Phytochemical screening and evaluation of analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Phaseolus vulgaris linn., seeds in rodents.

With an objective of developing some novel analgesic and antiinflammatory natural agents with fast acting and low toxicity profile here in, the different extracts of Phaseolus vulgaris (Linn) seeds were evaluated for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities using glacial acetic acid induced writhing and carrageenan induced rat paw oedema method respectively. For screening of the extracts for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities aspirin and diclofenac were used as standard drugs respectively. Petroleum ether extract exhibited significant analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. The petroleum ether extract can be considered as a potential candidate for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. The presence of steroids and flavonoids in petroleum ether extract of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn., seeds could be attributed for the analgesic and antiinflammatory activities.

Improvement of the current routine method of WBC counting in cerebrospinal fluid / 重庆医学

Objective To improve the reliability and accuracy of WBC counting in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ,this article is stud-ying the improved method of WBC counting in CSF by finding out the optimum percentage of CSF specimen with the most suitable concentration of acetic acid .Methods CSF specimen was mixed with different acetic acid at different ratio respectively .WBC counts were performed in 5 minutes on diluted samples of various concentrations .A series of 20 CSF specimens were analyzed via the proposed assay and conventional method .The average value and coefficient of variation (CV) of WBC count of each sample were c compared and analyzed .Results The optimum percentage of CSF sample was obtained at 60∶40 ratio .In this percentage , the maximal WBC count (189/μL) was obtained compared that of conventional method (161/μL) .Moreover ,the CV of the WBC counts in this percentage (7% ) was also lower than that of the conventional method (18% ) .Conclusion The reliability and accur-ancy of WBC counting in CSF was the optimum percentage of CSF specimen and 5% acetic acid was 60 :40 .It may lead to a more reliable ,accurate and standard way of WBC counts in CSF .

A Case of Successful Treatment for Acute Complication Caused by Ingestion of a Large Amount of Glacial Acetic Acid

Glacial acetic acid, a caustic substance of strong acidity, can easily be found in our daily lives; sometimes, it is drunk for the purpose of suicide, or it can be misjudged as a beverage. Glacial acetic acid is corrosive and toxic, therefore, even a tiny amount may cause fatal damage, such as gastrointestinal injury and systemic complication. A 66-year-old male patient, based on the wrong information, that glacial acetic acid is a healthy beverage, ingested 250 mL of 99% glacial acetic acid. Complications included gastric perforation, hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, and liver dysfunction. We achieved successful treatment through performance of emergency surgery and hemodialysis on the patient, who had ingested a more than fatal dose of glacial acetic acid; herein, we would like to report on the case along with a review of the literature.

The Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis after Acute Ingestion of Glacial Acetic Acid

PURPOSE: A retrospective study with a literature review was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics and prognosis after the acute ingestion of glacial acetic acid. METHODS: The medical records of 20 patients,who had presented to the emergency department of Ajou University Hospital complaining of the acute ingestion of glacial acetic acid between January 2006 and December 2011, were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 172 patients admitted for caustics injury, 20 patients ingested glacial acetic acid. The mean age of the patients was 55+/-23.5, and the mean volume of the acid was 84.5+/-71.3 ml. The clinical features included 1) oral ulcers in 12 patients (63.2%), 2) respiratory difficulties in 11 patients (57.9%), 3) oliguria in 8 patients (42.1%), 4) renal toxicity in 7 patients (36.8%), 5) hepatic failure in 7 patients (36.8%), 6) disseminated intravascular boagulopathyin 7 patients (36.8%), 7) low blood pressure in 8 patients (42.1%), and 8) mental changes in 9 patients (47.4%). Ten patients required endotracheal intubation. Nine patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 5 patients expired. CONCLUSION: The ingestion of glacial acetic acid can cause severe symptoms, such as metabolic acidosis, multiple organ failure and upper airway swelling frequently and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, aggressive treatment, including endotracheal intubation, should be considered at the early stages.

A Case of Acute Renal Failure Caused by Ingestion of Glacial Acetic Acid / 대한신장학회잡지

Acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a pungent vinegar-like order. Glacial acetic acid is 99% acetic acid. Acetic acid may lead to different effect on the damaged organ. Acetic acid ingestion is most common and results in pharyngeal, esophageal and GI burns, bleeding and volume depletion. Systemic effect include hemolysis, hepatic dysfunction, hypotension, renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation after ingestion of 90-100% acetic acid. Acute renal failure in acetic acid poisoning is rare and the mechanism of acute renal failure remains unclear. But tubular toxic effect of myoglobin or hemoglobin and direct action of acetic acid are suggested as the mechanism. Because of the acute renal failure may be fatal, the immediate treatment of hemolysis, substitution of blood and clotting factor and hemodialysis lead to improvement in general condition and renal function.