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Resumo A sociedade contemporânea convive com incertezas e vulnerabilidades que exigem a atuação dos sistemas regulatórios na fiscalização do comércio eletrônico de medicamentos não registrados e/ou falsificados. Investiga-se o trabalho dos profissionais da vigilância sanitária federal na fiscalização de medicamentos na internet e os elementos que orientam sua decisão técnica. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso único, ancorada na abordagem ergológica, entre dezembro de 2020 e setembro de 2021, por meio de entrevistas e observação participante. Os mapas ergodialógicos, elaborados no Atlas.ti, subsidiaram a análise das práticas discursivas classificadas conforme esquema tripolar saber-agir-valor, resultando em três categorias. O profissional é sempre convocado a fazer escolhas e gerir situações imprevisíveis, havendo inquietações sobre a capacidade institucional para compreender e agir sobre o problema. O trabalho adquire, assim, o sentido de "enxugar gelo", em função do volume de demandas e dos poucos efeitos da fiscalização no mercado eletrônico de medicamentos. As normas, o conhecimento técnico, a experiência e a responsabilidade social, dentre outros elementos, estão presentes na tomada de decisão dos profissionais, conscientes de que, ao agir, protegem a saúde da população. Constata-se que diferentes saberes, científicos ou empíricos, podem qualificar melhor o sistema decisório na fiscalização, tornando-o mais efetivo, assertivo e transparente.
Abstract Contemporary society is plagued with uncertainties and vulnerabilities, demanding from regulatory systems the surveillance of unregistered and/or falsified medicines sold online. This study investigates the work of federal health surveillance professionals in the inspection of medicines sold online and the elements that guide their technical decision. A qualitative, single case study based on the ergological approach was conducted between December 2020 and September 2021, with data collected by interviews and participant observation. Ergodialogical maps, developed using Atlas.ti, underlined the analysis of discursive practices classified according to the tri-polar knowledge-action-value schema, resulting in three categories. Professionals are always called upon to decide on and manage unpredictable situations, questioning the institutional capacity to understand and act on the problem. The work thus takes on the sense of "rolling a stone uphill" due to the volume of demands and the limited effects of surveillance on the e-commerce of medicines. Norms, technical knowledge, experience, and social responsibility, among other elements, inform the decision-making process of professionals, who are aware that, by acting, they protect public health. Different forms of knowledge, scientific or experiential, can better qualify decision-making in surveillance, making it more effective, assertive, and transparent.
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This paper discusses from two aspects of case writing and PBL implementation experience. PBL cases should be based on professional requirements and reflect professional characteristics. Health inspection and quarantine cases targeted at application-oriented talent cultivation can be integrated into relevant experimental skills items. At the same time, the forms of case writing are expanded according to the differences of theme forms, which are designed as parallel cases and serial cases, so as to be applicable to the curriculum integration in different areas. In the implementation of PBL teaching, students' learning status is the key to the efficiency of classroom discussion, which determines whether the implementation of PBL is completely autonomous learning or embedded instruction. Teachers should establish cooperative learning atmosphere to improve the efficiency of classroom discussion
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Introdução: este estudo apresentou, como problema, inconsistências nos relatórios de inspeção sanitária da microrregião Leopoldina/Cataguases - MG. Objetivo: analisar os relatórios sanitários que contemplam as Boas Práticas de Dispensação em Drogarias e Farmácias para a elaboração de um Programa de Educação Permanente em Vigilância Sanitária (VISA). Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de caráter exploratório, longitudinal. O cenário da pesquisa foram as VISA dos municípios da região de saúde Leopoldina/Cataguases - MG, composto por dez municípios. O estudo analisou os relatórios de inspeção sanitária elaborados nos anos de 2017, 2018 e 2019, nas inspeções em drogarias na região de saúde Leopoldina/Cataguases. A pesquisa foi submetida ao CEP/UFF, tendo sido aprovado conforme Parecer Consubstanciado de Aprovação nº 4.312.957. Como técnicas de coleta de dados, foi utilizada a análise documental dos relatórios de inspeção sanitária. Aplicou-se um roteiro produzido para a pesquisa de modo a verificar as questões existentes nos relatórios elaborados pelos fiscais. Resultados: foram identificadas inconsistências nos relatórios, baixo percentual de aplicação das questões selecionadas do roteiro padronizado da SES, e diferença entre a elaboração por fiscais farmacêuticos e não farmacêuticos. Discussão: as equipes que fiscalizavam drogarias nos 10 municípios possuíam uma diversidade em sua constituição quanto a formação profissional e quantitativo que inspecionavam esses estabelecimentos, tendo o porte do município grande influência nessa constituição. A multiprofissionalidade se destacou entre as equipes estudadas. Na avaliação dos relatórios, as divergências encontradas nas inspeções com a presença ou não do farmacêutico trouxe impactos significativos no resultado final dos documentos da vigilância sanitária. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados dos dados obtidos e analisados, foi proposto um produto de ensino. O desenvolvimento da oficina com a utilização de metodologias ativas nas oficinas contribuiu para minimizar a falta de definição de equipe mínima e perfil profissional definidos pela Anvisa para inspeções em drogarias. Produto: o Programa de Educação Permanente em Vigilância Sanitária em Drogarias foi construído partir das necessidades dos fiscais identificadas através da metodologia do Arco de Maguerez, utilizando um vídeo construído para representar a identificação da realidade, sendo o disparador da oficina. Assim, utilizou-se a problematização para a construção de soluções que contribuíssem na qualificação do trabalho das vigilâncias sanitárias em drogarias na microrregião Leopoldina/Cataguases.
Introduction: this study presented as a problem inconsistency in the sanitary inspection reports of the Leopoldina/Cataguases - MG microregion. Objective: To analyze the health reports that contemplate the Good Dispensing Practices in Drugstores and Pharmacies for the elaboration of a Permanent Education Program in Health Surveillance (VISA). Methodology: this is a quantitative, exploratory, longitudinal study. The research scenario was the VISAS of the municipalities in the Leopoldina/Cataguases - MG health region, comprising 10 municipalities. The study analyzed the health inspection reports prepared in 2017, 2018 and 2019, in inspections in drugstores in the Leopoldina/Cataguases Health Region. The research was submitted to CEP/UFF, having been approved according to the Substantiated Opinion of Approval nº 4.312.957. As data collection techniques, documental analysis of the generated sanitary inspection reports were used. A script elaborated for the research was applied and through it the existing questions were verified in the reports prepared by the inspectors. From the results of the data obtained and analyzed, a teaching product was proposed. Results: inconsistencies were identified in the reports and a low percentage of application of the selected questions from the SES standardized script and a difference between preparation by pharmaceutical and non-pharmacist inspectors. Discussion: the teams that inspected drugstores in the 10 municipalities had a diversity in their constitution regarding the professional and quantitative training that inspected these establishments, with the size of the municipality having a great influence on this constitution. Multiprofessionalism stood out among the teams studied. In evaluating the reports, the divergences found in the inspections with the presence or absence of the pharmacist had significant impacts on the final result of the health surveillance documents. Conclusion: Based on the results of the data obtained and analyzed, a teaching product was proposed. The development of the workshop with the use of active methodologies in the workshops helped to minimize the lack of definition of the minimum team and professional profile defined by Anvisa for inspections in drugstores. Product: the Permanent Education Program in Sanitary Surveillance in Drugstores was built from the needs of inspectors identified through the Arco de Maguerez methodology, using a video built to represent the identification of reality, being the trigger of the workshop. Thus, problematization was used to build solutions that would contribute to the qualification of the work of sanitary surveillance in drugstores in the Leopoldina/Cataguases microregion.
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Health Surveillance , Education, Continuing , Sanitary Supervision , Sanitary InspectionABSTRACT
The health inspection and quarantine specialty is a new undergraduate specialty published by Ministry of Education in 2012.But the health inspection professional or preventive medicine (health inspection subspectialty) set in our country put more emphasis on the content of health inspectionor medical examination,rarely involved in the Quarantine content.Therefore,according to the new professional requirements and training objectives,combined with other quarantine specialty course teaching experience and the disciplinary characteristics,we explored a feasible way to develop the discipline and training,from the health and quarantine courses setting,teaching theory,teaching practice,teaching evaluation and management aspects.
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Objective To learn performance appraisal status of Inspection Agency, Shanghai Pudong New Area Commission of Health and Family Planning in order to find out the weak points and to improve the efficiency of daily work. Methods The performance appraisal data from 2012 to 2015 were collected and its database was set up, and was analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results The overall work of health inspection agency was reflected by the performance appraisal system.The result fluctuated over quarters, and the quarter performances of different departments kept the same trends.The annual results differed significantly, which was the lowest in 2012 and highest in 2014.The annual results of different departments were relatively even. Conclusoi n More attention should be paid to the performance appraisal work and the indexes of performance appraisal system should be further improved, and the appraisal forms should be diversified.
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Se presenta un breve comentario acerca del trabajo desarrollado por el Registro Sanitario en el año 2013, con la finalidad de informar a los interesados en este tema sobre los logros, debilidades y proyecciones de trabajo que se ha trazado este colectivo de especialistas para los próximos años(AU)
A brief commentary is presented about the work done by the Health Registry in the year 2013, with the purpose of informing those interested in the topic about the achievements, weaknesses and work projections set by this team of specialists for the coming years(AU)
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Humans , Health Surveillance/ethics , Health Surveillance Services , Sanitary Inspection , Total Quality Management/analysis , Forms and Records Control/methodsABSTRACT
Objective] By analyzing the human resources allocation fairness in Pudong New Area Health Inspection Agency in 2012, to provide a basis for optimizing allocation of human resources in health inspection area . [ Methods] The human resources situation in 10 health inspection branches were in-vestigated in 2012,and Lorenz curve ,Gini coefficient analysis was done on human resource allocation fair-ness. [ Results] In 2012,the Gini coefficient of the human resources distribution by the total resident population and the total working load of 10 health inspection branches were lower than 0.3, and it were in the perfect status.Gini coefficient in the geographical distribution was about 0.35,which was in the normal state. [ Conclusion] It is important to allocate human resources according to the social requirement . The allocation of human resources in the branches must be done in consideration of serving population , geo-graphic area , and management objects .It is important to strengthen team building and improve health in-spection capabilities and efficiency .
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On the background of internationalization for higher education,we have reformed the educational model for bachelor students majoring in public health laboratory science and quarantine.The exploration and pilot study are focused on educational principles,curriculum planning,teaching patterns,experiments and practice,and teachem training.The four teaching strategies have been firstly recommended as follows:laying the strongest foundation of chemistry,expanding quarantine-related curricula for increasing quarantine capability,making full use of strength of clinical laboratory medicine,emphasizing English application.The curricula structure is refined and more social supporting resources have been got to make globalization to cultivate more health inspection and quarantine talents with multidisciplinary knowledge,abilities and strong adaptability.
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Objective To study the cultivation status of health inspection and the setting of the related major of this subject in colleges in China.Methods The setting situation of health inspection in undergraduate and junior colleges were searched from the professional information database of higher vocational schools,information query system of Chinese university and official websites of 7 junior colleges and 167 undergraduate colleges.Excel 2007 was used for inputting and sorting out data,and the data were combed and analyzed.Results The setting of college level of health inspection was approved in 2004,and there were 6 record colleges in 2014.The undergraduate level of related major was set in 2012 and only 1 college recruited students.Among 167 undergraduate universities,only 2 universities carried out professional education of health inspection,74 universities carried out professional education of health law and 65 universities carried out professional education of health management.Conclusion The subject of health inspection has been set in undergraduate and junior colleges for a short time and there are a few admissions; Professional education of preventive medicine,health law,health management and health inspection are relatively extensive.
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O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar, através dos roteiros de inspeção, as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos restaurantes cadastrados pela Vigilância Sanitária (VISA) do município de Santa Maria - RS. Neste estudo, foram incluídos 315 roteiros de vistorias provenientes de 120 restaurantes com alvarás sanitários e fiscalizados no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2010. As variáveis (a) condições de armazenamento dos alimentos, (b) equipamentos de conservação a frio e a quente, (c) estrutura física do estabelecimento e (d) condições higiênico-sanitária dos manipuladores dos alimentos foram compiladas e avaliadas. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo programa SAS (Statistical Analysis System) versão 9.2 e submetidos aos testes de Qui-quadrado e Fischer. Constatou-se que, no ano de 2009, ocorreram os maiores índices de desconformidades legais nos aspectos higênico-sanitários nos estabelecimentos pesquisados. Esse fato pode estar relacionado ao aumento do número de fiscais sanitários contratados, à descentralização do setor de fiscalização, o que possibilitou a realização de um maior detalhamento dos requisitos fundamentais a serem avaliados nos roteiros de vistoria e, consequentemente, havendo um aumento nas notificações oficiais. Além disso, no ano de 2010, os estabelecimentos apresentaram melhores índices de adequação às boas práticas de produção de alimentos. Com base nas informações obtidas, verificou-se que os serviços prestados pelo setor de alimentos da VISA de Santa Maria estão em crescente evolução.
The present study was to evaluate, through the forms of inspection, the sanitary conditions of restaurants registered for Sanitary Surveillance (VISA) in the municipality of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. This study included 315 inspection forms, from 120 restaurants with sanitary permits from January 2006 to December 2010. The following variables: (a) food storage conditions, (b) equipment for hot and cold storage, (c) the physical structure of establishment and (d) hygienic and sanitary conditions of food handlers, were compiled and evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed by SAS (Statistical Analysis System) version 9.2 and submitted to the chi-square and Fischer tests. It was observed that in 2009 there were higher rates of nonconformities in the legal hygienic and sanitary aspects in the establishments studied. Such fact can be related to the increasing of the number of health inspectors hired, decentralization of surveillance division, what allowed the achievement of a more detailed inspection forms, and consequently there is an increase in official reports. Additionally, in 2010, food establishments had better rates of conformity with food good manufacturing practices. Based on the information obtained, it was found that the services provided by the VISA of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil are in increasing development.
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[Objective] To investigate the quality of secondary water supply in Shanghai , in order to provide the basis for efficient management measures . [ Methods] Secondary water supply data were collected and analyzed from Shanghai drinking water health inspection and monitoring information system . [ Results] Cleaning and disinfection of secondary water supply facilities and water quality self -check and others were found to be low in pass rate .The drinking water quality of secondary water supply was lower . The main unqualified monitoring indexes were oxygen consumption , total number of bacteria and residual chlorine. [ Conclusion] Several problems exist in secondary water supply .By using Shanghai drinking water health inspection and monitoring information system , we can take effective measures to achieve sec-ondary water supply scientific supervision , then ensuring water safety .
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The status of health inspection,the setting of courses,teaching reform,requirement of professional and the training pattern of innovative professional were deeply discussed and researched.The pros and cons of several patterns on professional training were summarized.The courses setting and reform emphasis of the innovative professional training were proposed,all of which provided useful view and ideas for training health inspection professionals.
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ve To explore new methods for health inspection of barber and beauty shops. Methods By using the method of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP), the preventive health inspection, identification of hazardous factors, establishment of critical control points, sanitary standard and control countermeasures for sanitary quality were carried out in barber and beauty shops. Results After the application of HACCP in health inspection, the hazardous factors of sanitary quality were eliminated, the qualified rates of sanitary indexes increased significantly (P