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Aims: Invasion of alien species has become a global problem. Many invaders appear to thrive even with low levels of sequence-based genetic variation, and genetic patterns might congruent with the spatial arrangement of populations. Study Design: The genetic diversity of giant ragweed was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). There were 5 populations(100 samples), and the distance between the two populations was more than 20 kilometers along with the mainstream of Liaohe. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Liaohe Basin. Experiments were done in the College of Biological Science and Technology, between February 2016 and March 2017. Methodology: The distance between the two populations was more than 20 kilometers. We sampled five populations of Ambrosia trifida L. along Liaohe river in Liaoning province (north-east of China). Leaves for AFLP experiment were stored in discoloration silica gel. Genomic DNA was extracted following the CTAB protocol. Results: The genetic distances varied with the geographic distances. However, with the influence of many different situations, and many modes of transmission, the discrepancy of genetic distance was reflected. There was low genetic diversity during earlier period of invasion diversity. After a period of invasion, genetic diversity gradually increased. Panshanzha number of polymorphic bands and percentage of polymorphic bands was 98 and 64.47% respectively. Manduhu was 93 and 61.16%, Juliuhe was 100 and 65.79%, Shifosi was 98 and 64.47%, Shuanganqiao was 127 and 83.55%. Shuanganqiao possessed the highest polymorphism. Conclusion: The source of genetic variation of giant ragweed in Liaohe was gene flow of population. Shuanganqiao might be the spread center.
ABSTRACT
Objective In order to provide some information for the domestication and protection of wild Anisodus tanguticus, therefore to analyze the genetic polymorphism and the relationship of A. tanguticus from Gansu and Qinghai province in China. Methods The amplifying products from 127 DNA based on ISSR makers technique were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 11 populations of wild A. tanguticus. The clustering analysis of the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) and making Mantel test on geographic distance were carried out on the basis of genetic distance abtained, then a dendrogram was constructed. Results Total 131 alleles were amplified by using 10 ISSR primers. The number of alleles in per primer range was 11-15 with an average of 13.1, and 858 polymorphic loci were got finally. The average percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 59.54%. The Nei’s gene diversity (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.220 4 and 0.325 4 respectively. The genetic distances range was 0.073 3-0.306 2, and Mantel test P = 0.002. Conclusion The genetic polymorphism among 11 populations of A. tanguticus is relatively abundant and there is a directly relationship between genetic distance and geographical distribution among them. There is a high polymorphism among A. tanguticus populations between Gansu and Qinghai and the plentiful genetic diversity of species can provide a reference for the protection and sustainable utilizing of wild A. tanguticus resources.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a distribuição espacial de nascidos vivos (NV) do município de São Paulo (MSP), verificar se há dependência espacial, identificar possíveis diferenças no perfil dos nascimentos e avaliar as distâncias percorridas entre os domicílios e os hospitais do parto. Foram estudados os NV ocorridos em hospitais de alta complexidade, quatro SUS e quatro da rede não SUS no MSP em 2008. Foram georreferenciados 46.190 NV: 48,8% em hospitais SUS e 51,2% não SUS, estes representaram 27,9% do total de NV do MSP. Os NV de hospitais SUS formaram dois aglomerados com elevada proporção de domicílios com renda de 1/2 a 2SM, concentração de favelas e altas taxas de natalidade. Os NV de hospitais não SUS formaram um aglomerado na região central do MSP, onde há elevada proporção de domicílios com renda > 10 SM e baixa natalidade. Foram encontradas diferenças estaticamente significantes das características maternas, da gestação e do parto entre os NV de hospitais SUS e não SUS e da frequência de gemelaridade. Não houve diferença na prevalência de baixo peso e pré-termo. Os resultados mostraram existir diferenciais no perfil dos aglomerados de NV, que refletem as desigualdades das condições de vida do MSP. .
The scope of this study is to evaluate the spatial distribution of live births (LB) in the Municipality of São Paulo (MSP), verify if there is spatial dependence, identify possible differences in birth profiles and evaluate the distances between homes and delivery hospitals. LB occurring in high complexity hospitals were studied, namely 4 from the Unified Health System (SUS) and 4 from the private network in MSP in 2008. 46,190 LB were geocoded: 48.8% from SUS hospitals and 51.2% from private hospitals, accounting for 27.9% of total live births in MSP. LB in SUS hospitals formed two clusters, with a high proportion of households with incomes of 1/2 to 2MW and a marked number of shantytowns and high birth rates. LB in private hospitals formed a cluster in the central region of MSP, where there is a high proportion of households with > 10 MW income and a low birth rate. Differences in maternal, pregnancy and childbirth characteristics were statistically significant in SUS and non-SUS hospitals, as well as the frequency of multiple births. There was no difference in the prevalence of low birth weight and pre-term births. The results showed differences in the LB cluster profile reflecting the current inequalities in living conditions. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery, Obstetric/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Delivery of Health Care , Hospitals, Private , Live Birth , Spatial AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar o acesso geográfico ao parto hospitalar nos municípios brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas informações de óbitos e nascimentos quanto à sua adequação para o cálculo do coeficiente de mortalidade infantil no período de 2005 a 2007 para os 5.564 municípios brasileiros. O acesso geográfico foi expresso por indicadores de deslocamento, oferta e acesso aos serviços de saúde. A associação entre o acesso geográfico ao parto e o coeficiente de mortalidade infantil em municípios com adequação de suas informações vitais foi avaliada por meio de regressão múltipla. RESULTADOS: Dentre os municípios analisados, 56 por cento apresentaram adequação das informações vitais, correspondendo a 72 por cento da população brasileira. O deslocamento geográfico ao parto mostrou-se inversamente associado ao porte populacional, à renda per capita, e à mortalidade infantil, mesmo controlado por fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos. CONCLUSÕES: Embora tenham sido desenvolvidas estratégias importantes para a melhoria da qualidade do atendimento às gestantes no Brasil, as ações para garantir o acesso igualitário à assistência ao parto ainda são insuficientes. O maior deslocamento intermunicipal para o parto se mostrou como um fator de risco para a mortalidade infantil, aliado à desigualdade de oferta de serviços qualificados e à falta de integração com a atenção básica de saúde.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze geographic access to hospital childbirth in Brazilian municipalities. METHODS: Information on deaths and births were analyzed in regards to appropriateness for calculating the infant mortality rate during the period 2005 to 2007, for the 5,564 Brazilian municipalities. Indicators of supply and geographic access to health services were calculated to express hospital childbirth access. A multivariate regression model was used to test the association between geographic access to childbirth and the infant mortality rate in municipalities with adequate vital information. RESULTS: Of the municipalities analyzed, 56 percent had adequate vital information, corresponding to 72 percent of Brazil's population. The geographic distance between the municipality of residence and municipality of hospitalization was inversely associated to population size, per capita income and the infant mortality rate, even when controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Although important strategies have been developed in Brazil to improve the quality of care for pregnant women, actions to guarantee equal access to childbirth services are still insufficient. Large geographic distance to childbirth facility was identified as a risk factor for infant mortality, together with unequal supply of quality health services and lack of integration with primary care.
OBJETIVO: Analizar el acceso geográfico al parto hospitalario en los municipios brasileños. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron informaciones de óbitos y nacimientos con relación a su adecuación para el cálculo del coeficiente de mortalidad infantil en el período de 2005 a 2007 para los 5.564 municipios brasileños. El acceso geográfico fue expresado por indicadores de desplazamiento y oferta y acceso a los servicios de salud. Se evaluó la asociación entre el acceso geográfico al parto y el coeficiente de mortalidad infantil en municipios con adecuación de sus informaciones vitales por medio de regresión múltiple. RESULTADOS: Entre los municipios analizados, 56 por ciento presentaron adecuación de las informaciones vitales, correspondiendo a 72 por ciento de la población brasileña. El desplazamiento geográfico al parto se evidenció inversamente asociado al porte poblacional y a la renta per capita, y a la mortalidad infantil, aún siendo controlado por factores demográficos y socioeconómicos. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de que se hayan desarrollado estrategias importantes para el mejoramiento de la calidad de la atención a las gestantes en Brasil, las acciones para garantizar el acceso igualitario a la asistencia al parto son aún insuficientes. El mayor desplazamiento intermunicipal para el parto se mostró como un factor de riesgo para la mortalidad infantil, aliado a la desigualdad de oferta de servicios calificados y a la falta de integración con la atención básica de salud.