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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The mechanisms underlying nociplastic pain, such as fibromyalgia (FM), are not fully understood, however, it is believed that altered sensory processing and pain modulation play prominent roles in the maintenance of nociplastic pain. The hypothesis is that changes in the primary somesthetic cortex (S1) contribute to the generalized pain character of FM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the involvement of the primary somesthetic cortex in humans with fibromyalgia, as well as to investigate possible associations between S1 changes and clinical signs and symptoms of FM. CONTENTS: For this integrative review, the following databases were used: Pubmed and Web of Science, including observational studies carried out in humans with FM. In total, 541 studies were identified and four were included. The majority of studies are case-control studies, published between 2016 and 2022. In total, data from 161 individuals were included in this review. It was identified that there are morphological changes, hyperactivation and increased functional connectivity between S1 and periaqueductal gray matter and between S1 and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION: Patients with FM present morphological changes and hyperactivation in S1, as well as increased functional connectivity between S1 and periaqueductal gray matter and S1 and limbic system. Furthermore, different bilateral somatotropic subregions (legs, chest, fingers, hands, face and back) showed reduced functional connectivity in patients with FM. These regions are often presented as "tender points" in FM.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os mecanismos subjacentes à dor nociplástica, como a fibromialgia (FM), não são totalmente compreendidos, contudo acredita-se que o processamento sensorial e a modulação da dor alterados desempenham papéis proeminentes para a manutenção da dor nociplástica. Com a hipótese de que alterações no córtex somestésico primário (S1) contribuam para o caráter de dor generalizada da FM, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o envolvimento do córtex somestésico primário em humanos com FM, bem como investigar possíveis associações entre alterações de S1 com sinais e sintomas clínicos da FM. CONTEÚDO: Para esta revisão integrativa, foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed e Web of Science, incluindo estudos observacionais realizados em humanos com FM. No total, 541 estudos foram identificados e quatro foram incluídos. A maioria dos estudos são do tipo caso-controle, publicados entre 2016 e 2022. Ao todo, dados de 161 indivíduos foram incluídos. Foi identificado que há alterações morfológicas, hiperativação e aumento da conectividade funcional entre S1 e substância cinzenta periaquedutal e entre S1 e córtex cingulado anterior. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com FM apresentam alterações morfológicas e hiperativação em S1, bem como aumento da conectividade funcional entre S1 e substância cinzenta periaquedutal e S1 e sistema límbico. Ademais, diferentes sub-regiões somatotrópicas bilaterais (pernas, tórax, dedos, mãos, face e costas) apresentaram redução da conectividade funcional em pacientes com FM. Essas regiões são frequentemente apresentadas como "tender points" na FM.
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Introdução: Muitas mulheres sofrem com sintomas associados à menopausa, que podem apresentar diferentes graus de intensidade e afetar sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e severidade dos principais sintomas nas diferentes fases do climatério. Métodos: Foram selecionadas mulheres com idades entre 40 e 65 anos, que responderam a um questionário on-line com dados sociodemográficos, de saúde, alimentação e características menstruais e de menopausa. Para avaliar os sintomas da menopausa e sua intensidade, foi aplicado o questionário internacional validado Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Resultados: Foram incluídas 283 mulheres (36,8% na pré-menopausa, 24% na perimenopausa e 39,2% na pós-menopausa). Excesso de peso foi mais prevalente na perimenopausa do que na pré-menopausa (P=0,012). Sintomas como diminuição da libido, secura vaginal, incontinência urinária, dores musculares e articulares, alterações lipídicas e ondas de calor, calorões, foram mais prevalentes em valores absolutos nas mulheres pós-menopausa. As mulheres no período de perimenopausa apresentaram maior prevalência, em valores absolutos, de estresse, irritabilidade, dor de cabeça, problemas na pele, falta de concentração/memória, distúrbios do sono e fadiga. De acordo com o MRS, não houve diferença no domínio psicossocial (P=0,265) e os sintomas somato-vegetativos e urogenitais são mais intensos nas mulheres na perimenopausa e pós-menopausa, quando comparadas com as mulheres na pré-menopausa (P<0,001). O escore global do questionário também demonstra essa intensidade menor no grupo pré-menopausa (P=0,001). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou uma prevalência e severidade maior de sintomas em mulheres na perimenopausa e pós-menopausa, o que pode prejudicar a qualidade de vida dessas mulheres nessa fase da vida
Introduction: Many women experience symptoms associated with menopause that present with different degrees of intensity and affect their quality of life. Objective: To identify the prevalence and severity of the main symptoms during different climacteric phases. Methods: Women aged 4065 years answered an online questionnaire on sociodemographic data, health, diet, menstrual, and menopausal characteristics. The internationally validated Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire was used to assess menopausal symptoms and their intensities. Results: 283 women were included (36.8% pre-menopausal, 24% peri-menopausal, and 39.2% post-menopausal). Excess weight was more prevalent in the peri-menopausal group than in the pre-menopausal group (P=0.012). Symptoms such as decreased libido, vaginal dryness, urinary incontinence, muscle and joint pain, lipid alterations, and hot flashes were more prevalent in the absolute values of post-menopausal women. Women in the peri-menopausal period had a higher prevalence, in absolute values, of stress, irritability, headache, skin problems, lack of concentration/memory, sleep disorders, and fatigue. According to the MRS, there was no difference in the psychosocial domain (P=0.265) but somato-vegetative and urogenital symptoms are more intense in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women when compared to pre-menopausal women (P<0.001). The global score on the questionnaire also demonstrated a lower intensity in the pre-menopausal group's symptoms (P=0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a higher prevalence and severity of symptoms in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women, which may impair the quality of life of these women at this stage of life.
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Humans , Female , Quality of Life , Climacteric , Menopause , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Women's Health , Premenopause , Postmenopause , Perimenopause , DietABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To identify symptoms of COVID-19 in adults in the scientific literature. Method Systematic review of studies published from December 1, 2019 to April 21, 2020 from the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, in order to answer the following research question: "What are the symptoms caused by COVID-19 in adults?" using the keywords "Symptoms", "Clinical Manifestations", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19". Results Of the total 105 references, 13 references that addressed the symptoms of COVID-19 were selected. Fever and normal or dry cough were symptoms present in all studies. Conclusion The symptoms identified in adult patients were fever, normal or dry cough, headache, pharyngalgia, dyspnea, diarrhea, myalgia, vomiting, sputum or expectoration, anxiety or chest pain, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, rhinorrhea, runny nose or nasal congestion, dizziness, chills, systemic pain, mental confusion, hemoptysis, asthma, taste disorder, smell disorder, belching and tachycardia.
RESUMEN Objetivo Verificar en la literatura científica las manifestaciones sintomáticas de COVID-19 en adultos. Método Una revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed con estudios publicados del 1 de diciembre de 2019 al 21 de abril de 2020, con el fin de responder a la pregunta orientadora: "¿Cuáles son las manifestaciones sintomáticas causada por COVID-19 en adultos?" utilizando las palabras clave: "Síntomas", "Manifestaciones clínicas", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19". Resultados Del total de 105 referencias, se seleccionaron 13 que abordaron las manifestaciones sintomáticas de COVID-19, con fiebre y tos normal o seca presente en todos los estudios. Conclusión Las manifestaciones sintomáticas identificadas en pacientes adultos fueron: fiebre, tos normal o seca, dolor de cabeza, faringalgia, disnea, diarrea, mialgia, vómitos, esputo o expectoración, angustia o dolor en el pecho, fatiga, náuseas, anorexia, dolor abdominal, rinorrea, secreción nasal o congestión nasal, mareos, escalofríos, dolor sistémico, confusión mental, hemoptisis, asma, alteración del gusto, alteración del olfato, eructos y taquicardia.
RESUMO Objetivo Verificar na literatura científica as manifestações sintomáticas da COVID-19 em pessoas adultas. Método Revisão sistemática utilizando as bases Scopus, Web of Science e PubMed com estudos publicados de 1 de dezembro de 2019 a 21 de abril de 2020, a fim de responder à questão norteadora: "Quais as manifestações sintomáticas causada pela COVID-19 em pessoas adultas?" utilizando-se as palavras-chave: "Symptoms", "Clinical Manifestations", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19". Resultados Do total de 105 referências, foram selecionadas 13 que abordaram as manifestações sintomáticas da COVID-19, estando a febre e a tosse normal ou seca presente em todos os estudos. Conclusão As manifestações sintomáticas identificadas nos pacientes adultos foram: febre, tosse normal ou seca, cefaleia, faringalgia, dispneia, diarreia, mialgia, vômito, escarro ou expectoração, angústia ou dor no peito, fadiga, náusea, anorexia, dor abdominal, rinorreia, coriza ou congestão nasal, tontura, calafrios, dor sistêmica, confusão mental, hemoptise, asma, comprometimento do paladar, comprometimento do olfato, arroto e taquicardia.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , General Symptoms , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Asthma , Vomiting , Anorexia , Databases, Bibliographic , Cough , Ageusia , Diarrhea , Dizziness , Fatigue , Fever , Olfaction DisordersABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, progressive and neurodegenerative disease. A disturbance on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis can be observed in patients with MS, showing altered cortisol levels. We aimed to identify basal cortisol levels and verify the relationship with clinical symptoms in patients with MS. A systematic search was conducted in the databases: Pubmed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. Both higher and lower cortisol levels were associated with MS. Higher cortisol levels were associated with depression and anxiety, while lower levels were associated with depression, fatigue and urinary dysfunction. Higher cortisol levels may be associated with the progression and severity of MS.
RESUMO A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença desmielinizante, progressiva e neurodegenerativa. Um distúrbio no eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal pode ser observado em pacientes com EM, mostrando níveis alterados de cortisol. Nosso objetivo foi identificar os níveis basais de cortisol e verificar a relação com os sintomas clínicos em pacientes com EM. Uma busca sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Web of Science e SCOPUS. Ambos os níveis de cortisol elevado e baixo foram associados com a EM. Níveis mais elevados de cortisol foram associados à depressão e ansiedade, enquanto níveis mais baixos foram associados à depressão, fadiga e disfunção urinária. Níveis altos de cortisol podem estar associados à progressão e gravidade da EM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hydrocortisone/analysis , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Saliva/chemistry , Stress, Psychological , Hydrocortisone/urine , Hydrocortisone/blood , Disease Progression , Symptom Assessment , Hair/chemistry , Multiple Sclerosis/psychologyABSTRACT
Lyme borreliosis is a multi-systemic tick-borne infectious disease caused by the spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. It has many non-specific symptoms affecting the skin, eye, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and central and peripheral nervous system. Typical cutaneous manifestations of lyme borreliosis include erythema chronicum migrans, borrelia lymphocytoma appearing a few weeks after the tick bite, and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans developing a few years after. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings with detection of specific Ig M and Ig G antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. A 50-year old woman presented with an erythematous to violaceous annular patch with central scaly hyperpigmented patch on the right arm and an erythematous indurated patch on the right thigh for a month. She did not recall a deer tick bite. She had severe arthralgia on the right shoulder and myalgia on the right thigh at the first visit. Three months later, she complained of chest pain, and mild dyspnea on exertions. Serologic examinations revealed increased levels of Ig M and Ig G antibodies to borrelial antigen via ELISA, and Western blot test for Borrelia burgdorferi was positive. Her general symptoms as well as skin lesions subsided with an antibiotics (Doxycycline) and steroid therapy over 4 weeks.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Acrodermatitis , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antibodies , Arm , Arthralgia , Bites and Stings , Blotting, Western , Borrelia , Borrelia burgdorferi , Cardiovascular System , Chest Pain , Communicable Diseases , Dyspnea , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Erythema Chronicum Migrans , Eye , Ixodes , Lyme Disease , Musculoskeletal System , Peripheral Nervous System , Pseudolymphoma , Shoulder , Skin , Thigh , TicksABSTRACT
1) In problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials during the2nd year, general symptoms (fatigue, weight change, bleeding, fever, pain, and edema) were chosen as subjects.Changes in the students'way of thinking about how to learn were evaluated before and after PBL tutorials.<BR>2) After tutorials students were significantly more likely to believe that their participation in tutorials was a more effective way of learning. The students'views after tutorials on listening to lectures differed between2006and2007.<BR>3) We conclude that PBL tutorials affect medical students'views about learning.