ABSTRACT
Ginseng is a plant in the family Araliaceae and the genus Panax with the formal name of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and the treasure of traditional herbal medicine resources as the "king of herbs". Ginseng has been traditionally used for over 2,000 years in Asian countries, especially in China and Republic of Korea. During the ginseng industry chain, the cultivation in farmland and seed breeding are important for sustainable development of ginseng resources. Active components in ginseng including ginsenosides, polysaccharides, phenolic compound and their therapeutic benefits for multiple diseases are being studied. This paper aimed to review current research status and problem-solving strategies for each step of ginseng industry, including ginseng growing cultivation and seed resources, basic and clinical studies as well as comparison of ginseng industry between China and Republic of Korea, hoping to provide a reference for research direction and future development of ginseng industry.
ABSTRACT
[Objective] To systematically study the characteristics of the key syndromes of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),summarize its clinical efficacy,and explore the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).[Methods] The main clinical syndrome features of SLE are heat-toxicity,blood stasis and Yin-deficiency.Compared with glucocorticoids(GCs) alone,combination with JP can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and reduce the glucocorticoid treat consumption effectively.[Results]Our results showed that in MRL/LPR model mice,JP could restore the balance between TH17 and regulatory T cells through CaMK4 signaling pathway,and the interaction between T cells and B cells.JP could promote DNA methylation,inhibit the over-activated lymphocytes,improve the prognosis of SLE and prevent renal damage.JP could up-regulate the concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the level of glycine,phenylalanine and tryptophan dramatically.Furthermore,JP could reduce the abundance of pathogenic bacteria(such as Parabacteroides) and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Odoribacter and Ruminococcus) by regulating gastrointestinal function,which was not found in GCs treated subjects.JP can also obviously reduce the expression of TLR7,TLR9 and IL-6 in intestinal mucosa,showing the effect of multi-target therapy on SLE.[Conclusion] The most common clinical syndromes of SLE are heat-toxicity,blood stasis and Yin-deficiency.JP can effectively control the progress of SLE and exert its clinical function from different aspects.Our research laid the scientific basis for the popularization and application of TCM in clinical treatment of SLE.
ABSTRACT
The chemical composition of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is complex. It is crucial to carry out quality control in pharmacological experiment in vitro of CMM, understand its mechanism, and identify its pharmacodynamic material basis. In recent years, drug-containing intestinal absorption solution (DCIAS), as a new method for evaluating in vitro pharmacological activity, has been used in research of CMM. This article detailed the methodology and development of applying DCIAS to in vitro experiments of CMM with a comparison to other methods. The results showed that DCIAS played an important role in quality evaluation, mechanism analysis and material basis identification of CMM and Chinese herbal compound prescriptions. Meanwhile, DCIAS has the advantages of being simple to operate and cheap to apply. This study provides a basis for the application of DCIAS and a reference for in vitro pharmacological study of CMM.
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To investigate the material foundation and mechanism of Zi Bu Pi Yin Recipe in the prevention and treatment of mild cognitive impairment. The integrated pharmacology platform was used to study the active ingredients, drug targets, and disease targets of 12 Chinese traditional medicines of Zi Bu Pi Yin Recipe, and to construct the target of"Zi Bu Pi Yin Recipe-Chinese herbal medicine-chemical composition-core Target-the key path "of the visual network and network analysis. Results:The platform screened 687 kinds of active ingredients of Zi Bu Pi Yin Recipe including glycosides, sugars and alcohols. and 595 key targets for treating mild cognitive impairment, Including HADHA, HADH, NAD (P) -dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like (NSDHL), and et al. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG showed that these key targets were mainly localized in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The most common molecular functions were ATP binding and protein binding, and participated in purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, carbon metabolism pathway, Carbohydrate metabolism and so on. The platform could predict the key target of Zi Bu Pi Yin Recipe in preventing and treating Mild Cognitive Impairment and its related pathways, which lay a good foundation for further revealing its mechanism.
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The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2),one of non-histone chromatin protein,can specificly bind to AT-rich DNA sequences by its AT-hook and work as oncofetal gene and architectural transcription factor.HMGA2 expresses in almost all kinds of malignant neoplasms,which is closely related to the formation,development and poor prognosis of the neoplasms.HMGA2 plays a very important role in every biological process including cell proliferation,cell cycle,stem cell self-renewal,epithelial-mesenchymal transition and DNA damage repair.It is of great significance to study the effect and mechanism of HMGA2 in neoplasms.
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Objective] Introducing the research on acupoints compatibility in recent ten years in order to discuss the research ideas. [Methods]Through retrieval of all medical journals of CNKI from Jan.2004 to Sep.2014,thirty-four articles were selected and analyzed. Summarizing and commenting the progress on compatibility mode, mechanism and action nature aspects.[Results]The research has summarized the characteristics of acupoints compatibility on ancient acupuncture literature and researched the clinical application of classic compatibility, discussed the mechanism of acupoint compatibility on the metabolism of biological molecules, the spectrum of endogenous metabolites and the central mechanism, confirmed the synergic and antagonistic effects of acupiont compatibility. There are some progresses but also deficiencies. [Conclusion]The acupoints compatibility research should change into clinical application, take multi discipline research methods and use different ideas. The relationship between acupoints quantity and effect of compatibility must be a research direction.
ABSTRACT
Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids distributed widely in the nature and some have a broad application in clinic. More attention has been paid in recent years on this type of alkaloid, owing to the diverse range of biological activities exhibited by these alkaloids and the discovery of new functional mechanisms and molecular targets underlying these activities. This article summarized the recent advances in the biological activities and functional mechanism of tetrahydroisoquinoline, which included the activities such as antitumor, antibiotic, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulation, bronchodilation, and the action on central nervous system, with the purpose of providing some ideas in the study of biological activity of this type of alkaloid and in the search for lead-compound and rational drug design.