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INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica es una respuesta exagerada del ovario a los tratamientos hormonales para estimular la formación de óvulos. OBJETIVO: Describir el caso clínico de una mujer con síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica; revisar el abordaje, manejo, tratamiento y cómo prevenirlo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenina de 37 años, multigesta, en tratamiento con metformina por Síndrome de ovario poliquístico , que presenta infertilidad secundaria a factor tubárico, que desarrolló un cuadro moderado de síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica como consecuencia de la aplicación de las técnicas de fertilización in vitro (Folitropina alfa humana recombinante (GONAL-F®) y Cetrolerelix (CETROTIDE®); al cuarto día del procedimiento de aspiración folicular presenta dolor pélvico intenso, disuria, deposiciones diarreicas, ecografía abdominal y vaginal evidencia líquido libre en cavidad alrededor de 1000cc, además de ovarios tanto derecho e izquierdo con volumen de 102 mL y 189 mL respectivamente. Paciente es ingresada para realizar tratamiento hidratación parenteral, Enoxaparina 40mg subcutánea, Cabergolina 0.5mg vía oral, alta a las 72 horas. DISCUSIÓN: Las claves para la prevención del síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica son la experiencia con la terapia de inducción de la ovulación y el reconocimiento de los factores de riesgo para el síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica. Los regímenes de inducción de la ovulación deberían ser altamente individualizados, monitorizados cuidadosamente y usando dosis y duración mínimas del tratamiento con gonadotropinas para conseguir la meta terapéutica. CONCLUSIONES: El síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica constituye la complicación más temida durante el uso de inductores de la ovulación; el conocimiento de factores de riesgo, puede prevenir o evitar que llegue a ser de un caso severo, lo cual puede causar mayor morbilidad o hasta mortalidad. La vitrificación se convierte en la técnica que permite prevenir el síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica, junto con esta técnica hay 2 alternativas: la inducción con análogo de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina o el uso de agonistas dopaminérgicos.
INTRODUCTION: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an exaggerated response of the ovary to hormonal treatments to stimulate egg formation. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical case of a woman with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; to review the approach, management, treatment and how to prevent it. CLINICAL CASE: 37-year-old female patient, multigestation, under treatment with metformin for polycystic ovary syndrome, presenting infertility secondary to tubal factor, who developed a moderate picture of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome as a consequence of the application of in vitro fertilization techniques (recombinant human follitropin alfa (GONAL-F®) and Cetrolerelix (CETROTIDE®); On the fourth day of the follicular aspiration procedure she presents intense pelvic pain, dysuria, diarrheic stools, abdominal and vaginal ultrasound shows free fluid in the cavity of about 1000cc, in addition to right and left ovaries with a volume of 102 mL and 189 mL respectively. Patient was admitted for parenteral hydration treatment, Enoxaparin 40mg subcutaneous, Cabergoline 0.5mg orally, discharged after 72 hours. DISCUSSION: The keys to prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are experience with ovulation induction therapy and recognition of risk factors for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Ovulation induction regimens should be highly individualized, carefully monitored, and using minimal doses and duration of gonadotropin therapy to achieve the therapeutic goal. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome constitutes the most feared complication during the use of ovulation inducers; knowledge of risk factors, may prevent or avoid it from becoming a severe case, which may cause increased morbidity or even mortality. Vitrification becomes the technique that allows preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, along with this technique there are 2 alternatives: induction with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog or the use of dopaminergic agonists.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fertilization in Vitro , Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome , Pelvic Pain , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Gonadotropins , Ovarian Follicle , Ovulation , Ovulation Induction , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , Pregnancy , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Ecuador , Dysuria , Gynecology , ObstetricsABSTRACT
Loboob as a traditional drug in Iranis known for its beneficial effects on busulfan-induced oligospermia. In this experimental study, protective effects of loboob (a Persian traditional remedy) on sexual hormones, antioxidant levels and stereological changes of testis tissue were evaluated in an oligospermia rat model induced by busulfan. Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five different groups: control, received no treatments; and the other groups administrated with a single dose of busulfan (10 mg/kg body weight). After 30 days, these groups were treated with 0, 35, 70 or 140 mg/kg/day of loboob for 60 days. Blood samples were collected for hormone and antioxidant enzyme assays. Unbiased stereology was performed on testis tissues to evaluate the volume of different parts of the testis and the number of various testis cells. Data indicated that FSH, LH and MDA were increased, and testosterone, catalase, SOD were decreased in the busulfan group, while treatment with loboob at 70 and 140 mg/kg significantly improved these parameters (P <0.05). Treatment with 70 and 140 mg/kg of loboob ameliorated the germinal epithelium volume, types A and B spermatogonia, spermatocytes, elongated and round spermatids, and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules (P <0.05). High concentration of loboob also improved testis weight and volume, and leydig cell number (P <0.05). Thus, loboob is more effective for the recovery of seminiferous tubules and their cells than for the interstitial tissue. Loboob with various antioxidants, minerals and vitamins could overcome the side effects of busulfan.
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Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder adversely affecting fertility and reproductive health with diverse clinical manifestations in women. Aim: The objectives of the present study are to determine and compare the prevalence of PCOS between rural and urban Assamese women in Guwahati, Assam. Methods: A total of 150 (75 rural; 75 urban) Assamese women aged 18-35 years have been collected at Pratiksha Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. The relevant data were collected through self-administered pre-structured and interview methods. Results: Higher prevalence of PCOS was found in the urban areas living in nuclear families in comparison to rural areas. Recent weight gain and obesity with a higher prevalence of oligomenorrhea were found to be higher among the urban participants. An excess androgen activity evidenced by increased hirsutism was higher in the urban areas as compared to rural areas in association with increased levels of serum insulin. Conclusion: A long-term personalized management program is required for effectively treating individuals with PCOS which may help in regulating the symptoms and various other metabolic complications.
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Resumen El tricofoliculomaes un tumor benigno infrecuente del folículo piloso, de mayor prevalencia entre la segunda y la sexta década de vida. Suele presentarse como una lesión solitaria en forma de nódulo,pápulas o placas del color de la piel,asintomático, con un poro o cavidad central obstruido con queratina de la que emerge un "penacho de pelos".La localización más frecuente suele ser el rostro, seguido del cuero cabelludo y el cuello.1Las características histopatológicas son diagnósticas. Se reporta el caso clínico de un paciente de 44 años de edad con tricofoliculomas múltiples en rostro.
Abstract Trichofolliculoma is an infrequent benign tumor of the hair follicle, with a higher prevalence between the second and sixth decade of life. It usually presents as a solitary lesion in the form of a nodule, papules or asymptomatic skin-colored plaques with a pore or central cavity obstructed with keratin from which a "tuft of hairs" emerges.The most frequent location is usually the face, followed by the scalp and neck.1 Histopathological characteristics are diagnostic. We report a case of a 44-year-old man with multiple trichofolliculomas on his face.
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Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of follicular unit excision on the hair loss of head and face.Methods:From September 2019 to September 2020, 24 patients with hair loss of head and face who were treated in the plastic and aesthetic surgery of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were used as the research objects. According to the characteristics of the patients′ hair loss areas, hair follicles were obtained from healthy scalp by using the follicular unit excision. After the operation, the survival of transplanted hair follicles, the direction of hair growth, and patient satisfaction were followed up to observe the repair effect.Results:Fifteen cases of partial scalp loss hair, 8 cases of partial loss of eyelashes, and 1 case of partial lack of eyelashes, after hair transplantation, the hair growth in the operation area was good, the direction was basically the same as that of the original hair, and the cosmetic effect of hair coverage was satisfactory. After 9-18 months of follow-up, the hair survived well.Conclusions:The use of follicular unit excision technology to repair the hair loss on the head and face is an ideal treatment method, with less trauma, quick recovery, and satisfactory cosmetic effects.
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Recent studies have found that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway affects the growth and development of hair follicles, and is closely related to hair growth cycle. This review summarizes the effect of mTOR signaling pathway on the hair growth cycle, and provides new ideas for the treatment of hair diseases.
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Objective:To observe whether hair follicle cells from mice of different species can integrate to generate new pigmented hair follicles, and to explore the role of different melanocyte populations in pigmented hair follicle reconstruction in mice.Methods:The epidermal cell population, hair follicle epithelial cell population and dermal cell population were isolated from the skin of fetal or neonatal C57BL/6J and BALB/C mice, and epidermal melanocytes were obtained by culture and purification of the epidermal cell population. The experiments were divided into 3 parts: (1) hair follicle reconstruction experiment in neonatal C57BL/6J mice, which included 2 groups: epidermal cells + hair follicle epithelial cells group and dermal cells group; (2) chimeric hair follicle reconstruction experiment, which included 4 groups: dermal cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group, dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice group, dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + dermal cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group, and dermal cells of fetal BALB/C mice + dermal cells of fetal C57BL/6J mice group; (3) pigmented hair follicle reconstruction experiment, which included 3 groups: dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + epidermal cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group, dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + hair follicle epithelial cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group, and dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + cultured C57BL/6J epidermal melanocytes group. Different cells were implanted into dorsal skin fold chambers of the nude mice, and there were 4 mice in each group. At weeks 4 and 8 after inoculation, hair follicle reconstruction was assessed by gross observation, histological examination and immunofluorescence assay.Results:Among the 8 BALB/C nude mice in the 2 groups in the hair follicle reconstruction experiment, 7 survived and 1 died of wound infections on week 4 after inoculation; at weeks 4 and 8 after inoculation, no hair growth was observed in the epidermal cells + hair follicle epithelial cells group (3 mice) , while normal hair grew out in the dermal cells group (4 mice) mixed with epithelial components. Among the 16 BALB/C nude mice in the 4 groups in the chimeric hair follicle reconstruction experiment, 14 survived and 2 died of wound infections on week 4 after inoculation; at weeks 4 and 8 after inoculation, brown-grey hair grew well in the dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + dermal cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group (4 mice) , and dermal cells of fetal BALB/C mice + dermal cells of fetal C57BL/6J mice group (3 mice) . Among the 12 BALB/C nude mice in the 3 groups in the pigmented hair follicle reconstruction experiment, 10 survived and 2 died of wound infections on week 4 after inoculation; at weeks 4 and 8 after inoculation, only white hair grew out in the dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + cultured C57BL/6J epidermal melanocytes group (3 mice) , and no hair follicle melanocytes were observed by immunofluorescence assay, while brown-grey hair grew well in the dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + epidermal cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group (4 mice) , and dermal cells of neonatal BALB/C mice + hair follicle epithelial cells of neonatal C57BL/6J mice group (3 mice) .Conclusions:The interaction between mesenchymal cells and hair follicle epithelial cells is a necessary condition for hair follicle reconstruction. The hair follicle cells from different species of mice can integrate to generate new pigmented hair follicles. Both hair follicle melanocytes and epidermal melanocytes can participate in the formation of pigmented hair follicles, but differentiated melanocytes have no such ability.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of follicular size on the clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) of natural cycles on ovulation.Methods:Clinical data of 427 cycles of frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 15-16 mm group (15≤diameter≤16 mm, n=66), 16-17 mm group (16<diameter≤17 mm, n=101), 17-18 mm group (17<diameter≤18 mm, n=125), 18-20 mm group (18<diameter≤20 mm, n=109),>20 mm group (diameter>20 mm, n=26), according to the maximum follicle diameter on the induction day of hCG ovulation induction. The estradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate and live birth rate were compared in five groups. Results:There were statistically significant differences in estradiol and LH levels among the five groups on the day of hCG induction (all P<0.05). Estradiol levels in 15-16 mm group to >20 mm group gradually increased on the day of hCG induction, and estradiol level in 15-16 mm group was significantly lower than those in 17-18 mm group, 18-20 mm group and >20 mm group (median: 1 002.3 vs 1 103.3 vs 1 171.2 vs 1 539.0 pmol/L), with statistical significances ( P=0.034, P<0.001, P=0.002). On the day of hCG induction, LH levels in 15-16 mm group to >20 mm group showed a decreasing trend, and LH level in 15-16 mm group was significantly higher than those in 17-18 mm group and >20 mm group (median: 37.73 vs 28.24 vs 24.11 U/L), with statistically significant differences ( P=0.007, P=0.006). There were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy rate, abortion rate and live birth rate in 15-16 mm group to >20 mm group (all P>0.05). Conclusion:In the natural cycle protocol of hCG induced ovulation, the small follicle group could achieve similar clinical outcomes compared with normal sized follicles in the single blastocyst transfer of frozen-thawed embryos.
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Objective:To analyze the safety and effectiveness of superselective embolization of the uterine arteries in the treatment of uterine fibroids.Methods:The clinical data of 60 patients with uterine fibroids who were admitted to Zhejiang Veteran Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into a control group and an observation group ( n = 30/group) according to different surgical methods. The control group underwent conventional surgery. The observation group underwent superselective embolization of the uterine arteries. Uterine size, uterine fibroid size, postoperative hormone level, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in total response rate between the observation and control groups [93.33 (28/30) vs. 83.33 (25/30), χ2 = 1.46, P > 0.05]. After surgery, serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone levels in the observation group were (164.14 ± 19.97) ng/L, (2.43 ± 1.47) IU/L, (2.51 ± 1.14) IU/L, and (5.05 ± 0.43) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than (190.23 ± 21.62) ng/L, (3.78 ± 1.63) IU/L, (3.94 ± 1.23) IU/L, (8.22 ± 1.35) μg/L in the control group ( t = 4.86, 3.37, 4.67, 12.25, all P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [3.33% (1/30) vs. 20.00% (6/30), χ2 = 4.04, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with conventional surgery, superselective embolization of the uterine arteries is more effective on uterine fibroids, better keep postoperative hormone level stable, and reduce or avoid short- and long-term complications. Therefore, superselective embolization of the uterine arteries for the treatment of uterine fibroids deserves the clinical promotion.
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Hair loss affects millions of people at some time in their life, and safe and efficient treatments for hair loss are a significant unmet medical need. We report that topical delivery of quercetin (Que) stimulates resting hair follicles to grow with rapid follicular keratinocyte proliferation and replenishes perifollicular microvasculature in mice. We construct dynamic single-cell transcriptome landscape over the course of hair regrowth and find that Que treatment stimulates the differentiation trajectory in the hair follicles and induces an angiogenic signature in dermal endothelial cells by activating HIF-1α in endothelial cells. Skin administration of a HIF-1α agonist partially recapitulates the pro-angiogenesis and hair-growing effects of Que. Together, these findings provide a molecular understanding for the efficacy of Que in hair regrowth, which underscores the translational potential of targeting the hair follicle niche as a strategy for regenerative medicine, and suggest a route of pharmacological intervention that may promote hair regrowth.
Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Quercetin/pharmacology , Endothelial Cells , Hair , Hair Follicle , AlopeciaABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Almost two-thirds of patients with AD are female. The reason for the higher susceptibility to AD onset in women is unclear. However, hormone changes during the menopausal transition are known to be associated with AD. Most recently, we reported that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes AD pathology and enhances cognitive dysfunctions via activating the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ)/asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) pathway. This review summarizes our current understanding of the crucial role of the C/EBPβ/AEP pathway in driving AD pathogenesis by cleaving multiple critical AD players, including APP and Tau, explaining the roles and the mechanisms of FSH in increasing the susceptibility to AD in postmenopausal females. The FSH-C/EBPβ/AEP pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism , Cognitive Dysfunction/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Follicle Stimulating HormoneABSTRACT
Melatonin,an endocrine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland,plays an important role in the reproduction.The growth and development of follicles is the basis of female mammalian fertility.Follicles have a high concentration of melatonin.Melatonin receptors exist on ovarian granulosa cells,follicle cells,and oocytes.It regulates the growth and development of these cells and the maturation and atresia of follicles,affecting female fertility.This paper reviews the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of melatonin on the development of ovarian follicles,granulosa cells,and oocytes and makes an outlook on the therapeutic potential of melatonin for ovarian injury,underpinning the clinical application of melatonin in the future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Melatonin/pharmacology , Ovarian Follicle , Oocytes , Granulosa Cells/physiology , MammalsABSTRACT
The goal of this work was to explore the prospect of standardized application of an in-vitro bioactivity assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone based on a reporter gene. The relative accuracy, intermediate precision, linearity and applicable range of the method were validated according to the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Three laboratories used this method to determine the in-vitro biological activities of six batches of drug product and three batches of drug substance manufactured by two different companies. The consistency of the potency determined by three laboratories, the intra-laboratory precision and inter-laboratory precision were analyzed. The method was optimized during the collaborative validation. The results of method validation meet the requirements of the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Aiming to resolve the problems found in the collaborative validation, the medium for cell seeding, the pre-diluted buffer solution of standard and sample, and the means of removing and discarding supernatant after stimulation were optimized. After optimization, there was no significant difference in the bioactivity among the different laboratories (P > 0.05), indicating statistical equivalency. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory precision were good and the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV%) were both less than 15%. In conclusion, the reporter gene assay has good intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility and is suitable for analyzing recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone drug product and drug substance by different manufacturers. It is expected to be used as a standardized method for the determination of the in-vitro bioactivity of such products.
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Hair follicle (HF), one of the skin appendages, has received a lot of attention to be a new target and pathway for drug delivery. The development of hair follicle targeted drug delivery system (HFTDDS) through percutaneous permeation is particularly important for skin diseases derived from HF such as acne, hair loss, and folliculitis for their on-site action. This review describes the structure and physiological function of HF, the microenvironment of HF, and factors affecting HF permeation. Multiple nanoformulations used to improve the HF permeation and technologies to characterize the HF permeation were introduced. The latest advance of HFTDDS based on nanoformulations were systematically summarized and analyzed in the treatment of acne and hair loss. Finally, the challenges of formulating HFTDDS were discussed. The review is expected to provide some ideas and references for developing delivery systems for treating skin diseases derived from HF.
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OBJECTIVE@#To determine the expression level of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the passage of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), analyze the effect of Shh overexpression on the proliferation activity of HFSCs, and explore the survival of HFSCs after Shh overexpression and its effect on hair follicle regeneration.@*METHODS@#Hair follicles from the normal area (H1 group) and alopecia area (H2 group) of the scalp donated by 20 female alopecia patients aged 40-50 years old were taken, and the middle part of the hair follicle was cut under the microscope to culture, and the primary HFSCs were obtained and passaged; the positive markers (CD29, CD71) and negative marker (CD34) on the surface of the fourth generation HFSCs were identified by flow cytometry. The two groups of HFSCs were transfected with Shh-overexpressed lentivirus. Flow cytometry and cell counting kit 8 assay were used to detect the cell cycle changes and cell proliferation of HFSCs before and after transfection, respectively. Then the HFSCs transfected with Shh lentivirus were transplanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice as the experimental group, and the same amount of saline was injected as the control group. At 5 weeks after cell transplantation, the expression of Shh protein in the back skin tissue of nude mice was detected by Western blot. HE staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to compare the number of hair follicles and the survival of HFSCs between groups.@*RESULTS@#The isolated and cultured cells were fusiform and firmly attached to the wall; flow cytometry showed that CD29 and CD71 were highly expressed on the surface of the cells, while CD34 was lowly expressed, suggesting that the cultured cells were HFSCs. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of Shh protein and gene in the 4th, 7th, and 10th passages of cells in H1 and H2 groups decreased gradually with the prolongation of culture time in vitro. After overexpression of Shh, the proliferation activity of HFSCs in the two groups was significantly higher than that in the blank group (not transfected with lentivirus) and the negative control group (transfected with negative control lentivirus), and the proliferation activity of HFSCs in H1 group was significantly higher than that in H2 group before and after transfection, showing significant differences ( P<0.05). At 5 weeks after cell transplantation, Shh protein was stably expressed in the dorsal skin of each experimental group; the number of hair follicles and the expression levels of HFSCs markers (CD71, cytokeratin 15) in each experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the number of hair follicles and the expression levels of HFSCs markers in H1 group were significantly higher than those in H2 group, and the differences were significant ( P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Lentivirus-mediated Shh can be successfully transfected into HFSCs, the proliferation activity of HFSCs significantly increase after overexpression of Shh, which can secrete and express Shh continuously and stably, and promote hair follicle regeneration by combining the advantages of stem cells and Shh.
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Animals , Female , Mice , Alopecia/surgery , Hair Follicle , Hedgehog Proteins/genetics , Mice, Nude , Regeneration , Stem CellsABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the mRNA expression levels of various aquaporins （AQPs） in luteinized granulosa cells from follicles of different diameters. MethodsFrom March 25， 2022 to September 23， 2022 in our reproductive medicine center， 48 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization （IVF） were enrolled and divided into the antagonist group and the agonist group according to the ovarian stimulation protocol. Follicular fluid samples were collected on the day of oocyte pick-up and granulosa cells were extracted from follicles of different diameters： small （<13 mm）， medium （13~18 mm） and large （≥18 mm）. After RNA quantification， 22 cases （66 samples） were included for analysis and mRNA expression levels of AQPs were compared among the three follicle groups. ResultsThe mRNA expression of aquaporin 2 （AQP2） in luteinized granulosa cells increased with the increase of follicle diameter （linear trend P = 0.004） and the difference was statistically significant between two groups of large and small follicles （P = 0.017）. Statistical difference was found in the antagonist group （P = 0.049 6）， but not in the agonist group （P = 0.108）. ConclusionThe mRNA level of AQP2 in luteinized granulosa cells increases with the increase of follicle diameter and its expression is related to the ovarian stimulation protocol， suggesting that AQP2 may play a role in follicle growth and follicular fluid formation， and its mRNA expression level may be regulated by follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH）.
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A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions. However, a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs. Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs. Herein, the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized, defined by the novel concept of an "atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis." This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors, genetic factors, and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions. The continued exploration of the physiology of the "atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis" could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
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Humans , Pituitary Hormones/metabolism , Luteinizing Hormone , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Prolactin , Pituitary Gland/metabolismABSTRACT
The authors performed a comprehensive review of current literature to create a model comparing commonly evaluated variables in male factor infertility, for example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular volume (TV), and testosterone (T), to better predict sperm retrieval rate (SRR). Twenty-nine studies were included, 9 with data on conventional testicular sperm extraction (cTESE) for a total of 1227 patients and 20 studies including data on microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for a total of 4760 patients. A weighted-means value of SRR, FSH, T, and TV was created, and a weighted linear regression was then used to describe associations among SRR, type of procedure, FSH, T, and TV. In this study, weighted-means values demonstrated mTESE to be superior to cTESE with an SRR of 51.9% vs 40.1%. Multiple weighted linear regressions were created to describe associations among SRR, procedure type, FSH, T, and TV. The models showed that for every 1.19 mIU ml-1 increase in FSH, there would be a significant decrease in SRR by 1.0%. Seeking to create a more clinically relevant model, FSH values were then divided into normal, moderate elevation, and significant elevation categories (FSH <10 mIU ml-1, 10-19 mIU ml-1, and >20 mIU ml-1, respectively). For an index patient undergoing cTESE, the retrieval rates would be 57.1%, 44.3%, and 31.2% for values normal, moderately elevated, and significantly elevated, respectively. In conclusion, in a large meta-analysis, mTESE was shown to be more successful than cTESE for sperm retrievals. FSH has an inverse relationship to SRR in retrieval techniques and can alone be predictive of cTESE SRR.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human , Infertility, Male , Linear Models , Semen , Sperm Retrieval , Spermatozoa , Testis/surgeryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective The follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta gene rs10835638 variant (c.-211G>T) may have detrimental effects on fertility and protective effects against endometriosis. A case-control analysis was performed, aiming to investigate the possible relationship between this variant and the development and/or progression of endometriosis. Methods This study included 326 women with endometriosis and 482 controls without endometriosis, both confirmed by inspection of the pelvic cavity during surgery. Genotyping was performed using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Genotype and allele frequencies and genetic models were compared between the groups. Results The genotype and allele frequencies of the rs10835638 variant did not differ between women with and those without endometriosis. Subdividing the endometriosis group into fertile and infertile groups did not result in a significant difference in these frequencies. However, the subgroup with minimal/mild endometriosis had a higher frequency of the GT genotype than the Control Group, regardless of fertility. The T allele was significantly more common in women with minimal/mild endometriosis than in the Control Group in the recessive model. Conclusion The T allele is associated with the development of minimal/mild endometriosis in Brazilian women.
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Background : “Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive within a year with normal frequency of sexual intercourse and no contraceptives.” Relatively little is known about the effect of nutritional content on fertility. Objective : To study the correlation of level of AMH and AFC with dietary habits especially protein intake in patients of infertility. Material and Methods : It is hospital based study. Design of study : Cross sectional study. Place of study : Teerthankar Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad, India . Number of Patients : 95 patients of infertility included in the study .Patients were between 30 and 45 years. Time Period : 18 months from January 2020-July 2021. Method : All cases underwent full history taking; clinical examination and all completed a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire). Main Outcome Measures : Moderate to high protein intake in diet corresponds to those having met their more than 20% calorie intake by protein had a higher mean AMH as well as had a higher mean AFC. Result : Based on the results of the current study the effects of higher protein intake was found to be significant on the level of ovarian reserve . Conclusion : This study suggests that good and healthy Nutrition, rich in proteins , in fertility treatment is required for better outcome and also helps in limiting the financial burden