edge compression rate of injured vertebra decreased first and then slowly increased (P<0.001). ODI and VAS of group calcium phosphate after 1 months, 6 months, 12 months were lower than that of rhBMP-2 and group rhbFGF+rhBMP-2(P<0.05), bone mineral density after 6 months, 12 months was higher than that of rhBMP-2 and group calcium phosphate(P<0.05), and anterior edge loss height, anterior edge compression rate of injured vertebra of group rhbFGF+rhBMP-2 after 6 months and 12 months were lower than that of group rhBMP-2 and group calcium phosphate(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of re-fracture among the three groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Bone cement containing rhbFGF and rhBMP-2 could more effectively increase bone mineral density in patients with OVCF, obtain satisfactory clinical and radiological effects after operation, and significantly improve clinical symptoms.

Clinical value of serum vitamin A and basic fibroblast growth factor levels in predicting retinopathy of prematurity / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the clinical value of serum vitamin A(Vit A)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)levels predicting retinopathy of prematurity(ROP).METHODS: Prospective cohort studies. A total of 411 premature or low birth weight infants with gestational age less than 37 wk or birth weight less than 2 500 g who were delivered in Hainan Branch, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as subjects. The Vit A and bFGF levels in peripheral blood were detected at 7 d and 35 d after birth, respectively.RESULTS: A total of 392 premature infants or low birth weight infants completed clinical study, including 51 cases in stage 1-2 ROP group, 23 cases in stage 3-5 ROP group and 318 cases in the group without ROP. At 7 d postnatal, the serum Vit A(0.44±0.17 μmol/L)and bFGF(0.53±0.16 ng/L)levels in stage 1-2 ROP group were lower than those in the group without ROP(0.50±0.12 μmol/L and 0.63±0.15 ng/L; all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The serum Vit A(0.34±0.18 μmol/L)and bFGF(0.44±0.18 ng/L)levels in stage 3-5 ROP group were lower than those in the group without ROP(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). The serum Vit A and bFGF levels in stage 3-5 ROP group were lower than those in stage 1-2 ROP group(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). At 35d postnatal, the serum Vit A(0.33±0.19 μmol/L)and bFGF(0.39±0.19 ng/L)levels in stage 3-5 ROP group were lower than those in stage 1-2 ROP group(0.43±0.16 μmol/L and 0.48±0.17 ng/L; all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). According to the ROC curve drawn by serum Vit A, the AUC value was 0.853, the maximum Youden index was 0.68, the best sensitivity was 73%, and the best specificity was 95%. According to the ROC curve drawn by serum bFGF, the AUC value was 0.828, the maximum Youden index was 0.58, the best sensitivity was 90%, and the best specificity was 68%. According to the ROC curve drawn by serum Vit A combined with bFGF, the AUC value was 0.917, the maximum Youden index was 0.70, the best sensitivity was 70%, and the best specificity was 100%.CONCLUSION: Serum Vit A and bFGF levels are sensitive and effective indicators for predicting ROP. If the serum Vit A or bFGF levels are lower in premature infants or low birth weight infants, it may indicate the higher probability of ROP and its pathological stages. In addition, the clinica value of serum Vit A combined with bFGF in the diagnosis of ROP is higher than that of Vit A or bFGF alone, and the misdiagnosis rate is reduced.

Effects of the preoperative use of artificial tears combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor on cataract patients complicated with dry eyes / Efeitos do uso pré-operatório de lágrimas artificiais combinadas com fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos

ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effects of the preoperative application of artificial tears combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor on the ocular surface function and inflammatory factor levels after operation in cataract patients complicated with dry eyes. Methods: A total of 118 cataract patients (118 eyes) complicated with dry eyes treated from February 2019 to February2020 were assigned to control and observation groups (n=59 eyes/group) using a random number table. One week before the operation, the control group was administered 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops (artificial tears), based on which the observation group received Beifushu eye drops (recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor), both 6 times daily for 1 week. A comparison was made between the scores of clinical symptoms and the indices of ocular surface function, inflammatory factors in tears, and oxidative stress indices before and after the operation. The ocular surface function was evaluated by an ocular surface disease index questionnaire, tear film breakup-time assay, Schirmer's I test, and corneal fluorescein stain test. The inflammatory factors in tears were measured. Results: No significant differences were noted in the general data and clinical symptom score, ocular surface disease index, tear film breakup-time, Schirmer's I test score, fluorescein stain score, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxide, and total antioxidant capacity before treatment between the 2 groups (p>0.05). After treatment, the clinical symptom score, ocular surface disease index, fluorescein stain score, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, malondial-dehyde and lipid peroxide declined significantly, and tear film breakup-time, Schirmer's I test score, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity increased in both the groups. The improvements in the clinical symptom score as well as in the indices of ocular surface function, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress were more prominent in the observation group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Artificial tears combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor before operation. significantly improved the ocular surface function, reduced inflammatory factors in tears, and alleviated dry eye symptoms after operation in cataract patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da aplicação pré-operatória de lágrimas artificiais combinadas com o fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes na função da superfície ocular e níveis de fator inflamatório após cirurgia em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos. Métodos: Um total de 118 pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos (118 olhos), tratados entre fevereiro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, foram divididos em grupos de controle e de observação (n=59, 59 olhos) usando uma tabela de números aleatórios. Uma semana antes da cirurgia, o grupo controle recebeu colírio de hialuronato de sódio a 0,1% (lágrimas artificiais), enquanto o grupo de observação recebeu colírio Beifushu (fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes), ambos, seis vezes ao dia, por uma semana. Antes do tratamento e um mês após a cirurgia, os escores de sintomas clínicos, índices de função da superfície ocular, níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas e índices de estresse oxidativo foram comparados. A função da superfície ocular foi avaliada pelo questionário do índice de doença da superfície ocular, ensaio de tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste I de Schirmer e teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea. Os níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas foram medidos. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas nos dados gerais e no escore de sintomas clínicos, índice de doença da superfície ocular, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, escore do teste I de Schirmer, pontuação do teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, peróxido lipídico e capacidade antioxidante total antes do tratamento entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). Após o tratamento, o escore de sintomas clínicos, índice de doença da superfície ocular, escore do teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, interleucina-6, malondialdeído e peróxido lipídico diminuíram significativamente, e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, escore do teste I de Schirmer, superóxido dismutase e a capacidade antioxidante total aumentou em ambos os grupos. As melhorias no escore de sintomas clínicos, bem como os índices de função da superfície ocular, fatores inflamatórios e estresse oxidativo foram mais proeminentes no grupo de observação do que no grupo controle (p<0,05). Conclusões: Lágrimas artificiais combinadas com fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos recombinantes antes da cirurgia melhoram notavelmente a função da superfície ocular, diminuem os níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas e aliviam os sintomas de olho seco após a cirurgia em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos.

Primer caso de displasia tanatofórica tipo 1 en los andes peruanos con variante patogénica en el gen FGFR-3 / First case of thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 in the peruvian andes with pathogenic variant in the FGFR3 gene

RESUMEN La displasia tanatofórica tipo 1 es una forma de displasia esquelética letal, se caracteriza por desproporciones del esqueleto axial-apendicular además de talla baja, macrocefalia, prominencia frontal, tórax estrecho, arqueamiento femoral y micromelia. Dichas características fenotípicas son el resultado de variantes patogénicas en el gen del receptor 3 del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos (FGFR-3), localizada en el cromosoma 4p16.3 Para su estudio la ecografía obstétrica, el examen físico y los hallazgos radiográficos son importantes. Sin embargo, se debe confirmar el diagnóstico mediante estudio genético a fin de descubrir variantes o asociaciones nuevas, así como dar a conocer su casuística real en una determinada región.

ABSTRACT Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 is a form of lethal skeletal dysplasia, characterized by disproportions of the axial-appendicular skeleton in addition to short stature, macrocephaly, frontal prominence, narrow chest, femoral bowing, and micromelia. These phenotypic characteristics are the result of pathogenic variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR-3), located on chromosome 4p16.3. For its study, obstetric ultrasound, physical examination, and radiographic findings are important. However, the diagnosis must be confirmed by genetic study in order to discover new variants or associations, as well as to make known its real casuistry in a given region.

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on serum Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in children with idiopathic short stature / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the changes in the serum levels of Klotho, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in children with idiopathic short stature (ISS) before and after recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, as well as the correlation of Klotho and FGF23 with the growth hormone (GH)/IGF-1 growth axis in these children.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was conducted on 33 children who were diagnosed with ISS in the Department of Pediatrics, Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, from March 10, 2021 to December 1, 2022 (ISS group). Twenty-nine healthy children, matched for age and sex, who attended the Department of Child Healthcare during the same period, were enrolled as the healthy control group. The children in the ISS group were treated with rhGH, and the serum levels of Klotho, FGF23, and IGF-1 were measured before treatment and after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment. A correlation analysis was conducted on these indexes.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in the serum levels of IGF-1, Klotho, and FGF23 between the ISS and healthy control groups (P>0.05). The serum levels of Klotho, FGF23, and IGF-1 increased significantly in the ISS group after 3, 6, and 9 months of rhGH treatment (P<0.05). In the ISS group, Klotho and FGF23 levels were positively correlated with the phosphate level before treatment (P<0.05). Before treatment and after 3, 6, and 9 months of rhGH treatment, the Klotho level was positively correlated with the IGF-1 level (P<0.05), the FGF23 level was positively correlated with the IGF-1 level (P<0.05), and the Klotho level was positively correlated with the FGF23 level (P<0.05), while Klotho and FGF23 levels were not correlated with the height standard deviation of point (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The rhGH treatment can upregulate the levels of Klotho, FGF23, and IGF-1 and realize the catch-up growth in children with ISS. Klotho and FGF23 may not directly promote the linear growth of children with ISS, but may have indirect effects through the pathways such as IGF-1 and phosphate metabolism. The consistent changes in Klotho, FGF23 and IGF-1 levels show that there is a synergistic relationship among them in regulating the linear growth of ISS children.

Effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in neural differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the combination of bFGF and EGF in the neural differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in this process.@*METHODS@#The identified 4th-generation hBMSCs were divided into five groups according to different induction conditions, namely control group (group A), EGF induction group (group B), bFGF induction group (group C), EGF and bFGF combined induction group (group D), and EGF, bFGF, and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1) combined induction group (group E). After 7 days of continuous induction, the cell morphology was observed by inverted fluorescence phase contrast microscopy, levels of genes that were related to neural cells [Nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)] and key components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (β-catenin and Cyclin D1) were detected by RT-PCR, and the levels of proteins that were related to neural cells (Nestin and GFAP) as well as genes that were involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway [β-catenin, phosphorylation β-catenin (P-β-catenin), Cytoplasmic β-catenin, and Nuclear β-catenin] were explored by cellular immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#When compared to groups A and B, the typical neuro-like cell changes were observed in groups C-E, and most obviously in group D. RT-PCR showed that the relative expressions of Nestin, NSE, and MAP-2 genes in groups C-E, the relative expressions of GFAP gene in groups D and E, the relative expression of NSE gene in group B, the relative expressions of β-catenin gene in groups C and D, and the relative expressions of Cyclin D1 gene in groups B-D significantly increased when compared with group A ( P<0.05). Compared with group E, the relative expressions of Nestin, NSE, MAP-2, GFAP, β-catenin, and CyclinD1 genes significantly increased in group D ( P<0.05); compared with group C, the relative expression of Nestin gene in group D significantly decreased ( P<0.05), while NSE, MAP-2, and GFAP genes significantly increased ( P<0.05). The cellular immunofluorescence staining showed that the ratio of NSE- and GFAP-positive cells significantly increased in groups C-E than in group A, in group D than in groups C and E ( P<0.05). Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of NSE protein was significantly higher in groups C and D than in group A and in group D than in groups C and E ( P<0.05). In addition, the relative expression of GFAP protein was significantly higher in groups C-E than in group A and in group D than in group E ( P<0.05). Besides, the relative expressions of β-catenin, Cytoplasmic β-catenin, Nuclear β-catenin, and the ratio of Nuclear β-catenin to Cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in groups C and D than in group A and in group D than in group E ( P<0.05), whereas the relative expression of P-β-catenin protein was significantly lower in groups C and D than in group A and in group D than in group E ( P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Different from EGF, bFGF can induce neural differentiation of hBMSCs. In addition, EGF can enhance the hBMSCs neural differentiation of bFGF, while the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a positive regulatory role in these processes.

Research progress of fibroblast growth factor in nervous system diseases / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a group of structurally related polypeptides which constitute an elaborate signaling system with their receptors. Evidence accumulated in the years suggests that the FGF family plays a key role in the repair of central nervous system injury. The main protective mechanisms include activating the expression of PI3K-Akt, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and other signals; inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neuronal differentiation and neuronal excitability as well as participating in protection of neurovascular units and nerve function repair. This paper comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in FGF signaling related to diseases of the central nervous system such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and depression, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for the development of innovative FGF drugs for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.

Effect of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 on the mineralization of cementoblasts and its related mechanism / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (rhFGF21) on the proliferation and mineralization of cementoblasts and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Hematoxylin eosin, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression and distribution of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in rat periodontal tissues and cementoblasts (OCCM-30), separately. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the proliferation of OCCM-30 under treatment with rhFGF21. Alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red staining were used to detect the mineralization state of OCCM-30 after 3 and 7 days of mineralization induction. The transcription and protein expression of the osteogenic-related genes Runx2 and Osterix were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. The expression levels of genes of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in OCCM-30 were detected through PCR array analysis.@*RESULTS@#FGF21 was expressed in rat periodontal tissues and OCCM-30. Although rhFGF21 had no significant effect on the proliferation of OCCM-30, treatment with 50 ng/mL rhFGF21 could promote the mineralization of OCCM-30 cells after 7 days of mineralization induction. The transcriptional levels of Runx2 and Osterix increased significantly at 3 days of mineralization induction and decreased at 5 days of mineralization induction. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression levels of Runx2 and Osterix increased during mineralization induction. rhFGF21 up-regulated Bmpr1b protein expression in cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#rhFGF21 can promote the mineralization ability of OCCM-30. This effect is related to the activation of the TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway.

Relationship between expression of chemokine receptor 2 and basic fibroblast growth factor in aqueous humor and prognosis of trabeculectomy in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the levels of chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in aqueous humor and the prognosis of trabeculectomy in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(APACG).METHODS: A total of 80 cases(80 eyes)APACG patients who underwent trabeculectomy in our hospital from June 2020 to January 2022 were collected in the case group. According to the postoperative efficacy, they were grouped into a success group of 60 cases(60 eyes)and a failure group of 20 cases(20 eyes). Another 86 cataract patients(86 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification with normal intraocular pressure in our hospital during the same period were included in the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect the levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in aqueous humor. ROC curve was applied to analyze the value of predicting trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients by the levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in aqueous humor. Furthermore, multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients.RESULTS: The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of the case group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P&#x003C;0.05). The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of the failed group and the proportion of patients with postoperative shallow anterior chamber were significantly higher than those of the successful group(P&#x003C;0.05). The AUC for predicting trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients using CXCR2 and bFGF levels alone and in combination was 0.885, 0.883 and 0.953, respectively. CXCR2 and bFGF were independent risk factors for trabeculectomy failure in APACG patients(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: The levels of CXCR2 and bFGF in the aqueous humor of APACG patients are obviously elevated, and both are risk factors for trabeculectomy failure.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) attenuates tacrolimus-induced hepatic lipid accumulation through transcription factor EB (TFEB)-regulated lipophagy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Tacrolimus (TAC), also called FK506, is one of the classical immunosuppressants to prevent allograft rejection after liver transplantation. However, it has been proved to be associated with post-transplant hyperlipemia. The mechanism behind this is unknown, and it is urgent to explore preventive strategies for hyperlipemia after transplantation. Therefore, we established a hyperlipemia mouse model to investigate the mechanism, by injecting TAC intraperitoneally for eight weeks. After TAC treatment, the mice developed hyperlipemia (manifested as elevated triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)). Accumulation of lipid droplets was observed in the liver. In addition to lipid accumulation, TAC induced inhibition of the autophagy-lysosome pathway (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B) II/I and LC3B II/actin ratios, transcription factor EB (TFEB), protein 62 (P62), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)) and downregulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in vivo. Overexpression of FGF21 may reverse TAC-induced TG accumulation. In this mouse model, the recombinant FGF21 protein ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation and hyperlipemia through repair of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. We conclude that TAC downregulates FGF21 and thus exacerbates lipid accumulation by impairing the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Recombinant FGF21 protein treatment could therefore reverse TAC-caused lipid accumulation and hypertriglyceridemia by enhancing autophagy.

Endogenous FGF21 attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in penumbra after delayed recanalization in MCAO rats through FGFR1/PI3K/Akt pathway / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Restoration of blood circulation within "time window" is the principal treating goal for treating acute ischemic stroke. Previous studies revealed that delayed recanalization might cause serious ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, plenty of evidences showed delayed recanalization improved neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. This study aims to explore the role of delayed recanalization on blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the penumbra (surrounding ischemic core) and neurological outcomes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).@*METHODS@#Recanalization was performed on the 3rd day after MCAO. BBB disruption was tested by Western blotting, Evans blue dye, and immunofluorescence staining. Infarct volume and neurological outcomes were evaluated on the 7th day after MCAO. The expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and serine/threonine kinase (Akt) in the penumbra were observed by immunofluorescence staining and/or Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#The extraversion of Evans blue, IgG, and albumin increased surrounding ischemic core after MCAO, but significantly decreased after recanalization. The expression of Claudin-5, Occludin, and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) decreased surrounding ischemic core after MCAO, but significantly increased after recanalization. Infarct volume reduced and neurological outcomes improved following recanalization (on the 7th day after MCAO). The expressions of Claudin-5, Occludin, and ZO-1 decreased surrounding ischemic core following MCAO, which were up-regulated corresponding to the increases of FGF21, p-FGFR1, PI3K, and p-Akt after recanalization. Intra-cerebroventricular injection of FGFR1 inhibitor SU5402 down-regulated the expression of PI3K, p-Akt, Occludin, Claudin-5, and ZO-1 in the penumbra, which weakened the beneficial effects of recanalization on neurological outcomes after MCAO.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Delayed recanalization on the 3rd day after MCAO increases endogenous FGF21 in the penumbra and activates FGFR1/PI3K/Akt pathway, which attenuates BBB disruption in the penumbra and improves neurobehavior in MCAO rats.

Value of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 in diagnosis of hypophosphatemic rickets in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in the diagnosis of hypophosphatemic rickets in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 28 children who were diagnosed with hypophosphatemic rickets in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2016 to June 2021 were included as the rickets group. Forty healthy children, matched for sex and age, who attended the Department of Child Healthcare of the hospital were included as the healthy control group. The serum level of FGF23 was compared between the two groups, and the correlations of the serum FGF23 level with clinical characteristics and laboratory test results were analyzed. The value of serum FGF23 in the diagnosis of hypophosphatemic rickets was assessed.@*RESULTS@#The rickets group had a significantly higher serum level of FGF23 than the healthy control group (P<0.05). In the rickets group, the serum FGF23 level was positively correlated with the serum alkaline phosphatase level (rs=0.38, P<0.05) and was negatively correlated with maximum renal tubular phosphorus uptake/glomerular filtration rate (rs=-0.64, P<0.05), while it was not correlated with age, height Z-score, sex, and parathyroid hormone (P>0.05). Serum FGF23 had a sensitivity of 0.821, a specificity of 0.925, an optimal cut-off value of 55.77 pg/mL, and an area under the curve of 0.874 in the diagnosis of hypophosphatemic rickets (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Serum FGF23 is of valuable in the diagnosis of hypophosphatemic rickets in children, which providing a theoretical basis for early diagnosis of this disease in clinical practice.

Spinal Stenosis and Thoracolumbar Kyphosis in Achondroplasia / 罕见病研究

Achondroplasia (ACH) is a rare autosomal-dominant genetic disease resulting from a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gene. It is characterized by asymmetric short stature. Spinal stenosis and thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) are common findings in ACH patients. Severe TLK can exacerbate spinal stenosis, leading to neurological complications. This paper provides a brief review of the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and treatments for spinal stenosis and TLK in ACH patients. Recently, three new drugs targeting FGFR3; vosoritide, recifercept, and infigratinib, have completed or are undergoing clinical trials. They have shown promising preliminary results in preventing spinal stenosis and TLK.

Association between KLB gene and susceptibility to sarcopenia among the elderly / 预防医学

Objective@#To examine the associations of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), its co-receptor KLB gene and its receptor FGFR4 with susceptibility to sarcopenia, so as to provide insights into elucidation of sarcopenia pathogenesis and formulation of precision interventions for sarcopenia.@*Methods@#A case-control study was conducted. Patients with sarcopenia at ages of 60 years and older included in the Zhejiang Provincial Elderly Health Surveillance Cohorts were selected as the sarcopenia group, and normal residents at ages of 60 years and older were served as controls. Subjects' demographics were collected using questionnaire surveys, and the height, body weight, appendicular skeletal muscle mass and grip strength were measured. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples for multiplex PCR targeted capture. The associations between the KLB gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to sarcopenia were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. @*Results@#There were 200 cases in the sarcopenia group, including 91 men and 109 women, and 180 cases in the control group, including 70 men and 110 women. All SNPs satisfied the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the minor allele frequencies were all > 0.05. There were no significant differences in the distribution of SNPs between the sarcopenia and control groups (all P>0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the SNP rs2687968 locus in the KLB gene was significantly associated with the susceptibility to sarcopenia among the elderly men (superdominant model), and individuals carrying the AC allele had a 2.332-fold higher risk of sarcopenia than those carrying the AA/CC allele (95%CI: 1.882-3.313). @*Conclusions@#KLB gene may correlate with the susceptibility to sarcopenia among the elderly men.

Effects and related mechanisms of histone deacetylase inhibitors on the proliferation of choroidal melanoma C918 cell line / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To elucidate the effect of histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA)on the proliferation of choroidal melanoma(CM)cell line C918 and to explore the related mechanism.METHODS: Inverted fluorescence microscope was used to observe the effect of different concentrations of SAHA(0.625, 1.25 or 2.5 μmol/L)on the morphology of C918 cell. The cell viability was detected by cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8)assay. Plate clone formation assay and EdU staining were carried out to measure the effect of SAHA on the cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the expressions of cell proliferation-related proteins including c-Myc, CyclinA2 and CDK2, and histone deacetylase 7(HDAC7)and fibroblast growth factor 18(FGF18)were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the cell density was reduced in SAHA. SAHA could also promote cell shrinkage, and the inhibition on cell was in a concentration-dependent manner. CCK-8 assay showed that SAHA treatment decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibition rate was 80% when SAHA at 2.5 μmol/L. Compared with the control group, Western blot showed that SAHA could suppress the expression of cell proliferation proteins including c-Myc, CyclinA2 and CDK2 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 1.25 μmol/L SAHA significantly decreased the numbers of EdU staining positive cells and cell clones. More importantly, SAHA could dose-dependently decrease the expression of HDAC7 and FGF18 compared with control group.CONCLUSION: SAHA could inhibit the proliferation of CM cell line C918 by inhibiting the HDAC7/FGF18 signaling pathway.

Research Progress of β-Klotho in Energy Metabolism and Tumor Development / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

β-Klotho (KLB) is a member of the Klotho protein family, which is mainly distributed in organs and tissues such as the liver, fat, pancreas, and brain. KLB is a single-pass transmembrane protein whose structural characteristics determine that KLB acts as a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19/21 targeting the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFRs). KLB is involved in the regulation of blood glucose, lipids, body weight, bile acid circulation, and hepatocyte proliferation in the FGF21/19-KLB-FGFRs pathway. This paperwill review the structural characteristics and distribution of KLB, as well as the regulatory mechanism of material energy and its role in tumor formation in the FGF19/21-KLB-FGFRs pathways.

bFGF and IGF-1 promotes differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells and its related mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To elucidate the biological effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) and basic fibro-blast growth factor (bFGF) alone or in combination on the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs), and to explore the mechanism in the differentiation process of BMSCs into CMs induced by IGF-1 or bFGF. Methods After four weeks of BMSCs induced by induction differentiation medium ( with or without LY294002) containing IGF-1 and/or bFGF, the expression levels of proteins associated with the cardiomyogenic phenotype in BMSCs were detected via immunocytochemistry, immuno-fluorescence staining, and Western blot. Meanwhile, the expression levels of pathway related proteins were detected by Western blot. The cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . The expression levels of myocardial specific genes were measured via RT-qPCR. Results Compared with the control group, the expression levels of myocardial specific proteins and genes significantly increased in the IGF-1, bFGF and combination groups and were the highest in the coinduction group. The TEM of the conduction group showed parallel myofilaments, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and so on. The additon of LY294002 decreased the expression levels of myocardial specific proteins, genes and phosphorylation Akt. Conclusions The effect of IGF-1 combined with bFGF on the differentiation of BMSCs into CMs is markedly better than that induced by IGF-1 or bFGF a-lone, and the differentiation process may depend on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

The value of fibroblast growth factor 2 and microRNA-206 in predicting postoperative delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the value of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and microRNA-206 (miR-206) in predicting postoperative delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures.Methods:The clinical data of 136 patients who underwent closed tibial shaft fracture surgery in Hospital of the 80 th Group Army of Chinese People's Liberation Army Ground Forces from May 2018 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-six patients who had delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures were included in the observation group, and fifty patients who had normal union of closed tibial shaft fractures were included in the control group. Serum FGF-2 level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum miR-206 expression was detected using the real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between FGF-2 expression and miR-206 expression and closed tibial shaft fractures was analyzed. Results:At 1 day, 1, and 4 weeks after surgery, serum FGF-2 level was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group [(14.24 ± 2.15) ng/L vs. (20.36 ± 3.42) ng/L, (21.38 ± 3.27) ng/L vs. (30.45 ± 4.29) ng/L, (23.59 ± 4.36) ng/L vs. (36.67 ± 4.51) ng/L, t = 7.42, 8.42, 16.66, all P < 0.001]. Serum FGF-2 level gradually increased with time in each group. At 1 day after surgery, serum miR-206 expression was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group ( t = 7.50, P < 0.001). At 4 weeks after surgery, serum miR-206 expression was significantly higher in the observation group than the control group ( t = 17.24, P < 0.001). At 1 week after surgery, there was no significant difference in serum miR-206 expression between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Univariate analysis results showed that postoperative infection, FGF-2, and miR-206 were closely related to the delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures after surgery (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that postoperative infection ( OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.20-3.07), FGF-2 ( OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.31-3.36), miR-206 ( OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.35-3.89) were independent risk factors for delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures after surgery (all P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves plotting serum FGF-2 level and serum miR-206 expression after closed tibial shaft fractures showed that at 4 weeks after surgery, the optimal cut-off value of FGF-2 for predicting delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures was 29.83 ng/L, with the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.76 (95% CI: 1.23-3.25), 79.34%, and 68.82%, respectively; at 4 weeks after surgery, the optimal cut-off value of miR-206 for predicting delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures was 0.63, with the area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of 0.72 (95% CI: 1.10-2.45), 75.33%, and 67.25%, respectively. The area under the curve, the sensitivity, and specificity of combined use of FGF-2 and miR-206 in predicting delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures were 0.81 (95% CI: 1.35-3.26), sensitivity and specificity were 83.45% and 67.36% respectively. Conclusion:The decrease in serum FGF-2 level and the increase in serum miR-206 expression at 4 weeks after surgery are independent risk factors for delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures. Combined use of FGF-2 and miR-206 can better predict the delayed union of closed tibial shaft fractures.

Efficacy of calcitriol combined with calcium receptor agonists in the treatment of chronic renal failure secondary hyperparathyroidism and its effect on serum β2-MG and FGF-23 / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy of calcitriol combined with calcium receptor agonist therapy in patients with chronic renal failure-secondary hyperparathyroidism (CRF-SHPT) and its serum β2-Effects of β2-microglobulin ( β2-MG) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) levels. Methods:A total of 86 patients with CRF-SHPT who were admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Mar. 2020 to Mar. 2022 were included. Triol treatment) , combined treatment group (43 cases, calcitriol + calcium receptor agonist treatment) , the treatment effect was evaluated, and the serum phosphorus (P 3-) , serum calcium (Ca 2+) , ,and serum levels were measured before and after treatment intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) , β2-MG, FGF-23 and renal function, blood lipid index levels, the occurrence of adverse reactions during the administration period, the measurement data were compared between groups using independent samples t test, count Comparison of data between groups was performed using the χ2 test. Results:The total effective rate (90.70%) in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (72.09%) ( χ2=4.91, P=0.027) ; the levels of P 3- and iPTH in the combined treatment group after treatment [ (220.16±23.76) ng/L, (1.22±0.14) mmol/L] were significantly lower than the control group [ (301.25±31.71) ng/L, (1.64±0.18) mmol/L], and the Ca 2+ level in the combined treatment group was significantly higher (2.59±0.41) mmol/L. Compared with the control group (2.26±0.34) mmol/L ( t=13.42, 12.08, 4.06, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.0000) , the serum levels of β2-MG and FGF-23 in the combined treatment group after treatment [ (34.67±4.12) mg/L, (71.36±8.05) ng/L] were significantly lower than the control group [ (40.36±4.87) mg/L, (78.97±8.73) ng/L] ( t=5.85, 4.20, P=0.000, 0.000) ; After treatment, the levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in the combined treatment group [ (1.51±0.19) mmol/L, (4.11±0.51) mmol/L] were significantly lower than those in the control group[ (1.74±0.24) mmol/L, (4.75±0.59) mmol/L] ( t=4.93, 5.38, P=0.000, 0.000) ; Serum creatinine (Scr) , blood urea nitrogen (blood urea) in the two groups after treatment. There was no significant change in nitrogen) levels ( P>0.05) ; there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the combined treatment group and the control group during the treatment period ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:The treatment of CRF-SHPT patients with calcitriol combined with calcium receptor agonists can effectively reduce the iPTH level, improve the calcium-phosphorus imbalance and lipid metabolism disorder, and down-regulate the serum FGF-23 and β2-MG levels without damaging renal function of the residual of the patients.