Establishment of influenza risk forecasting model by analytical flow chart method / 预防医学

Objective @#To apply analytical flow chart method to building a model for forecasting the risk of influenza and providing preventive measures.@*Methods @#Surveillance data of influenza in Zhoushan from 2015 to 2018 was collected. Analytical flow chart method was used to evaluate the real-time risk of influenza,which were stratified by the seasonality of influenza,the percentage of influenza-like patients （ILI%） and whether there were effective prevention and treatment measures. The trend-line,warning line and action line of the influenza in 2018 were fit and the risk grades of influenza forecast were defined,which were compared with the actual risk grands during the first 20 weeks in 2018,to evaluate the accuracy of influenza forecast index.@*Results @#Through the analysis of the flow chart,the influenza index was divided into six grades,very high risk（gradeⅠ,n=0）,high risk （gradeⅡ,n=14,ILI%=12.61%±7.54%）,relative high risk （gradeⅢ,n=16,ILI%=7.76%±3.53%）,general risk（gradeⅣ,n=57,ILI%=6.31%±2.26%）,relative low risk （gradeⅤ,n=32,ILI%=5.37%±1.96%）and low risk （grade Ⅵ,n=37,ILI%=4.30%±1.40%）. The concordance rate between the forecast risk and actual risk was 70.00% （14/20）.@*Conclusion @#This influenza forecasting model could well forecast the levels of influenza risk each week.

Cuerpo extraño incidental en tracto gastrointestinal: Reporte de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / Incidental foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract: Report of three cases and literature review

La ingestión de cuerpo extraño es una condición frecuente en los servicios de urgencias. Aunque la mayoría de los objetos son eliminados sin causar sintomatología, algunas veces producen manifestaciones según la localización y las características del mismo o pueden pasar desapercibidos y producir complicaciones severas que amenazan la vida del paciente. Se reportan tres casos de cuerpo extraño como hallazgo incidental durante endoscopia digestiva alta y se realiza una revisión de la epidemiología de esta condición, así como la variedad de presentaciones clínicas según el órgano comprometido, complicaciones secundarias y aproximaciones diagnósticas. Finalmente se propone un diagrama de flujo diagnóstico y terapéutico que unifica los propuestos en la literatura médica.

Foreign body ingestion is a common condition in the emergency department. Although most objects get away without symptoms, events occur depending of their location and characteristics or may go unnoticed and later cause severe complications that threaten the patient’s life. We report three cases of foreign bodies identified during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as an incidental finding and a review of the epidemiology of this condition, and the variety of clinical presentations depending on the organ involved, secondary complications and diagnostic approaches. Finally, we propose a flow chart diagnosis and treatment that unifies those proposed in the literature.

Effectiveness of a flow chart of medication for cancer pain treatment with controlled-release oxycodone tablets

<b>Purpose</b>: The effectiveness of a flow chart of medication for cancer pain treatment was investigated. This flow chart was developed at Sasebo Chuo Hospital, and calls for the early introduction of controlled-release oxycodone tablets in combination with prescribing of a rescue dose and agents to prevent adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. <b>Method</b>: The flow chart was used with a group of 29 patients (FC group), but not with a group of 35 patients (non-FC group). The rate of titration, which was adjustment of opioid dosage to achieve cancer pain control, and time required to achieve titration were compared between these two groups. <b>Results</b>: The titration rate of the FC group was 93.1% and that of the non-FC group was 80.0%. Medication was changed to another opioid for 4 patients in the non-FC group because of nausea and vomiting. The time required to achieve titration was 3.8±2.2 days in the FC group and 5.3±3.0 days in the non-FC group, and a significant difference was noted (<I>p</I>=0.048). <b>Conclusion</b>: The use of this flow chart with its early introduction of opioid controlled-release oxycodone tablets appears to be effective in achieving cancer pain control at an early stage.

Design of plasma sterilization equipment and process control using H2O2 in low temperature / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop the plasma sterilization using H2O2 in low temperature. Methods According to the principle of plasma sterilization, the working process of the plasma sterilization using H2O2 in low temperature and its flow chart were designed. The requirement for system design was summarized, on the basis of which the structure frame was built up. The station diagram of movement of the gates controlled by PLD was put out by analyzing the process of their moving. The MCU acted as the main controller of the whole system. The action flow chart of the MCU controlling the process of the system was also given out. Results The process control in plasma sterilization equipment using H2O2 in low temperature achieved the stable running and low cost. Conclusion It is proved that this plan is feasible in implementation.