ABSTRACT
Introducción: Los hábitos alimentarios se modifican en la adolescencia por diferentes factores que se relacionan estrechamente con los cambios propios de esta etapa. Objetivo: Examinar las preferencias y conducta alimentaria de adolescentes de secundaria básica. Métodos: Estudio transversal en la escuela secundaria básica "José Martí", municipio Cerro, La Habana, entre septiembre-octubre de 2015 en 94 adolescentes. A todos se les aplicó una encuesta sobre la frecuencia de las principales comidas, así como el consumo semanal de alimentos. Se empleó la prueba Ji-cuadrada para establecer las asociaciones entre variables. Resultados: Predominaron las hembras (55,0 por ciento) con una media de edad de 12,7±0,9 años. La mayoría no cumplen con la frecuencia recomendada de las comidas y su dieta está basada en alimentos con alto contenido de grasas y azucares, alta en sodio y baja en vitaminas, fibras y minerales. Las hembras son las que menos desayunan (32,0 por ciento), los varones los que menos almuerzan (11,4 por ciento) y la cena es la comida que más respetan ambos sexos (98,0 y 97,7 por ciento, respectivamente). Los cereales (64,0 por ciento), azúcares (58,0 por ciento) y lácteos (56,0 por ciento) están dentro de los alimentos más consumidos. El huevo, los embutidos y las carnes rojas son más consumido por los varones y las carnes blancas por las hembras. Conclusiones: La conducta alimentaria de los adolescentes es inadecuada en su mayoría con mayor afectación en el sexo femenino en el desayuno y en el masculino en el almuerzo. Tienen baja preferencia por los vegetales y las frutas en contraste con los cereales, azúcares y lácteos, más consumidos(AU)
Introduction: Eating habits are modified in adolescence by different factors that are closely related to the typical changes of this stage of life. Objective: Examine the food preferences and behavior of basic junior high school´s adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study in "José Martí" Basic Junior High School, Cerro municipality, Havana, in the period September-October 2015 in 94 adolescents. All of them underwent a survey on the frequency of main meals, as well as weekly food consumption. The Ji-square test was used to establish associations among variables. Results: Females predominated (55.0 percent) with an average age of 12.7±0.9 years. Most of them do not meet the recommended frequency of meals and their diet is based on foods high in fat and sugar, high in sodium and low in vitamins, fibers and minerals. Females have less breakfasts (32.0 percent), males have less lunch (11.4 percent) and dinner is the food that both sexes most respect (98.0 and 97.7 percent, respectively). Cereals (64.0 percent), sugars (58.0 percent) and dairy (56.0 percent) are within the most consumed foods. Egg, cold meats and red meats are most consumed by males and white meats by females. Conclusions: Adolescents' food behavior is mostly inadequate. in its majority with greater affectation in the feminine sex at breakfast and in the masculine sex at lunch. They have a low preference for vegetables and fruits in contrast to cereals, sugars and dairy products, which are more consumed(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Feeding Behavior , Food , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
This study was conducted to examine differences in nutrient intakes by the compliance with the Dietary Action Guide for Korean Children. The subjects included 343 elementary school students in Gwangju city. Compliance with the Dietary Action Guide for Children showed that 62.4% of subjects had breakfast everyday; 44.3% of subjects ate vegetables/fruits/milk and dairy products daily; 26.8% of subjects ate a variety of lean meats/fish/eggs/bean products daily; 32.9% of subjects enjoyed outdoor activity everyday and ate according to their energy needs; 40.2% of subjects chose healthy and nutritious foods for snack; and 15.5% of subjects avoided food waste. Intakes of most of nutrients including energy were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in those who complied with the Dietary Action Guide well. Also nutrient intakes had the positive correlation with the scores of Dietary Action Guide (p < 0.05). From these results, nutrient intakes of children were significantly influenced by dietary factors suggested in the Dietary Action Guide for Children. In addition, the results also confirmed that good food behaviors were indispensible to maintaining a proper nutritional status. Based on these results, good food behaviors and practice were critical to secure good health and proper nutritional status for children, and that nutrition education should be strengthened in school as well as at home.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Breakfast , Compliance , Dairy Products , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the food behavior during the childhood, the influence of food behavior on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and the pattern of influence of food behavior on behavior problem depending on children's age and gender. A total of 171 children aged 5 and 6 years were selected who attended 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten in Seoul, and the survey data responded by teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less internalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. The main effects and interaction of gender and age were not significant. Second, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less externalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. For hyperactivity, interaction of age and food behavior was significant, and age and the interaction of age and food behavior affected children's agression. Food behavior of children affects behavior problem and, therefore, children with better food behavior showed less behavior problems in the same circumstances.
Subject(s)
Aged , Child , Humans , Nurseries, InfantABSTRACT
Children's food behaviors have been expressed in a various ways because of recent changes in their family environment. Thus, this study was performed to investigate in-depth qualitative research on the mother's perception on children's food behaviors by focused group interview. This study was designed in four steps of planning, collection of participants, process, and analysis. Participants for the focus group interview were recruited and sampled from households with elementary school students in the Seoul and Gyeonggido areas. Groups were divided by total income and education expense levels. 1) High income household: It is better to improve currently existing web sites for nutrition education. 2) Mid income household: Easy, practical, and inexpensive off-line cooking class/nutrition education classes for mothers are needed. Nutrition programs for children should be developed through mass media and be promoted in the broadcasting circle. 3) Low income household: Motivation is required for mothers' education and the serious nutritional problems of children should be informed through mass media and home correspondence from school. And interesting educational materials should be developed for children to read whenever they want.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Cooking , Family Characteristics , Focus Groups , Interviews as Topic , Mass Media , Mothers , Motivation , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of healthy weights at community level. Nutrient intakes of 128 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Subjects were divided to under-weight, normal-weight, over-weight groups by body mass index (BMI). Most under-weight groups evaluated as their current body images were normal. 41% of normal-weight groups judged as their current body images were obese. Energy and fat intakes of over-weight group were significantly higher than that of under-weight and normal weight groups (p < 0.05). However, carbohydrate and protein intakes showed no significant differences among the three groups. It appeared that active attitude toward change in nutrition attitude of normalweight group was significantly higher than that of under-weight group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences of food habit score, nutrition knowledge, and obesity habit scores among the three groups. The frequency of eating-out showed significant difference among three groups (p < 0.05). Food habit scores were positively related to health-concerned attitude (r = 0.174), convenience-concerned attitude (r = 0.229) and food enjoyed attitude (0.213) and negatively related to obesity habit score (r = -0.206). Also, positive correlation of body fat mass with frequency of eatingout (r = 0.213), instant food (r = 0.227) and amount of meal (r = 0.187) existed (p < 0.05). We concluded that nutrition education programs for housewives should include specific strategies to modify unsound food behaviors and inappropriate perception of body image for a healthy weight.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Adipose Tissue , Body Image , Body Mass Index , Education , Feeding Behavior , Meals , Obesity , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
The aim to this study was to investigated the effects of family type on the health-related behaviors, food behaviors, and nutrient adequacy ratio of the elderly. Studies were performed on 109 home-bound elderly in a rural area of Asan city, in 1996. Subjects were divided into two groups by their family type, one was single-elderly family(n=58) and the other was extended family(n=51). The results obtained by questionaires and personal interviews as follows. 1) The average age 68.6. They served in primary industry, and 89.1% of responders received less than a primary school education. There was no significant difference by family type. 2) Single-elderly family members themselves felt more negative about their health than extended family members. 3)Each nutrient adequacy ratio of single-elderly family/extended family members was 0.72/0.76 of energy, 0.73/0.76 of protein, 0.59/0.66 of Ca, 0.98/0.99 of Fe, 0.62/0.74 of vitamin A, 0.86/0.87 of thiamin, 0.72/0.73 of riboflavin, 0.71/0.77 of niacin, 0.90/0.91 of ascorbic acid, and 0.76/0.80 of Mar. The NAR of vitamin A of the single-elderly family members was significantly lower than for extended family members(p<0.05). Energy, protein, Ca, vitamin A, riboflavin showed insufficient intake for both groups. The percentage of INQ<1 of the single-elderly family/extended family members was 45.6/51.0 of protein, 66.7/66.7 of Ca, 64.9/56.9 of vitamin A. By NAR and INQ, the most insufficient nutrient to the elderly in this rural area was Ca. We there for suggest that it is needed for elderly in rural areas to receive of food that is higher ING of Ca.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Ascorbic Acid , Education , Niacin , Riboflavin , Vitamin AABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data of nutrition education for obese children and to examine food habits, food behaviors, and nutrition knowledge. A convenience sample of 84(male:62, female:22) obese children was selected from "98 Children Nutrition Camp". The survey design employed a structured questionnaire. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The percentage of the subjects who overestimated their body weight was higher in female compared to male. Only 35.9% of highly-obese subjects considered them as 'very fat'. The experience of weight control was higher in female than in male, and it was also higher moderately- or highly-obese subjects compared to mildly obese. 2. 64.3% of subjects reported that they regularly eat breakfast. The percentage of the subjects who indicated that they eat at regular meal time or they eat very irregularly was highest in the highly-obese subjects. 3. 34.5% of subjects reported that they eat very fast. The eating speed was slower in female compared to male, and in obese subjects. 55.4% of subjects reported that didn't eating out. 4. 80.9% of subjects had snacks, and most of them had snack between lunch and dinner. The reason the subjects eat snack was hunger. The most favorite snack was cookies. 5. The most preferred and distasteful food was meats(32.1%) and vegetables(67.1%), respectively. 6. The score of food behaviors was relatively low in most subjects. 7. The level of nutrition knowledge was in order of fair(83.1%), poor(9.6%), excellent(7.3%), and was higher in male compared to female. Consequently the results of this study showed to disagreement among food habits, food behaviors and nutrition knowledge, and feel keenly the necessity of education connecting of these. This education had to be practical education to change food behaviors.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Body Weight , Breakfast , Eating , Education , Feeding Behavior , Hunger , Lunch , Meals , Surveys and Questionnaires , SnacksABSTRACT
Most of college women are interested in their appearances, and those whose body weights are normal or even underweight try to lose weight. Many methods for weight control diets practiced by college women are unsound and irrational so that some side-effects should be watched out. The present study was aimed to investigate methods of diets, food habits, behaviors, and side effects of weight control and to suggest sound weight loss schemes for college women. The subjects were 353 college women living in Taegu and Kyung Buk area, comprising 178 women who have tried weight control diets and 175 women who have not tried diets. The items included in questionnaires were food habits, food behavoirs, food frequency, physical activity status, 24-hour daily activity record, height, weight, etc., and the survey was conducted in September 1997. There was no difference in body mass index between college women who have tried diets(20.1+/-2.26) and women who have not tried diets(19.3+/-1.58), and 24.2% of those who have tried diets had body mass index under 19. The leading reason for diets was to make better fitting for costumes(67%). While women who have tried diets also tried to exercise more, they tended to overeat than women who have not tried diets. Mean of food habit scores(9.33 vs 9.32) which corresponded to "poor" habit and food frequencies were not different with or without experiences of diets. This indicated that diets were not related to actual changes of food habits and food intakes. Diet methods used frequently by college women were relying on special diet foods(25.4%), fasting(24.9%) and exercise(22.6%). Trying both exercise and diet was practiced by only 5.1% of the subjects who have tried diets. The duration time of diets was mostly in the range of 1 week to 1 month, and the longer diet period was, the more weight loss was. The frequent side effects due to diets were anemia(41.8%) and enervation(23.7%). Activity coefficients were lower in those who have tried diets(1.38+/-0.13) than those who have not tried diets(1.41+/-0.19). Women who have tried diets spent more time on reading newspapers and magazines and on watching TV. This study indicates that college women who have tried diets practiced irrational diets for weight reduction and experienced undesirable side-effects. Therefore scientific and systematic weight reduction programs accompanying balanced diets and proper exercise with behavior changes should be developed.