Effects of Periplaneta americana powder on motor function and autophagic protein Beclin-1 in rats undergoing spinal cord hemisection / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injury involves mechanisms such as oxidative stress,inflammation,apoptosis and autophagy.Activation of autophagy can improve neuromotor function after spinal cord injury and play a protective role in the spinal cord. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Periplaneta americana powder on hindlimb motor function and the autophagy protein Beclin-1 in the injured site of rats after spinal cord hemisection. METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats,6-8 weeks of age,were randomly divided into three groups(n=10 per group).In the sham-operated group,the lamina was just opened to exposure the spinal cord followed by suturing.Normal saline group and Periplaneta americana powder group both underwent left hemisection of the spinal cord to prepare animal models of spinal cord hemisection.The normal saline group was continuously gavaged with normal saline for 14 days,and the Periplaneta americana powder group was continuously gavaged with Periplaneta americana powder for 14 days.The Basso Beattie Bresnahan scale score was performed at the 6th hour,1st day,3rd day,7th day and 14th day after operation to observe the hindlimb motor function.After 14 days of administration,the rats were sacrificed and sampled.Immunohistochemistry,western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Beclin-1 in the injured site of the spinal cord after hemisection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After operation,the Basso Beattie Bresnahan scale scores were gradually increased in the normal saline group and Periplaneta americana powder group.Compared with the sham-operated group,the Basso Beattie Bresnahan scale scores were significantly reduced in the normal saline group and Periplaneta americana powder group at the 6th hour,1st day,3rd day,7th day and 14th day after operation(P<0.05).The Basso Beattie Bresnahan scale scores in the Periplaneta americana powder group were significantly higher than those in the normal saline group at the 7th and 14th days after operation(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical staining showed that Beclin-1 was weakly positive in the sham-operated group,mainly expressed in the cytoplasm;in the normal saline group,Beclin-1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and partially expressed in the nuclear membrane;in the Periplaneta americana powder group,Beclin-1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and partially expressed in the nuclear membrane.The proportion of Beclin-1 positive cells was higher in the normal saline and Periplaneta americana powder groups than in the sham-operated group(P<0.05),while the proportion of Beclin-1 positive cells was higher in the Periplaneta americana powder group than in the normal saline group(P<0.05).Western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining showed that the Beclin-1 protein expression was higher in the normal saline and Periplaneta americana powder groups than in the sham-operated group(P<0.05),and moreover,the Beclin-1 protein expression was higher in the Periplaneta americana powder group than in the normal saline group(P<0.05).To conclude,Periplaneta americana powder could improve the hindlimb motor function of rats with spinal cord hemisection injury,and the mechanism may be that polysaccharides in the Periplaneta americana powder increase the expression of Beclin-1.

Evaluation of Residual Stepping Ability in Monkeys with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the residual stepping ability in monkeys with spinal cord injury longitudinally. Methods:Four adult female monkeys were studied. Right hemisection of 10 mm spinal cord tissue was performed at the T7-9 segment. Gait tests of bipedal locomotion were performed before, and six weeks and twelve weeks after injury by VICON system. Gait cycle duration, amplitude of knee and ankle angles, and ratio of united parameters were obtained from successive stepping and were quantitative analyzed. Results:The coordination of bilateral hindlimbs was destroyed after spinal cord injury, and the right hindlimb showed obviously dragging. The gait cycle duration of the left hindlimb increased significantly (P < 0.001), and the amplitudes of knee and ankle angle significantly increased (P < 0.001) after spinal cord injury. The ratio of united parameters was not statistically different among all the time points (P > 0.05). The gait cycle duration of the left hindlimb was correlated with step length (r = 0.838, P = 0.001), step height (r = 0.726, P = 0.007) and amplitude of ankle angle (r = 0.766, P = 0.004), and the amplitude of ankle angle was correlated with step length (r = 0.627, P = 0.029). Conclusion:The gait pattern of monkey with spinal cord injury has been changed. The gait strategy of the uninjured side was adjusted compensatively after spinal cord injury to adapt the functional impairment of contralateral hindlimb.

Hemisección radicular, alternativa terapéutica en fracturas radiculares verticales. Presentación de un caso / Root Hemisection, Therapeutic Alternative in Vertical Root Fractures. A Case Report

Las fracturas radiculares verticales son los traumatismos de peor pronóstico para el diente, por constituir la exodoncia su tratamiento convencional. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 57 años de edad, acude a consulta de urgencia de la Clínica Estomatológica Artemio Mastrapa Rodríguez, de Holguín, con dolor a la masticación en 14, al examen clínico fractura vertical entre las cúspides que separa las raíces, dolor a la percusión y movilidad del fragmento palatino. Se realizó hemisección de la raíz palatina, tratamiento de conducto de la raíz vestibular del 14, luego tallado y restauración final de cúspide vestibular con resina fotopolimerizable. En este caso la hemisección de la raíz palatina del 14 mantuvo la estética en un paciente completamente dentado sin usar otras aparatologías ni producir alteraciones al equilibrio bucofacial. Al año mostró evolución satisfactoria, comprobada con exámenes clínicos y radiográficos. Se concluyó que la hemisección radicular puede ser una alternativa conservadora en casos de fracturas radiculares verticales en premolares superiores.

The vertical root fractures are the traumatisms of worse prognosis for the tooth, since the conventional treatment is constituted by exodontia. We report a case of a 57-year-old male patient who attended the emergency room of the Artemio Mastrapa Rodríguez Stomatological Clinic, Holguin with pain at chewing in 14, to the clinical examination vertical fracture between the cusps that separates the roots, pain to percussion and mobility of the palatal fragment. Hemisection of the palatal root was performed, treatment of vestibular root canal of 14, then carving and final restoration of vestibular cusp with photopolymerisable resin. After surgery, the vestibular cuspid was carved and received a definite restoration with light cure resin. In this case, the hemisection of the palatal root of 14 maintained aesthetics in a completely dentate patient without using other appliances or producing alterations in the orofacial balance. The radicular hemisection can be a conservative alternative in cases of upper premolars with verticals roots fractures. It was concluded that radicular hemisection can be a conservative alternative in cases of vertical root fractures in upper premolars.

Salvaging a Young Lower Molar with Furcal Radiolucency by a Novel and Innovative Endodontic Procedure- A Case Report.

The treatment, management and long-term retention of mandibular molar teeth involving furcation, have been a challenge to the dental specialist. This is especially true when the furcation involvement has progressed to a Class III furcation. Successful management of such teeth requires a multidisciplinary approach involving endodontic, restorative and prosthetic interventions, especially in multi-rooted teeth. Hemisection of a mandibular molar may be a suitable treatment option when the decay is restricted to one root and the other root is healthy. Hemisection involves sectioning of a periodontally involved mandibular molar so as to remove the involved root and preserving the remaining tooth structure, alveolar bone and cost savings (time and money) over other treatment options. This article describes a simple procedure for hemisection in mandibular molar and its subsequent restoration.

Hemisection: Split To Benefit - A Case Report.

Infections of periodontal or endodontic origin may result in increased periodontal probing depths with attachment loss adjacent to the root surface, bleeding on probing, suppuration, swelling, tooth mobility, angular bone loss, and pain on percussion. These signs and symptoms may be caused by plaque-associated periodontitis which begins at the margin of the gingiva and proceeds apically or by endodontic infections that enter the periodontal ligament at the apical foramen or through lateral or accessory canals and proceed coronally. The loss of posterior molars as a result of periodontal or endodontic infection leads to migration of teeth, supra-eruption of opposing teeth, loss of supporting alveolar bone and a decrease in masticatory efficiency. The unrestorable teeth can be replaced by removable partial dentures or fixed partial dentures or the recent treatment modality, dental implants. This case report presents one treatment option available to save the molars affected by extensive periodontal lesions, and thereby prevent the undesirable consequences of tooth loss. Hemisection refers to the sectioning of a molar tooth with the removal of an unrestorable root which may be affected by periodontal or endodontic infection or carious lesion. Careful case selection is necessary for long-term success.

Hemisection: Resection For Conservation.

Abstract: Furcation defects represent a formidable problem in the treatment of periodontal disease, principally related to the complex and irregular anatomy of furcations. The presence and severity of a furcation lesion reduces the success rate of conventional periodontal therapy in these specific areas and therefore worsens the long-term prognosis of that particular tooth.While regeneration of the periodontium is an accepted treatment goal, not all furcation defects can be effectively treated using regenerative procedures. Hence, resective therapies like root resection, bicuspidization or hemisection for the treatment of furcation defects is an essential part of the periodontal treatment, which must be performed in order to attain a result which can eventually be considered more conservative. Here is a case report of a 38-year-old male with hemisection procedure performed in the right mandibular 1st molar with grade III furcation involvementfollowed by fixed partial denture.

Brown-Sequard, a restless mind / Brown-Sequard, uma mente inquieta

Brown-Séquard, a remarkable medical personality of the 19 th century, was born in a small island of the Indian Ocean. He travelled over the world exerting his skills: a successful physician, and an innovative researcher, with a very ample range of interests. His favored subject was the nervous system. The spinal cord was studied extensively, with novel and important discoveries on the sensory pathways. He identified cases with spinal cord hemisection, and described the clinical presentation corresponding to a syndrome which bears his name (Brown-Séquard syndrome), for which he is best known among neurologists. Regarding the brain, he proposed nine mental and physical functions (organs) related to dynamically interconnected cell clusters, in harmony with the “ réseau de cellules anastomosées ”, “ activités dynamogeniques et inhibitrices ”, and “ action à distance ” concepts. Finally, he is considered by some as the “father” of endocrinology, due to his studies on glands and their secretions.

Brown-Séquard, notável personalidade médica do século 19, nasceu em uma pequena ilha do Oceano Índico. Viajou pelo mundo exercendo suas habilidades: médico de sucesso e pesquisador ousado, com gama muito extensa de interesses. Seu assunto favorito era o sistema nervoso. A medula foi estudada de modo amplo, com descobertas novas e importantes sobre as vias sensitivas. Identificou casos com hemisseção medular e descreveu o quadro clínico correspondente a uma síndrome que leva seu nome (síndrome de Brown-Séquard), motivo pelo qual é melhor conhecido entre os neurologistas. Considerando o cérebro, propôs nove funções (órgãos) mentais e físicas relacionadas de modo dinâmico a conglomerados celulares, em harmonia com seus conceitos de “ réseau de cellules anastomosées ”, “ activités dynamogeniques et inhibitrices ” e “ action à distance ”. Finalmente, ele é considerado por alguns como “pai” da endocrinologia, devido seus estudos sobre glândulas e suas secreções.

Hemisection for the treatment of maxillary lateral incisor fused with a supernumerary teeth---A case report / 实用口腔医学杂志

Fused teeth is defined as the union of enamel and dentin of two or more teeth germs,yielding a single tooth during tooth develop-ment.Their treatment is complex and usually need multidisciplinary approaches.This report presents a case of fused teeth treated by he-misection and discusses the clinical features and treatment options.

Brown-Séquard, um pesquisador itinerante - De uma pequena ilha do Oceano Índico para o mundo / Brown-Séquard, a wandering researcher - From a small island of the Indian Ocean to the world

Brown-Séquard, pesquisador e médico, foi uma das mais extraordinárias personalidades do século XIX. Nascido em uma pequena ilha no meio do Oceano Índico, viajou pelo mundo exercendo suas habilidades de médico respeitável, além de pesquisador inovador, experimental e clínico. Seus interesses eram amplos, principalmente na área da neurologia. A medula foi estudada durante décadas, dando inicialmente lugar à sua tese de doutorado. Esses estudos levaram à descrição de uma síndrome devida à hemisseção da medula, que traz seu nome e é um dos seus feitos mais conhecidos entre os neurologistas. Outros variados assuntos levaram à produção de grande número de trabalhos, publicados em livros e periódicos reconhecidos.

Brown-Séquard, researcher and physician, was one of the most amazingpersonality of the 19th century. Born in a small island in the middleof the Indian Ocean, he travelled over the world exerting his skills of a reputable physician and an innovative experimental and clinical researcher. His interests were ample, mainly in the neurological area. The spinal cord was studied for many decades, ensuing initially his doctorate thesis. These studies led to a description of a syndrome due to hemisection of the cord, that bear his name, one of his most known feat among neurologists. Other varied subjects led to the production of a large number of works, published in books and renowned journals.

Hemisection for the management of periodontically compromised mandibular molar (advanced grade-III furcation involvement).

Advances in dentistry, as well as the increased desire of patients to maintain their dentition, have lead to treatment of teeth that once would have been removed. The treatment, management and long-term retention of mandibular molar teeth exhibiting furcation involvement always have been a challenge, especially when the furcation involvement has progressed to a class III furcation. Hemi-section of the affected tooth helps preserve the tooth structure. This case report describes a simple procedure for hemisection in mandibular molar having advance grade III furcation involvement by vertical cut method and its subsequent restoration.

Protective effect of PNS in spinal cord hemisection injury and its cPLA2 related mechanism / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect and associated mechanism of PNS in spinal cord hemisection injury.Methods fifty-five adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,sham group(n =5),spinal cord injury group(n =25),PNS group(n =25).The rats were evaluated in behavioral test with BBB score,pathology and immunohistochemistry at 1 d,3d,7d,14d,21d after the procedures.Results Motor recovery was significantly better in PNS group than the spinal cord injury group at 3d,7d,14d and 21d.Nissl staining showed less neuron necrosis and more integrated neural cells in morphology.cPLA2 expression was inhabited in PNS group,and less number of positive cells were found in the group.Conclusion PNS can inhibit the expression of cPLA2 after spinal cord injury,which may be one of the mechanisms of its effect on promoting motor recovery.

Experimental study of reconstruction of hindlimp movement with spinal ventral root anastomoses after spinal cord injury in rats / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To establish a paraspinal neural pathway of quadriceps femoris by end-to-end anastomoses between the spinal ventral root after spinal cord injury(SCI) in rats. Methods Twenty-fourweek old SD rats, with the weight of 120 g to 150 g, were included. The left side was the experimental side, while the right side served as a control. Electrostimulating of L1-L5 ventral root was done respectively to decide the predominant nerve of quadriceps femoris. The lumbar 1 ventral root was reveal to little innervation of quadriceps femoris, and the lumbar 3 ventral root was predominant innervation. End-to-end anastomosis between the left L1 and L3 ventral root was done. After axona regeneration, the new paraspinal neural pathway of quadriceps femoris was established. At 6 months postoperatively, the early function of the new pathway was observed by electrophysiological examinations, hindlimb locomotion and BBB (basso, beattie and bresnahan)scale at 1,3,7, 14,21,28 d after SCI. Results Sixteen rats survived for 6 months after operation and only ten rats got good results because of tissue adhesion postoperatively. Single stimuli (2.5 mA,0.2 ms, 1 Hz) of the left anastomoses nerve resulted in action potential recorded from the left quadriceps femoris before and after the spinal cord hemisection horizontally between L2 segmental levels. The amplitudes of the action potentials were (7.63 ± 1.86) mV and (6.00 ± 1.92)mV, respectively, and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). The left quadriceps femoris contraction was initiated by single stimuli (2.5mA, 0.2 ms, 1 Hz) of the left anastomoses nerve. After paraplegia, when the right L3 ventral root was stimulated, the amplitude of the action potential was (15.87 ± 1.16) mV. Locomotion of the left hindlimb was partially restored after spinal cord hemisection while creeping and climbing. According to BBB scale, there was significant difference at 1, 3, 7 d, and little difference at 14, 21, 28 d after SCI. Conclusion Spinal ventral roots cross-ananstomosis to reconstruct the paraspinal pathway of quadriceps femoris after SCI is efficient reinnervation of hindlamb muscles in a rat model and may have potential in clinical application.

Photoelastic Stress Analysis of Two Kinds of Rigid Fixed Bridge Design after Hemisection of Mandibular First Molar / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo observe the effects of the two kinds of rigid fixed bridge design on the stress of the alveolar bone of mandibular first molar after hemisection.MethodsThe normal mandibular first molars were selected as control group. The two-abutment teeth and three-abutment teeth rigidly fixed bridge designs were selected as trial group. Stress distributions in the remaining sections of the alveolar bone models were evaluated with photoelastic stress analysis method.ResultsThe stress values of two kinds of rigid fixed bridge design were higher than the control group but still below the twice. There was no significantly difference between two-abutment teeth rigidly fixed bridge design and three-abutment teeth rigidly fixed bridge design (P>0.05).ConclusionTwo-abutment teeth rigidly fixed bridge of mandibular first molar should be chosen after hemisection.

Development of the Photoelastic Model for the Tooth and Periodontal Tissue of Mandibular First Molar after Hemisection / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo discuss the design and fabrication of the photoelastic model of mandibular first molar after hemisection.MethodsAccording to principles of similarity, different materials were used to manufacture the photoelastic model of mandibular first molar with hemisection, which included teeth, alveolar bone and pericementum.ResultsThe photoelastic modle of mandibular first molar with hemisection was manufactured, which was as similar as noumenon in appearance, parameter and boundary condition.ConclusionThe photoelastic model can be applied in qualitative analysis of the stress distribution in the periodontal supporting tissues of mandibular first molar with hemisection.

REPAIR OF DENTAL DEFECT AND ITS CURATIVE EFFECT OFTHE ROOT SPLIT IN THE SENIORS / 解放军医学杂志

To observe repair of dental defect and its curative effect of the vertical root split of molar in the seniors, every affected section of 36 cases (40 teeth) of the senior's root split was extracted by hemisection, the other sections of them were repaired by either complete crown restoration (15 cases) or fixed bridge restoration (21 cases). The results showed that after 6～12 months, excellent curative effect was achieved in 32 cases, good curative effect in 3 cases, poor curative effect in 1 case. Significant difference was found between the two repair methods( P

CLINICAL STUDY OF HEMISECTION TECHNIQUE IN THE TREATMENT OF MOLARS / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of hemisection in the treatment of the molars. Methods 136 molars were selected and hemisection technique were used. If the pathological change was concentrated to the root, such as periodontics, apical inflammation, root fractures, the pathological root was extracted. If the pathologicalchange was concentrated to the divergence of the roots or the bottom of pulp chamber, hemisection was performed. then all the tooth was restoredwith fixed restoration according to the solid conditions. Results These were followed up and evaluated in three years 94. 85% of the all molars were treated satisfactory. Conclusions The hemisection techniqueoperation is simple, but the indications are extensive,and its effect in the treatment of the molars is regarded as a positive method