La paz en la diversidad: análisis sobre la inclusión a la inversa en contextos educativos / Peace in diversity: analysis about reverse inclusion in educational contexts

En el presente artículo se demuestra la importancia de la construcción de cultura de paz, de niños y niñas de quinto de primaria en la Institución Educativa Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur en el año 2018. Para la escritura del marco teórico se tuvo en cuenta el concepto cultura de paz y algunas fuentes de expertos sobre el tema, las cuales definen y mencionan la responsabilidad del Estado y la escuela en lo correspondiente a la formación moral para lograr desarrollar una cultura de paz. Asimismo, el estudio se acoge a un paradigma cualitativo de corte descriptivo y se orienta bajo el tipo de investigación etnográfica. Las técnicas de recolección de información aplicadas para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos propuestos son: la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el grupo focal. Entre los resultados relevantes, se destaca que las unidades de análisis mismas concluyen que las acciones violentas no dan solución a los problemas que se presentan en el escenario educativo

This article demonstrates the importance of building a culture of peace for boys and girls in the fifth grade of the Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur Educational Institution in 2018. For the writing of the theoretical framework, the concept of the culture of peace and some sources of experts on the subject, which define and mention the responsibility of the State and the school, in what corresponds to the moral formation to develop a culture of peace. Likewise, the study follows a qualitative descriptive paradigm and is oriented under the type of ethnographic research. The information-gathering techniques applied to fulfill the proposed objectives are participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and the focus group. From the relevant results, it is highlighted that the units of the analysis themselves conclude that violent actions do not provide a solution to the problems that arise in the educational setting

Metamodelo sistêmico de interação de indivíduos em grupos / Systemic metamodel of individuals interaction in groups

Mudanças cognitivas na vida de um sujeito podem ser avaliadas através de manifestações indiretas, como o comportamento e a linguagem.Apresentamos um Metamodelo teórico para analisar as mudanças de valores,crenças e de conduta de indivíduos quando estão em grupos. A mudança, que produz uma reeducação cultural, pode ser compreendida a partir das teorias de Dinâmica de Grupo, da Psicologia Cognitiva e da Teoria de Redes, auxiliadas pela ótica da Teoria dos Sistemas.

Cognitive changes in the life of a person can be evaluated through indirectmanifestations, such as the behavior and language and thus infer the type ofcognitive change. We present a theoretical Metamodel to analyze the changesin values, beliefs and behavior of individuals when they are in groups. Thechange, which produces a cultural re-education, can be understood from thegroup dynamics theories, Cognitive Psychology and Network Theory, aided bythe viewpoint of Systems Theory

A importância da dinâmica de grupo no tratamento da dependência de substâncias psicoativas em uma comunidade terapêutica / The importance of group dynamics in the treatment of psychoactive substances in a therapeutic community

Introdução: o uso de substâncias psicoativas é um grave problema social e de saúde pública em nossa realidade. A Dinâmica de Grupo trata-se de um instrumento de intervenção que auxilia no desenvolvimento do relacionamento grupal e interpessoal, na motivação, no aprendizado e no amadurecimento de um indivíduo. Objetivo: verificar a importância da dinâmica de grupo no tratamento da Dependência de Substâncias Psicoativas em uma Comunidade Terapêutica. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, que teve como instrumento para a coleta de dados a observação sistemática. Para a análise dos resultados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: as dinâmicas desenvolvidas promoveram reflexões importantes e auxiliaram no desenvolvimento da autoestima, valorização da família, desejo de reconquistar espaço no mercado de trabalho, necessidade de ajudar o próximo no seu tratamento, aumento do nível de comunicação interpessoal, além de ter proporcionado conhecimento sobre a necessidade de substituição dos prazeres existentes com o uso de drogas por outros prazeres. Conclusão: a dinâmica de grupo é um instrumento de intervenção psicossocial importante durante o tratamento em Comunidade Terapêutica.

Introduction: the use of psychoactive substances is a serious social and public health problem in our reality. Group Dynamics is an intervention instrument that assists in the development of group and interpersonal relationships, in the motivation, learning and maturation of an individual. Objective: this study aimed to verify the importance of group dynamics in the treatment of Psychoactive Substance Dependence in a Therapeutic Community. Method: it is an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which had as instrument for the data collection the systematic observation. For the analysis of the results, the Bardin content analysis technique was used. Results: the developed dynamics promoted important reflections and helped in the development of self-esteem, the valorization of the family, the desire to regain space in the labor market, the need to help others in their treatment, increase the level of interpersonal communication, the need to replace existing pleasures with the use of drugs for other pleasures. Conclusion: group dynamics is an important psychosocial intervention instrument during treatment in the Therapeutic Community.

O ensino da técnica grupal na graduação em Psicologia / The teaching of group technique in graduation in Psychology / La enseñanza de técnica de grupo en la graduación en Psicología

Objetiva-se apresentar e discutir o ensino sobre grupos no curso Psicologia da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Entende-se que a compreensão acerca dos processos grupais e modalidades de intervenção em grupo mostra-se como algo necessário ao psicólogo em formação. Esta qualificação ocorre, principalmente, por meio de uma disciplina, de caráter teórico-prático - Dinâmica de Grupo e Relações Humanas. Esta disciplina de Dinâmica de Grupo trabalha não apenas teoricamente as técnicas de intervenção grupal como também é permeada por atividades práticas com o intuito de desenvolver habilidades para coordenação de grupos. Observa-se, por meio desta disciplina e metodologia empregada, que as estratégias utilizadas para o ensino de grupos neste contexto se configura como um percurso interessante e pertinente para os cursos de graduação em Psicologia.

The objective is to present and discuss the teaching of groups in the psychology course at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina. It is understood that the understanding of group processes and group modalities of intervention shows up as necessary to the psychologist in training. This qualification occurs then through one academic subject that has a theoretical and practical nature - Group Dynamics and Human Relations. This academic subject of Group Dynamics works not only theoretically the group intervention techniques but is also permeated by practical activities in order to develop skills for group coordination. It is observed through this course and methodology employed, that the strategies used for teaching groups in this context is configured as an interesting and relevant way for graduate courses in Psychology.

El objetivo es presentar y discutir la enseñanza de grupos en la curso de psicologia en la Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Se entiende que la comprensión de los procesos de grupo y procedimiento de intervención grupal aparece como necesaria para el psicólogo en la formación. Esta calificación es entonces a través de unas disciplinas, de naturaleza teórica y práctica - Dinámica de Grupo y Relaciones Humanas. Este curso de Dinámica de Grupos funciona no sólo con teoría de las técnicas de intervención en grupo, pero también está impregnado de actividades prácticas con el fin de desarrollar habilidades para coordinar grupos. Se observa a través de esta disciplina y metodología empleados, que las estrategias utilizadas para la enseñanza de los grupos en este contexto se configura como una manera interesante y relevante para los cursos de licenciatura en Psicología.

Study on Extraction Process of Ferulic Acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix with Technology of Three Can Group Dynamic Countercurrent / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize technology of three can group dynamic countercurrent extraction process of ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Methods The content of ferulic acid was determined by HPLC. With content of ferulic acid as index, comprehensive test was used to investigate effect of extraction solvent and extraction time on extraction efficiency.Results The optimum process parameters were as follows:extraction solvent with 10 times of water;20 minutes for each extraction time.Conclusion The process which uses method of three can group of dynamic countercurrent extraction of ferulic acid from Angelicae Sinensis Radix is reliable, highly efficient and energy saving.

Training Group with Mental Health Professionals / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Training group with mental health professionals includes didactic process, experience as a member(patient) and a leader(therapist). It is divided into four parts as like 1) lecture, case conference, book reading and seminar about theory and practice, 2) observation, 3) training group(including workshop), and 4) supervision. Among them, the training group and the supervision have been accepted as the most effective methods. Authors have developed and practiced the training group model for mental health professionals including psychiatric residents which aim for the activation of group psychotherapy in mental health area, psychiatrists' initiative in group psychotherapy area, and the training and nurturing of qualified mental health professionals. The objectives of this study are as follows;firstly, we examine the change of defense mechanism and ego function after performing group psychotherapy for mental health professionals;secondly, we analyze the therapeutic factors reported that participants were helped;thirdly, we analyze main features which include group content and process manifested in training group:lastly, we have objectives that the training group is settled down as an effective educational method to foster the personal growth and qualification as a specialist, and also that this study provides a basic research data to set up the training program and the requirements for group psychotherapy. METHODS: This study was performed 5 times from 1997 to 2000. The participants were composed of 37 mental health professionals including psychiatric residents. Among them, 29 participants(male 2, female 27) were chosen as the final subjects except 9 participants dropped out in the process of this study. At first, we take an application of pre-treatment/post-treatment experimental design to evaluate the personality change after performing the training group. EDMT(Ewha Defence Mechanism Test) and EC(Egogram Checklist), the objective questionnaires, were used as the evaluation scale. And 13-therapeutic factor scale and simple subjective questionnaires were performed just after each session and the self-report total assessment questionnaires were performed at the end of this study. RESULTS: To compare mean scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment in EDMT, the mature defense was increased significantly, the immature defense was decreased significantly, and the narcissistic defense and neurotic defense were not changed significantly. To compare mean scores between pre-treatment and post-treatment in EC, Nurturing Parent(NP), Adult(A) and Free Child(FC) were increased significantly. Therapeutic factors ranked highly were interpersonal learning, existential factor, Identification with therapist, catharsis, and socializing technique in order. The total assessment questionnaires reported that the 100% of participants were helped, the 48.3% of participants were changed in their lives, the 89.7% of participants would propose training group to others positively, and the 58.6% of participants had minds to join this kind of program if given again for them. CONCLUSIONS: This result showed that the defense mechanism and ego function of participants were changed. The training group experience makes participants reflect themselves, examine their conflicts and understand others. That also gives them chances of improving insight about group phenomena and understanding about therapeutic factors essential to the mental health professionals, having confidence on the group therapy by learning leadership and techniques, and improving understanding about the psychotherapy on the whole. Therefore, it is needed in the future that the training group would be widely adapted as an educational tool of psychotherapy and group psychotherapy for the mental health professionals as well as psychiatric residents in mental health area.

Appropriate Group Size for Small-Group Learning / 医学教育

We examined appropriate group size and related factors in a small-group learning system conducted in a single department with sociomedical themes. The students were randomly divided into 4-and 6-person groups, and results of evaluations of the students and teaching staff were compared. The results suggest that the smaller the group, the more committed the students are to studying. Furthermore, teaching staff should participate in group discussion to deal with inactive students or to improve group dynamics.