Association of Skeletal and Dental Maturity Indicators with the Onset of Menarche and Its Applicability for Growth Modification of Jaw Bases in Females Aged between 7 and 14 Years

Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for skeletal problems in growing children must involve growth prediction. Apart from the knowledge of chronological, dental and skeletal age of a growing patient, it is also mandatory to predict growth and its outcome during the treatment. In females, onset of menarche is a sign of pubertal growth and a biological skeletal maturity indicator. Studies have shown that there is an association amongst skeletal and dental maturity indicators. This study was therefore designed to estimate association between skeletal- and dental-maturity indicators and onset of menarche in females and evaluate its applicability for growth modification in females.METHODS140 female patients were divided into 7 groups and each patient was asked about their menarcheal status. Radiographs such as orthopantomography, lateral cephalogram and middle phalanx of third finger were taken from each patient to assess the CVMI status, stages of dental calcification and MP3 stages.RESULTSThe correlation between onset of menarche, CVMI status, stages of dental calcification and MP3 stages is of high statistical significance (p-0.0001).CONCLUSIONSThere are strong correlations between all the parameters studied which signifies that assessment of skeletal maturation with any of the above methods studied, gives exact growth maturation age of the patient.

Prediction on vertical craniofacial bone relationship in patients withskeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion based on genetic algorithms method / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To establish the quantitative relationship equation of the crantiofacial vertical points in the skeletal classⅡ malocclusion patients with various vertical types by using genetic algorithms method,and to express the measured values in the patients with different gender with the same formula.Methods:A total of 155 skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion patients without treatment,aged from 10 to 18 years old,were selected and divided into high-angle group(n=50),average-angle group(n=58),low-angle group(n=47);5 samples were randomly selected in each group as the test samples,the rest as the experimental sample.The cephalometic radiographs were performed and measured.The relevant influencing factors of craniofacial structure were ensured.The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the equation parameters to obtain the correlation equation.The error between the predicted value and the measured value was compared.Results:The various parameters had no significant differences between different gender in high-angle,average-angle and low-angle groups(P>0.05);then the men and the women with same type were combined,most of the indicators had statistically significant differences between three groups (P0.05).Conclusion:The quantitative relationship equation of the crantiofacial vertical points in the skeletal class Ⅱmalocclusion patients with various vertical types established with genetic algorithms may show the vertical quantitative relationship and predict the growth to a certain degree.

Skeletal maturation evaluation using mandibular third molar development in adolescents / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: To estimate dental maturity using the Demirjian Index for the mandibular third molar and investigate the relationships between dental maturity and skeletal maturity among growing children. METHODS: The samples were derived from panoramic, lateral cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 270 female subjects registered as patients at the orthodontic department, dental hospital, Yonsei University. Dental maturity [Demirjian Index (DI)] and skeletal maturity [skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs)] and cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMIs)] were estimated from these radiographs. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation (r = 0.64) between SMIs and DI, and a similar correlation (r = 0.59) was observed between CVMIs and DI (p < 0.001). If DI was above Stage E, then the SMI was above Stage 10 and the CVMI was above Stage 5. There was a weak correlation (r = 0.26) between age at menarche and DI (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in DI among Class I, II or III malocclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Dental maturity evaluation using the mandibular third molar will be an adjunctive tool in combination with cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturity evaluations.

Evaluation of craniofacial growth prediction method on Class III malocclusion patients / 대한치과교정학회지

This study was performed to evaluate whether growth prediction method can be used to diagnose and make treatment plan in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients or not. The sample was consisted of 25 patients(13 males, 12 females) who had been diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion at first visit and after that had returned to take orthognathic surgery. Growth prediction performed with Ricketts' growth prediction method from first cephalogram was compared with actual growth of the second cephalogram. The findings of this study were as follows ; 1. There was significant difference between actual growth and growth prediction in Porion Location, Ramus Position, Facial Depth, Facial Axis, Mandibular Plane angle, Maxillary Convexity. So, for these items Ricketts' growth prediction method is not proper to predict growth. 2. Although the growth amount of mandibular body was similar to normal growth amount, mandible was positioned anteriorly because of Porion Location and Ramus Position. 3. In skeletal Class III malocclusion patients, the tendency of mandibular prognathism might be aggreviated because of anterior placement of ramus and anterosuperior rotation of pogonion.

Evaluation of Gestational Age Based on Ultrasound Fetal Growth Measurements

Monitoring fetal growth and assessing its predictors have important place in antenatal care management. Accurate prediction of gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) is clinically important. Standard growth curve chosen should be evaluated to see if it satisfies the criteria for a valid assesment. In this paper, for the purpose of contributing to develop national standards and to evaluate Hadlock's standard data pertaining to 1411 fetuses were examined. Of 1411 normally growing fetuses, one measurement for AC, BPD and FL was taken by ultrasound. GA was assessed via menstrual history which is also confirmed by ultrasonography. Several variables, AC, BPD, FL, FL/AC, BPD/FL and dependent variables (GA & BW) were modelled mathematically. Percentile values, correlation coefficients were calculated and well functioning regression equations were produced for the fetal growth evaluation. Simple correlation model re-confirmed that AC, BPD and FL were well predictors of GA. Via modelling by multivariate regression analysis (adj. R2=937), GA=4.945 (95% CI: 4.661- 5.654) + .606 AC + .105 BPD + .286 FL can be estimated. It couldn't be possible establishing an appropriate equation for prediction of BW vith current data. Our study is intended to draw an attention on requirement of national standards although Hadlock's standard growth curve may evaluate fetal development accurately. Forming comprehensive cohort group is under our consideration. The equation we developped (shown in the results), might be a working contribution.

The evaluation of sella turcica on the shape and volume in class III patients / 대한치과교정학회지

Sella turcica contains pituitary gland that has influence on craniofacial growth So, if the volume of sella turcica correlate to the function of pituitary gland, we can assume that the volume of sella turcica in skeletal Class III patients has some difference to that of normal occlusion group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of shape and volume of sella turcica between normal occlusion group and Class III patients. The shape of sella turcica was Classified by Inaba method and the volume of sella turcica was measured in lateral and P-A cephalograms by Di Chiro method. To find out the possibility of the volume of sella turcica as diagnostic aid to predict Class III growth pattern, the correlation coefficients between the volume of sella and cephalometric variables were calculated. The results were as follows. 1. The volume of sella turcica in Class III patients is larger than that of normal occlusion groups. 2. The volume of sella turcica in female was larger than that of male in Class III patients. 3. The volume of sella turcica has close correlation with APDL ANB, SNA, SNB, ODI, gonial angle, post. cranial base length. 4. Sella Index (volume of sella / ant. cranial base length) can be a more accurate indicator that represent Class III growth pattern than volume of sella itself. 5. The morphologic pattern of sella turcica had no significant difference between two groups.

A study on the mandibular growth prediction and size of the frontal sinus / 대한치과교정학회지

This author tried to find if the size of the frontal sinus can be used as a diagnostic aid to predict the mandibular growth pattern in growing patients-in lateral cephalogram utilizing the fact the the frontal sinus completes its growth in earlier stage but the mandible continues to grow until later. At this study, the 228 samples were divided into 3 groups as skeletal Class I , II, III malocclusions and three indicies(ANB, APDI, Wits) were measured which hidicate the mandibular body length and the antero-posterior relationship of maxilla and mandible to evaluate their relations with frontal sinus. And results were obtained as followings. 1. The size of frontal sinus is highly related to ANB, APDI, Wits and mandilar body length(p<0.001) 2. the size of the frontal sinus of the Cl III malocclusion group was on the lateral cephalogram larger than Cl I and C1 II group.

A study on correlationship between craniofacial growth pattern and symphysis morphology / 대한치과교정학회지

Craniofacial growth pattern is an important diagnostic data in the course of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning ; it also has great influence in the establishment of occlusion as well as shaping and development of face. There have been many studies to classify different craniofacial growth patterns and attempts to predict growth patterns. This study aimed to correlate craniofacial growth pattern and symphysis morphology. 120 adult patients with age from 19 to 39 (mean age: 23.1) were chosen as subjects ; using lateral cephalometric films. their anterior to posterior facial height ratios were calculated. They were divided into 3 groupzs - clockwise growth pattern with 56%-62%(36subjects), counter-clockwise growth pattern group with 65%-80%(43subjects) and normal growth pattern group with 62%-65%(41subjects). Symphysis morphology and prominence evaluation in each subject were studied and the following conclusions were drawn: 1. In comparison of symphysis morphology between the sex groups, men showed large symphysis height and prominence. 2. Concerning the symphysis morphology, the clockwise growth pattern group showed larger height, H/D ratio and actual length but smaller depth, angle, effective length and E/A ratio compared to the counter-clockwise growth pattern group. 3. Those with smaller prominance of symphysis showed clockwise growth tendency and those with larger pro-minance showed counter-clockwise growth tendency.