Clinical outcomes of immediate implantation and provisionalization combined with guided bone regeneration for a single anterior maxillary tooth with a thin facial bone phenotype / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To study the postoperative soft and hard tissue changes and aesthetic effect of immediate implantation and provisionalization (IIPP) combined with guided bone regeneration (GBR) for a single anterior maxillary tooth with a thin facial bone phenotype.@*Methods @# A total of 34 patients with thin facial bone (<1 mm) were categorized into two groups: a flapped GBR group and a flapless group. Tooth extraction and IIPP were conducted at the sites in both groups. Implant survival rates, dimensional changes in soft and hard tissues during the six- and twelve-month follow-ups, the pink esthetic score (PES) and patient satisfaction scores at the twelve-month follow-up were measured.@*Results @#The implant survival rates were 100% in both groups, and no complications occurred during the 12 months after surgery. The facial bone thickness remained over 2 mm on all measured sides, and the height of the facial bone crest remained at 1.39 mm at the 12-month follow-up in the flapped GBR group, while the facial bone thickness remained less than 2 mm on all measured sides, and the height of the facial bone crest remained at 1.03 mm at the 12-month follow-up in the flapless group. The absorption of facial bone at all measured sides in the flapped GBR group was greater than that in the flapless group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the dimensional changes of labial soft tissues during the six- and twelve-month follow-ups (P>0.05). The mean PES scores were 10.29 ± 2.34 for the flap GBR group and 10.12±1.78 for the flapless group (P = 0.807). The mean patient satisfaction scores were 8.65 ± 1.27 in the flapped GBR group and 8.76 ± 1.25 in the flapless group, and the patients in both of the groups were satisfied with the esthetic outcomes (P = 0.787). @*Conclusion @#IIPP combined with GBR might be a prospective treatment strategy for a single anterior maxillary tooth with a thin facial bone phenotype, but the esthetic risks should never be ignored.

Survival rate of dental implant placement by conventional or flapless surgery in controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review

Introduction: Dental implant may serve as a choice of treatment for replacement of missing tooth in diabetic patients with their well-controlled glycemic index. To minimize postoperative complications, dental surgical procedures comprises mainly two types, namely conventional and flapless surgery. Objective: The aim of this review is to find the survival rate of the dental implant when placed with either of the technique, that is, conventional or flapless in patients with controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus from published studies. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 studies were included from PubMed database related to the survival rate of dental implant placement by conventional or flapless surgery among patients with controlled diabetes mellitus. The cumulative mean of dental implant survival rate by conventional and flapless techniques calculated from included studies is 94.2% and 92.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The survival rate of dental implant placement by conventional and flapless techniques is similar. As few studies on flapless technique are available, therefore researchers in future should explore its advantages and disadvantages.

Flapless implant placement with digital 3D imaging and planning system in fully edentulous patient: A case report and 5-year follow-up / 대한치과보철학회지

One of the fastest growing segments of implant dentistry is the utilization of computed tomography (CT) scan data and treatment planning software in conjunction with guided surgery for implant reconstruction cases. Computer assisted planning systems and associated surgical templates have established a predictable, esthetic, functional technique for placing and restoring implants. Especially, a philosophy of restoratively driven implant placement has been generally adopted. Recently, a variety of commercial dental fields have released their scanning and fabricating protocols and methods for restorations. This process is still being investigated and developed for the most precise and predictable outcome. This case report describes a female patient who wanted dental implants in fully edentulous areas. Restoratively driven implant placements were performed with surgical guide and the patient was fully satisfied with the clinical results, and at 5-year post restorative follow-up assessment, both implant and prosthesis were proved clinical success.

Fluxo de trabalho para aplicação da técnica de cirurgia guiada em reabilitação total de maxila / Workflow for guided implant surgery (GIS) in full arch maxillary rehabilitation

A aplicação de um fluxo digital é um recurso cada vez mais utilizado na Implantodontia. A técnica de cirurgia guiada tem evoluído constantemente, acompanhando os avanços de hardwares e softwares aplicados na Odontologia, resultando no aumento da indicação e precisão dos guias cirúrgicos obtidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, através de um relato de caso clínico, demonstrar o fluxo de trabalho utilizado para aplicação da técnica de cirurgia guiada em reabilitação total de maxila, utilizando o software coDiagnostiX (Dental Wings, Chemnitz, Alemanha). Após as etapas de preparo pré-tomográfico, obtenção da digitalização de superfície, aquisições tomográficas e planejamento virtual, foram instalados seis implantes cone-morse (Neodent, Curitiba, Brasil), com a utilização de um guia cirúrgico obtido por impressão 3D. Após o período de osseointegração, foi instalada uma prótese fixa implantossuportada. O planejamento virtual em software específico, através da digitalização de superfície associada à tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), propõe um diagnóstico previsível, seguro e a possibilidade de oferecer maior segurança e precisão nas reabilitações com implantes osseointegrados.

The application of a digital workflow is an increasingly used resource in Implantology. The guided implant surgery (GIS) has constantly evolved, following the advances of hardware and software applied in Dentistry, resulting in an increase in the indication and precision of the surgical guides. The objective of this article is, through a clinical case report, to demonstrate a workflow used to apply guided surgery technique in full-arch maxillary rehabilitation using the coDiagnostiX software (Dental Wings, Chemnitz, Germany). After the pre-tomographic preparation, surface scanning, tomographic acquisitions and virtual planning, six morse taper implants (Neodent, Curitiba, Brazil) were placed using a surgical guide obtained by 3D printing. After a period of osseointegration, a implant supported fixed prosthesis was placed. The virtual planning in specific software, through surface scanning associated with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), proposes a predictable, safe diagnosis and the possibility of offering greater safety and precision in the rehabilitations with osseointegrated implants.

Accuracy of computer-guided surgery / La precisión de la cirugía guiada por ordenador

Dental implant fixation techniques are widely studied in order to reduce surgical morbidity. Computer-guided flapless surgery has been considered an efficient alternative that presents several advantages and some limitations. This technique allows the virtual planning and simulation of the prosthetic-surgical treatment that can help predict the difficulties and limitations in order to reduce possible errors. In addition to the prosthetic predictability, computer-guided surgery enhances accuracy and reduces surgical morbidity. Thus, the aim of this study was to report on a 7-year follow-up of immediately loaded implants inserted into an edentulous maxilla using virtual planning and flapless surgery.

Las técnicas de fijación del implante dental se estudian ampliamente para reducir la morbilidad quirúrgica. La cirugía sin flapless guiada por ordenador ha sido considerada como una alternativa eficiente con varias ventajas y algunas limitaciones. Esta técnica permite la planificación virtual y simulación del tratamiento protésico quirúrgico con la predicción de las dificultades y limitaciones para reducir posibles errores. Además de la previsibilidad de prótesis, la cirugía guiada por ordenador mejora la precisión y reduce la morbilidad quirúrgica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue reportar a 5 años de seguimiento de los implantes de carga inmediata insertados en un maxilar desdentado utilizando la planificación virtual y la cirugía sin colgajo. El presente caso prospectivo informó el éxito del tratamiento y destacó la importancia de la planificación, lo que justifica el costo de esta tecnología.

Flapless Surgery Followed by Immediate Loading of Implant: A Blissful Combination of New Era.

Esthetic challenges are inevitable during placement of the implant in the maxillary anterior region. This is because of the fact that tooth loss leads to bone resorption and collapse of gingival architecture, which eventually leads to compromise in esthetics and inadequacy of bone for implant placement. There are two established methods of implant placement. One method involves placement of the implant after reflecting the mucoperiosteal flap and another one without the flap. Conventionally, implants are allowed to osseointegrate for a period of 3-5 months before the commencement of prosthetic phase.1 However, nowadays, immediate loading of implants with the flapless approach is gaining popularity as the flapless approach is having a lot of merits. The successful placement of an implant for immediate loading and its provisional restoration requires the careful consideration of many clinical entities and treatment steps. It is critical to understand about the factors which can be controlled and which cannot be controlled. A flapless, immediate procedure when done successfully provides a viable treatment option for patients as it reduces treatment time and leads to enhanced esthetic outcomes. Our challenge is to provide this service without compromising the long-term result. This case report describes a simple procedure of replacing a missing tooth by flapless surgery followed by immediate loading of the implant.

Flapless versus open flap techniques of implant placement: A 15‑month follow‑up study.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of flapless and “open flap” techniques of implant placement on crestal bone height (CBH) around implants. Materials and Methods: This prospective study comprised of 32 implants placed in 16 subjects with a bilateral missing mandibular first molar. In each subject, one implant was placed with “flapless” and other using “open flap” technique. Radiographic assessment of CBH was carried out using standardized intraoral periapical radiograph of the site at baseline, 3 months, 9 months and 15 months after implant placement. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using STATA 11.0 statistical software. To determine the changes in CBH from baseline, at 3‑, 9‑, and 15‑month, repeated measures analysis of variance followed by post‑hoc Bonferroni was used for each of the two techniques for mesial and distal aspects separately. For both techniques, changes in CBH from baseline to 15 months were compared using an independent t‑test with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: For “flapless” technique, there was no statistically significant (P > 0.05) reduction of CBH in initial 9 months but was significant for the 9–15 months period while for “open flap” technique, statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction was observed up to 15 months. Comparison of both techniques showed significantly lesser reduction with “flapless” than “open flap” technique. The overall average crestal bone loss was 0.046 ± 0.008 mm on mesial aspect, 0.043 ± 0.012 mm on distal aspect with “flapless” technique and 1.48 ± 0.085 mm on mesial aspect, 1.42 ± 0.077 on distal aspect “open flap” technique. Conclusions: Both techniques showed a reduction in CBH with time but the flapless technique showed a lesser reduction. Therefore, the flapless technique can be considered as a better treatment approach for placement of implants, especially where adequate width and height of available bone are present.

Quando a satisfação autorrelatada do paciente com a prótese implantossuportada mandibular influencia na colocação de uma prótese total fixa na maxila: os benefícios do planejamento e colocação 3D baseados na TCFC e nos guias estereolitográficos – acompanhamento de dois anos e 11 meses / When the self-reported patient satisfaction with implant-supported mandibular denture influences on the use of implant-supported maxillary prostheses: the benefi ts of a 3-D implant planning and placement based on CBCT and stereolithographic guides – two year and 11-month follow-up

Este relato mostra um paciente de 72 anos de idade onde sua prótese total inferior sobre implantes motivou-a para usar uma prótese total fixa na maxila. Após os procedimentos de TCFC e protéticos no plano de tratamento, guias estereolitográficos foram construídos para uma colocação de implantes dentários sem levantamento de retalho. Cinco implantes foram colocados nas regiões 14, 13, 11, 22, e 24 com torque de inserção de 32 Ncm. A prótese total fixa definitiva foi entregue em até 48 horas. Após dois anos e 11 meses, não foram registradas complicações. Quando adequadamente indicada, a cirurgia virtual guiada tem se tornado uma realidade efetiva para pacientes idosos.

This case reports on a 72 years-old patient whose complete mandibular implant-supported prosthesis motivated her to use a fi xed appliance in the maxilla. After CBCT and prosthodontic procedures for treatment planning, stereolithographic guides were constructed for a flapless dental implant placement. Five implants were placed in the regions of 14, 13, 11, 22 and 24 with a 32 Ncm insertion torque. The final maxillary implant-supported prosthesis was delivered until 48 hours. After two years and 11 months, no complications were reported. When properly indicated, virtual guided surgery has become an effective possibility for elderly patients.

Um novo sistema simplificado para cirurgia virtual guiada com implantes dentários – relato de caso clínico com acompanhamento clínico e tomográfico de 11 meses / A new simplified system for virtual-guided dental implant surgery: a case report with clinical and tomographic 11-month follow-up

O objetivo deste relato foi analisar uma nova proposta de cirurgia assistida por computador, utilizando o planejamento virtual realizado através de imagens tomográficas computadorizadas e de um dispositivo posicionador de tubos (DPT). Uma paciente de 31 anos de idade apresentou-se com fratura do incisivo central superior esquerdo (21). Após o exame por tomografia computadorizada feixe cônico, no modelo de trabalho foi confeccionado um guia de poliuretano e acoplado um suporte tomográfico com três referências metálicas; em seguida, foi certificada a estabilidade deste guia tomográfico (GT) na arcada do paciente. Através do GT, imagens tomográficas foram captadas em ambiente tridimensional virtual computadorizado. O planejamento foi realizado no programa KEA-tech. Um implante cone-morse e um sistema específico de cirurgia guiada, ProssGuide (Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brasil), foram usados, um biomaterial foi colocado na região vestibular, e a paciente recebeu uma coroa provisória em resina acrílica. Novas imagens tomográficas foram geradas para comparação. A maior diferença observada foi no ângulo mesiodistal (1,91°), e a menor na medida vestibulolingual (0,01 mm). As outras medidas tiveram diferenças menores de 1 mm ou 1º. Considerando-se os limites do caso, os dados demonstraram a acurácia do programa computacional e da técnica. Entretanto, mais ensaios clínicos com amostras maiores devem ratificar os dados obtidos neste caso clínico.

The aim of this report was to analyze a new guided-surgery, computer assisted modality through virtual planning according CBCT images and a tube positioning device (TPD). A 31 years-old was referred with a fracture of the maxillary left central incisor (21) After CBCT examining, a stone dental model was made and a polyurethane guide attached to a tomographic support (GT) with three reference points, being its stability certified into the patient´s jaw. Then, CBCT images were made and captured in a virtual environment. Dental implant planning was made with the KEA-tech program. A cone-morse dental implant was inserted with an specific guided surgery hardware ProssGuide (Dabi Atlante, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brasil). After, a biomaterial was packed into the defect and the patient received an acrylic, provisional cemented crown. New CBCT images were made for comparison. The highest difference was seen at the mesiodistal angle (1.91°), and the lowest linear at the buccolingual aspect (0.01 mm). The other measurements were lower than 1 mm or 1º. Within the limits of this case, initial data revealed accuracy and safety of this computational software and technique. However, more clinical trials with large sample sizes are necessary to corroborate the findings of this clinical case.

Reabilitação de maxila edêntula com técnica cirúrgica guiada flapless em carga imediata / Rehabilitation of the edentulous maxillary arch using an immediate, surgically guided flapless technique – a case report

Este relato de caso demonstra o uso de um sistema de cirurgia guiada sem retalho para colocação de uma prótese em carga imediata. Uma paciente do gênero feminino, 38 anos de idade, compareceu à clínica com queixas estéticas e funcionais. Inicialmente, os dentes remanescentes na mandíbula foram extraídos e uma prótese implantossuportada foi instalada. Na maxila, após o enceramento diagnóstico, tomografias computadorizadas feixe cônico (TCFC) foram realizadas uma tomografia da paciente com o guia tomográfico em posição e um escaneamento apenas do guia. As imagens foram fundidas em um software específico, e o planejamento virtual foi realizado. Seis implantes de titânio com conexão cone-morse foram instalados (torque final 32 Ncm), conectados aos minipilares, e o processo de moldagem foi finalizado. A infraestrutura desenhada recebeu a prótese maxilar definitiva através de um processo de cimentação passiva (Panavia) dos cilindros de titânio, em carga imediata. Após três meses, foram realizados exames clínicos e uma nova radiografia panorâmica. A prótese foi removida e os implantes foram testados individualmente. Todos os implantes apresentaram-se osseointegrados, sem sinais e sintomas irreversíveis ou persistentes (dor, infecção, neuropatias, parestesia ou mobilidade) e sem evidência de radioluminescência peri-implantar. Dentro das limitações do caso e mediante indicação clínica adequada, a técnica de carga imediata com cirurgia sem retalho fornece excelentes resultados estéticos, reduzindo o tempo cirúrgico e os sintomas pós-operatórios, ao mesmo tempo em que preserva maior quantidade de tecido.

This case report demonstrates the use of flapless guided surgery for immediate implant placement and loading. A female, 38 years-old patient was referred with claims of poor esthetics and function. First, all remaining mandibular teeth were extracted and an implant-supported prosthesis delivered. For the maxillary arch, CBCTs were made based on the diagnostic wax-up, with and without the tomographic guide. Images were superimposed with the aid of an specifi c software, and the virtual planning was made. Six cone-morse dental titanium implants (32 Ncm torque) were installed and connected to mini-abutments for impression procedures. The designed framework received the definative prosthesis through passive cementation (Panavia) using titanium cylinders under immediate loading. Latter, the prosthesis was removed and all implants tested individually, showing osseointegration and no signs of irreversible or persistent symptoms (pain, infection, neuropathies, paresthesia, or mobility) or peri-implant radiolucency were seen. Within the limits of this case and following adequate clinical indication, the fl apless guided surgery with immediate implant loading provided excellent esthetic results, shortening the surgical time and postoperative discomfort, while also allowing for more tissue preservation

Considerações clínicas no planejamento e instalação de implantes imediatos / Clinical considerations for immediate implant placement and treatment planning

As reabilitações implantossuportadas permitem o restabelecimento da função e da estética após perdas dentárias totais e parciais com previsibilidade e altas taxas de sucesso. A instalação de implantes imediatos com carga imediata, a fim de evitar as alterações dimensionais sofridas pelo osso alveolar e tecidos moles, após a extração dentária, apresenta algumas vantagens em relação à técnica convencional, como redução do número de procedimentos cirúrgicos, possível preservação do osso alveolar, redução de custos e do período de ausência dentária, além de maior aceitação por parte do paciente. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que implantes instalados em alvéolos frescos e com carga imediata apresentam uma taxa de sobrevivência entre 94,5% a 100%. No entanto, para que um resultado funcional e estético adequado seja obtido, é fundamental que seja realizado um planejamento preciso, lançando mão dos recursos de diagnóstico bi e tridimensionais disponíveis, para que fatores relacionados à qualidade e à quantidade óssea sejam avaliados...

Dental implant-supported restorations present predictability and high success rates in restoring function and esthetics. The immediate placement/loading of dental implants is considered an option to reduce the risk of dimensional changes due to alveolar bone resorption and soft tissue collapse following tooth extraction. Other advantages over the conventional technique are the reduced number of surgical procedures, possible alveolar bone preservation, reduced costs, shorter period for temporary crowns or bridges, and greater acceptance by the patient. Several studies have shown that implants placed in fresh sockets with immediate loading have a high survival rate between 94.5 to 100%. However, for achieving a functional and aesthetic result, adequate treatment planning is fundamental including clinical and two- and three-dimensional diagnostic approaches...

Cirurgia guiada sem retalho para implante unitário em região estética / Single-tooth, flapless-guided dental implant surgery in the esthetic zone

A cirurgia guiada sem retalho, associada a um planejamento computadorizado, realizada por meio de guia cirúrgico prototipado representa um dos grandes avanços da Implantodontia moderna, no sentido de melhorar a previsibilidade estético-funcional na colocação de implantes, proporcionando grande precisão no tratamento. Suas principais vantagens incluem a redução do tempo cirúrgico, maior preservação dos tecidos, diminuição dos sintomas pós-operatórios, como dor, edema e inflamação, permitindo uma cicatrização mais rápida. Portanto, essa técnica oferece ganho estético imediato, redução da morbidade do paciente, maior precisão cirúrgica, conforto ao paciente e segurança do profissional. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever cada etapa da técnica da cirurgia guiada sem retalho, ilustrado por um caso clínico com reabilitação unitária em área estética.

The computer-planned, flapless surgery along with a stereolithographic-guided dental implant placement represents one of the great achievements of contemporary Implant Dentistry to improve esthetics and precision. Its main advantages include chairside time reduction, more tissue preservation, less postoperative symptoms such as pain, edema, and inflammation, which allows for a faster healing process. Thus, there are immediate esthetic benefits, less patient morbidity, more patient comfort, and safety for the dental practitioner. The aim of this paper is to describe each surgical step in flapless-guided surgery through a clinical case of a single unit in the esthetic zone.

Cirurgia livre de retalho com função imediata associada ao planejamento computadorizado: relato de caso clínico / Flapless surgery with immediate loading associated to computerized planning: a case report

A cirurgia livre de retalho associada a um planejamento computadorizado proporciona grande precisão no tratamento, permitindo a confecção de próteses para serem instaladas no momento da cirurgia. As suas principais vantagens incluem menor sangramento, maior conforto, menor edema e recuperação mais acelerada no pós-operatório. Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir, através de um caso clínico, os passos para a elaboração deste tipo de reabilitação.

The flapless surgery associated to computerized planning provides great precision in the treatment, allowing the confection of the prosthesis to be installed in the moment of the surgery. It's main advantages includes minor bleed, greater comfort, smaller swelling and sped up recovery in the postoperative. The aim of this article is to discuss, through a clinical case, the steps related to the confection of this rehabilitation.