Dental anxiety and its influencing factors among pregnant women in Shanghai / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the incidence of dental anxiety in pregnant women and its influencing factors. @*Methods @# A total of 2 638 pregnant women in Shanghai were included in this study. Data on demographic and social factors, oral health behaviors and the number of teeth were collected. Participants completed the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), and an MDAS score greater than 12 was defined as a dental anxiety disorder. An electronic data capture system (EDC) was used to establish a database, and SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the degree of anxiety and its influencing factors.@*Results@# A total of 2 638 valid questionnaires were received. The incidence of dental anxiety in pregnant women was 34.9%. The results of a univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of dental anxiety in pregnant women (P<0.001) and MDAS score decreased (P<0.05) with increasing age, annual family income, educational level, frequency of cleaning, frequency of brushing and number of teeth. Conversely, the prevalence of dental anxiety in pregnant women (P<0.05) and MDAS score increased (P<0.05) as the number of pregnancies and gingival bleeding increased. Logistic analysis showed that education level “college” (P = 0.003) and “bachelor and above” (P<0.001), frequency of dental cleaning “semiannually or annually” (P = 0.021) and “biennial” (P<0.001), and frequency of brushing “twice a day” (P<0.001) were significantly associated with dental anxiety in pregnant women and were protective factors (OR<1). The frequency of gingival bleeding “Sometimes”(P<0.001) and the number of teeth “≤ 27” (P<0.001) were also significant risk factors for dental anxiety in pregnant women (OR>1).The results of a negative binomial regression analysis of MDAS showed that the frequency of dental cleaning and the number of teeth were significantly associated with dental anxiety. The frequency of dental cleaning "semiannually or annually" (P<0.001) was a protective factor (OR<1) for pregnant women's dental anxiety. The number of teeth ≤27 (P<0.001) was a risk factor (OR>1) for dental anxiety in pregnant women.@*Conclusion@#Educational level, teeth cleaning frequency, teeth brushing frequency, gingival bleeding, and the number of teeth influence dental anxiety in pregnant women. To effectively reduce the prevalence of dental anxiety, dentists should attach great importance to it in clinical practice and enhance pregnant women's awareness of oral hygiene maintenance by disseminating relevant health care knowledge.

Oral hygiene status, interdental cleaning and perception of gingival bleeding among a group of pregnant women in Nigeria

Background: Hormonal and vascular changes in pregnancy can lead to exaggeration of inflammatory response to local irritants like dental plaque causing pregnancy gingivitis which if not treated can result in advanced periodontal diseases and consequent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective: Toassess the oral hygiene and gingival bleeding perception of pregnant womenMethods: Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Oral hygiene status and gingival status were assessed with Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and gingival bleeding index respectively. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 25. Results were presented in frequency and percentages and chi square analysis done for the categorical variables with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: One hundred and fifty-one participants with age range of 20 to 43 years with a mean age of 29.85±4.05years participated in the study. All participants used toothbrush to clean their teeth and 44.4% used medium bristled toothbrush. Two-third used herbal toothpaste. More than two-thirds (84.1%) of the participants used both horizontal and vertical tooth brushing technique. Only 33.8% brushed twice daily. Though 92.1% claimed to clean interdentally, only 19.4% used dental floss. Prevalence of gingival bleeding was 31.8%. Two persons (1.3%) thought it normal to bleed from the gum while brushing and 86.8% did not know one can bleed from the gum during pregnancy Forty-four (29.1%) and 18(11.9%) of participants had fair and poor oral hygiene status respectively. 55.6% bled on probing and had gingival bleeding index of 1 and 2. Four (2.6%) of participants had gingival recession measuring 3mm to 4mm and 8.6% had halitosis. Statistical analysis of the association between participants' perception of gum bleeding and oral hygiene status showed statistical significance. Conclusion: The knowledge of pregnancy gingivitis is poor among the participants. There is the need to educate them about this and incorporate periodontal care into antenatal care so as to increase their quality of life during pregnancy.

Púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática (pti): su diagnóstico a través de lesiones en cavidad oral / Purple Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic (Itp): diagnosis through lesions in the oral cavity

La PTI es una alteración hemorrágica de instalación súbdita, adquirida, que se manifiesta inicialmente con petequias, equimosis o hematomas en piel y mucosas, sangrado nasal y gingival, sin causa aparente. La mucosa bucal puede ser el sitio donde las lesiones se observen con frecuencia y por primera vez. Se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 28 años de edad, con manifestaciones clínicas de un cuadro purpúrico, se describen signos, síntomas, terapéutica y manejo estomatológico (AU)

PTI is a hemorrhagic alteration of sudden installation, acquired, which manifests initially with petechiae, esquimosis or bruises on skin and mucosae, nasal and gingival bleeding without apparent cause. Bucal mucosae can be the site where lesions are observed with frequency, and for the first time. The case of a male patient with 28 years of age with clinical manifestationsofpurpuric syndrome is reported, signs, symptoms, therapeutic and stomatological handling are described (AU)

Elucidating the relationship of gingivitis and dental calculus with the periodontal health of 12-year-old children / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate factors related to the periodontal health of 12-year-old children.METHODS: In 2015, the Korean Children's Oral Health Survey from the Ministry of Health & Social Welfare conducted a nationwide representative sample comprised of 23,702 12-year-old children. The calibration-trained dentists examined the gingivitis and dental calculus of the children taking into consideration of the Löe and Silness gingival index to diagnose gingivitis with a modified gingivitis scale. We used questionnaires to collect data from the children on dental treatments, the experience of dental pain and gingival bleeding, self-perceived oral health, and oral health behaviors. Data were analyzed using a complex samples Chi-square test, general linear model, and logistic regression. Significance was determined at P < 0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of gingivitis was higher among males (OR 1.57), among children with poor perception (OR 1.19), dental calculus (OR 3.68), or gingival bleeding experience (OR 2.00), and among children not using dental floss (OR 1.69) or tongue cleaner (OR 1.90). The prevalence of dental calculus was higher among children with gingivitis (OR 3.82) and among children who had not visited a dental clinic in the preceding year (OR 1.31). However, dental calculus was lower among children with a higher frequency of daily toothbrushing (OR 0.75), intake of cariogenic foods (OR 0.90), or a higher DMFT index (OR 0.91).CONCLUSIONS: Children with dental calculus and gingival bleeding who did not visit a dental clinic in the preceding year also had a higher prevalence of gingivitis and dental calculus. The prevalence of children's dental calculus was lower among children with a high frequency of daily toothbrushing.

Association between traditional oral hygiene methods with tooth wear, gingival bleeding, and recession: A descriptive cross-sectional study

Oral hygiene maintenance is crucial for prevention of various oral diseases. Oral hygiene practices across the country vary largely and people in peri-urban and rural areas use traditional methods of oral hygiene like powders, bark, oil and salt etc. Their effect on oral soft and hard tissues need to be studied to understand their beneficial and/ or harmful effects on maintenance of oral hygiene and prevention or causation of oral diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the plaque-cleaning efficacy, gingival bleeding, recession and tooth wear with different traditional oral hygiene methods as compared to use of toothpaste-toothbrush, the most accepted method of oral hygiene practice. Study Design: Hospital based cross sectional analytical study. Results: Total 1062 traditional oral hygiene method users were compared with same number of toothpaste-brush users. The maximum number in the former group used tooth powder (76%) as compared to other indigenous methods, such as use of bark of trees etc and out of tooth powder users; almost 75% reported using red toothpowder. The plaque scores and gingival bleeding & recession were found to be more in traditional oral hygiene method users. The toothwear was also more severe among the toothpowder users. Conclusions: Traditional methods were found to be inferior in plaque control as was documented by increased bleeding and gingival recession. Its effect on hard tissues of teeth was very damaging with higher tooth wear scores on all surfaces.

Clinical evaluation of the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice. Methods: A randomized, controlled and double blind clinical study was conducted. 156 adults with gingivitis were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental group(group of novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice, n = 51), positive control group (group of Yunnan Baiyao dentifrice, n = 54) and negative control group (group of Crest dentifrice, n = 51). Gingival health was assessed using Mazza Modification of the Papillary Bleeding Index(Mazza GI) at Baseline, day 3 and week 4 and pocket depth was evaluated at baseline and week 4, respectively. Results: At day 3 and week 4, the experimental and positive control groups exhibited lower clinical parameters than the negative control group(P＜ 0. 000 1). At week 4, the mean Mazza GI scores and PD of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the positive control group(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: The novel stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice has anti-gingivitis efficacy.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid presenting as bleeding gums and burning sensation of mouth: a case report

@#Dental practitioners may encounter various oral mucosal diseases. Oral lesions can be the early manifestation of many systemic diseases. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a chronic, auto immune vesiculobullous lesion involving the mucocutaneous structures. It is important for a dental surgeon to be aware of oral presentations of MMP. Early and accurate diagnosis of this rare clinical entity is essential for the effective management of the lesions which may reduce or lessen disease progression. Present case report highlights the clinical presentations of MMP affecting the oral mucosa along with diagnostic features.

A sampling survey of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in Guangdong Province (2015-2016) / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the current status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the 12- to 74-year old population in Guangdong Province with the aim of providing information to support oral health care.@*Methods @# A stratified, multistage, random sampling design was used to obtain 7 provincially representative sample groups consisting of 8, 544 Guangdong residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old with a 50/50 gender ratio. The status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the whole mouth was assessed according to the Guidelines of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey using a CPI probe. The resulting data were analyzed using the SAS9.2 package. @*Results @#The prevalence of gingival bleeding in residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old was 43.75%, 42.76%, 49.06%, 39.38%, 81.94%, 90.97%, and 84.03%, respectively, while the average number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person was 1.95, 2.07, 2.59, 2.39, 9.62, 10.36, and 9.98, respectively. In the 12-, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old groups, peak prevalence was observed at age 14 (P < 0.05). In the 35-74-year-old group, the prevalence and mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person increased with age, and both parameters reached a peak in the 55-64-year-old group. The prevalence of dental calculus in the 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, 35-44-, 55-64- and 65-74-year-old group was 40.57%, 41.09%, 45.05%, 54.84%, 98.96%, 97.22%, and 92.01%, respectively, and on average, each person had 1.61, 1.71, 2.14, 3.52, 20.30, 20.55, and 17.26 teeth, respectively, with dental calculus. The prevalence and mean number of teeth with dental calculus increased with age. In the 35- to 74- year-old group, the prevalence of dental calculus was higher in urban areas than in rural areas and the mean number of teeth with dental calculus was higher in males than in females. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in the prevalence or the mean number of teeth with dental calculus or gingival bleeding between urban and rural areas or between males and females. @*Conclusion @#There is a high prevalence of both gingival bleeding and dental calculus in all 7 age groups in Guangdong, indicating that poor oral hygiene and gingival inflammation are common in Guangdong Province.

Evaluation of effects of smoking on gingival thickness – A clinical study

Introduction: Smoking is a known risk factor of periodontitis. Cotinine, a metabolic by product of nicotine is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Changes in gingival microvasculature, gingival epithelium take place which manifest clinically as decreased bleeding on probing and reduced inflammatory response, increased gingival thickness etc. Knowing the importance of gingival thickness in various root coverage procedures and restorative treatments in periodontics and the increased incidence and prevalence of smoking, assessing the relation between these two entities is becoming important. This clinical study is sought to compare the thickness of gingiva in systemically healthy smokers and non-smokers Materials and methods: 40 age matched smokers and non-smokers were considered for the present study. Gingival thickness was measured in the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth by transgingival probing using UNC-15 probe midbuccally in the attached gingiva and at the base of the interdental papilla. Plaque index and gingival bleeding index were recorded. Student’s independent ttest was employed for comparing various periodontal parameters between smokers and non-smokers. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All P-values were two tailed. Results: Both groups had similar gingival bleeding index and plaque index. Smokers had a higher thickness of gingiva both mid bucally and interdentally as compared to non-smokers. Conclusion: Both midbuccal and interdental areas are thicker among smokers when compared to nonsmokers at similar plaque and gingival bleeding levels.

A Case of Fatigue-Related Gingival Bleeding with Spleen Failing to Control the Blood Successfully Treated with Kamikihito During theTreatment of Other Symptoms / 日本東洋医学雑誌

In dentistry, it is empirically known that the acute exacerbation of periodontal disease often occurs at the time of fatigue, but scientific verification has never been made about the relationship of fatigue and bleeding. In Kampo medicine, there is the concept of spleen failing to control the blood as bleeding at the time of fatigue. Kihito and kamikihito are often used for this condition. Spleen failing to control the blood means that lack of vital energy causes the bleeding. Kamikihito is most often used in the treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Moreover, there have been some reports on the use of kamikihito in the treatment of gynecological fraud bleeding and aplastic anemia. However, there has been no report on the use of it in the treatment of gingival bleeding. In this case, neither cytopenia nor obvious coagulopathy was recognized. In Kampo medicine, not only spleen failing to control the blood but also blood stasis or blood heat is considered to be the cause of bleeding, but the effectiveness of kamikihito for this case suggested pathophysiology of spleen failing to control the blood. Kamikihito could be a choice to treat gingival bleeding at the time of fatigue.

Correlation between self-reported gingival bleeding and type 2 diabetes mellitus in aged ≥18 years adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the correlation between self-reported gingival bleeding and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults in China.Methods The database of China's 2010 Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) survey among people aged ≥ 18 years was used to analyze the demographic characteristics of subjects with self-reporting gingival bleeding and the prevalence of major chronic diseases among adults.Correlation and interaction analyses were conducted on the relationships between frequent gingival bleeding and T2DM,hypertension and dyslipidemia,and interaction of age and gingival bleeding,age and hypertension,age and dyslipidemia,age and gender on the prevalence of T2DM.Results Among 93 647 adults surveyed,87.4％ were in Han ethnic group.The incidence of frequent gingival bleeding was higher in females (63.6％) than in males (36.4％).The incidence of frequent gingival bleeding was highest (30.1％) in adults with middle school education level.Among the adults aged 45-60 years,12.8％(2 839/22 179) had T2MD but no gingival bleeding,15.6％ (163/1 044) had both frequent gingival bleeding and T2DM,frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM (OR=1.29,95％CI:1.08-1.54) and the interaction with age had influence on T2DM (P＜0.005).In males,frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM (OR=l.30,95％ CI:1.08-1.56,P=0.005).In hypertension group,frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM (OR=1.25,95％ CI:1.07-1.46),and interaction of hypertension and gingival bleeding had influence on T2DM (P＜0.05).Conclusions The positive correlation between frequent gingival bleeding and T2DM was observed in adults surveyed,and the interaction of age and hypertension had influence on prevalence of T2DM.Frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM in males either.

Correlation between self-reported gingival bleeding and type 2 diabetes mellitus in aged ≥18 years adults in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the correlation between self-reported gingival bleeding and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults in China.Methods The database of China's 2010 Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance (CCDRFS) survey among people aged ≥ 18 years was used to analyze the demographic characteristics of subjects with self-reporting gingival bleeding and the prevalence of major chronic diseases among adults.Correlation and interaction analyses were conducted on the relationships between frequent gingival bleeding and T2DM,hypertension and dyslipidemia,and interaction of age and gingival bleeding,age and hypertension,age and dyslipidemia,age and gender on the prevalence of T2DM.Results Among 93 647 adults surveyed,87.4％ were in Han ethnic group.The incidence of frequent gingival bleeding was higher in females (63.6％) than in males (36.4％).The incidence of frequent gingival bleeding was highest (30.1％) in adults with middle school education level.Among the adults aged 45-60 years,12.8％(2 839/22 179) had T2MD but no gingival bleeding,15.6％ (163/1 044) had both frequent gingival bleeding and T2DM,frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM (OR=1.29,95％CI:1.08-1.54) and the interaction with age had influence on T2DM (P＜0.005).In males,frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM (OR=l.30,95％ CI:1.08-1.56,P=0.005).In hypertension group,frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM (OR=1.25,95％ CI:1.07-1.46),and interaction of hypertension and gingival bleeding had influence on T2DM (P＜0.05).Conclusions The positive correlation between frequent gingival bleeding and T2DM was observed in adults surveyed,and the interaction of age and hypertension had influence on prevalence of T2DM.Frequent gingival bleeding was correlated with T2DM in males either.

Promotion of periodontal health through professional toothbrushing and education on the use of the interdental brush in the elderly / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study is intended to evaluate the effects of promotion of periodontal health in the elderly, through professional toothbrushing and education on the use of the interdental brush, using the Gingival Bleeding Index and the Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHP index). METHODS: The study was conducted on 87 participants, who had given the informed consent to participate in the study at a general hospital 'B' in Busan from June to August, 2011. After assessing the general health condition and the medical history of the participants, the Watanabe toothbrushing method was used for professional toothbrushing on four different visits, along with imparting of education on the use of the interdental brush for self-management. The periodontal health of the participants was assessed based on the extent of gingival bleeding, by using the Gingival Bleeding Index, and the degree of plaque accumulation, by using the Patient Hygiene Performance Index. The data thus obtained was analyzed using Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) (ver 9.13), followed by frequency analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the mixed effect model. RESULTS: The average gingival bleeding index was 1.65 at the commencement of the study and 1.25, 0.88, and 0.65, after the first, second and third trial, respectively. The PHP index of dental plaque was 2.90 prior to commencement of the study, 2.79, 2.77, and 2.76 after the first, second, and third trials, respectively, thus significantly improving with every successive visit. Gingival bleeding index and PHP index significantly reduced with every visit, regardless of age, smoking habits, or systemic chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, central nervous system or cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Education on the use of the interdental brush and professional tooth brushing promotes periodontal health, regardless of the chronic diseases seen in the elderly. Education on self-management of oral health, along with professional care at regular intervals should be recommended to effectively maintain periodontal health in the elderly.

Short-term evaluation of dental implants in a diabetic population: an in vivo study

PURPOSE: The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of implant supported tooth replacement in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved placement of implants (UNITI implants, Equinox Medical Technologies, Zeist, Holland, diameter of 3.7 mm and length 13 mm) in five diabetic patients (three females and two males) of age ranging from 35-65 years with acceptable metabolic control of plasma glucose. All patients included in the study were indicated for single tooth maxillary central incisor replacement, with the adjacent teeth intact. The survival of the restored implants was assessed for a period of three months by measurement of crestal bone heights, bleeding on probing and micro flora predominance. Paired t-test was done to find out the difference in the microbial colonization, bleeding on probing and crestal bone loss. P values of less than 0.05 were taken to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Results indicated that there was a significant reduction in bleeding on probing and colonization at the end of three months and the bone loss was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study explores the hypothesis that patients with diabetes are appropriate candidates for implants and justifies the continued evaluation of the impact of diabetes on implant success and complications.

Severe Recurrent Gingival Bleeding and Toothache Control in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis and Oral Metastatic Hepatoma: Report of a Case

Crown removal and endodontic drainage as a last method in active gingival bleeding with liver cirrhosis and periodontitis: a case report

The most common local cause of active gingival bleeding is the vessel engorgement and erosion by severe inflammation. Abnormal gingival bleeding is also associated with the systemic disturbances. Hemorrhagic disorders in which abnormal gingival bleeding is encountered include the following: vascular abnormalities (vitamin C deficiency or allergy), platelet disorders, hypoprothrombinemia (vitamin K deficiency resulting from liver disease), and other coagulation defects (hemophilia, leukemia). There are many conventional methods for gingival bleeding control, such as, direct pressure, electrocoagulation, direct suture, drainage, application of hemostatic agents and crushing and packing. If the active continuous gingival bleeding is not stopped in spite of the application of all conventional bleeding control methods, the life of patient is threatened owing to upper airway obstruction, syncope, vomiting and hypovolemic shock. Therefore, the rapid and correct hemostatic method is very important in the emergency dental care.

Tetralogy of Fallot: a case report and dental considerations / Tetralogia de Fallot: relato de caso com considerações dentárias

OBJETIVO: Apresentar um caso de Tetralogia de Fallot, uma doença cardíaca congênita grave, que pode causar um impacto nos tecidos dentários, os quais necessitam de tratamento. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento adequado de pacientes com problemas cardíacos depende do conhecimento do clínico a respeito da condição. Este relato enfatiza o manejo odontológico de pacientes com Tetralogia de Fallot.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of Tetralogy of Fallot, a serious congenital heart disease, which can have an impact upon the dental tissue and which needs dental care. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Successful management of cardiac patients depends upon, knowledge about the condition. This paper highlights on dental management of Tetralogy of Fallot patients.

Periodontal status in female psychiatric patients / Estado periodontal de pacientes psiquiátricas

Objective: To establish the periodontal status in female psychiatric patients from ®Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro¼ Mental Hospital at Pasto, Colombia in 2007. Methodology: We evaluated 59 patients and assessed Quigley-Hein and sulcus bleeding indexes, clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival enlargement, tooth displacement, and furcation involvement. Variables such as age, hospitalization, mental illness, other systemic condition and psychiatric medications were analyzed. Results: The Quigley-Hein Index was 3.05, SD=1.56, sulcus bleeding index on probing index was 3.08, SD=1.54. Of the women 49.2% had a clinical attachment loss (CAL) of 7 mm. There was an increasing percentage of CAL from 5 to 7 mm in patients with more than 10 years of hospitalization. Women with schizophrenia and mental retardation showed CAL from 2 to 7 mm. Patients who ingested antipsychotics-antiparkinsonians had CAL of 17 mm. Conclusions: Periodontal disease is severe in these patients and might be influenced by hospitalization, mental illness, and medication.

Objetivo: Establecer el estado periodontal de pacientes psiquiátricas del Hospital Mental ®Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro¼ en Pasto, Colombia en 2007. Metodología: Se evaluaron 59 pacientes y se valoraron los índices Quigley-Hein y sangrado de surco, pérdida de inserción clínica, alargamiento gingival, movilidad dental y compromiso de furca. También se analizaron variables como edad, hospitalización, enfermedad mental, otras condiciones sistémicas y medicamentos psiquiátricos.Resultados: El índice Quigley-Hein Index fue 3.05, DE=1.56, el índice de sangrado de surco fue 3.08, DE=1.54. De las mujeres 49.2% tuvieron una pérdida de inserción clínica (PIC) de 7 mm. Existió un incremento del porcentaje de PIC de 5 a 7 mm en pacientes con más de 10 años de hospitalización. Las mujeres con esquizofrenia y retardo mental mostraron PIC de 2 a 7 mm. Las pacientes que ingerían antipsicóticos-antiparkinsonianos tuvieron un PIC de 17 mm. Conclusiones: La enfermedad periodontal es severa en estas pacientes y podría ser influida por la hospitalización, la enfermedad mental y la medicación.

A survey of oral health status of population in Gansu Province / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To explore the oral health status of population in Gansu Province and get scientific information for oral diseases prevention. Methods: An equal-sized stratified multi-stage random sampling design was applied in the investigation. According to standard and method used in the third national oral health epidemiological investigation, the oral health investigation was made in 3 158 people aged 5 years, 12 years, 35-44 years and 65-74 years with a gender ratio of half to half in Gansu. Results: The caries prevalence rate was 55.80%, 19.09%, 61.95% and 78.63% and the caries-filling rate was 3.11%, 10.76%,10.34% and 4.60% in the four groups respectively. Detection rates of gingival bleeding and dental calculus were 82.81%, 93.55%, 85.34% and 69.66%, 99.37%, 92.54% in 12, 35-44 and 65-74 groups respectively. Detection rates of periodontal pocket and diseases of oral mucosa were 60.94%, 62.20% and 6.32%, 7.71% in 35-44 and 65-74 groups respectively. The most denture-prosthesis was removable partial dentures and irregular fixed bridge. Conclusion: The prevalence of caries is serious but better than the average results of the nation in 2005 and the results of Gansu in 1995. The prevalence of periodontal disease is more serious than the results of the nation in 2005. It is essential to strengthen oral health education and oral health service, especially in rural area in Gansu, so as to ensure the oral diseases be treated in time and effectively.