ABSTRACT
This study was taken up in three districts (Adilabad, Warangal and Nagarkurnool) from three different zones of Telangana (Northern, Central and Southern). It evaluated the economic benefit of HDPS cotton by comparing it with non HDPS cotton. For this study, multistage sampling was used. HDPS adopters and non-adopters were equally picked from each zone based on the proportionate level of technology adoption. In order to create a sample size of 180 farmers, a total of 90 HDPS adopters and 90 HDPS non-adopters from three agroclimatic zones of Telangana. Cost of cultivation of HDPS cotton for marginal, small and large farms was found to be ? 96,376.74, ? 98,607.71 and ? 1,00,355.77 and in non HDPS cotton, ? 91,229.89, ? 93,211.99 and ? 95,346.71 for marginal, small and large farms respectively. The cost of cultivation for pooled HDPS and non HDPS farms was ? 98,239.49 and ? 93,266.07 per hectare respectively. The cost difference between the HDPS and non HDPS cotton was ? 4,973.42 per hectare. Among the selected three districts of three zones of Telangana, cost of cultivation of pooled HDPS cotton farmers was high for Nagarkurnool with ? 97,802.37 per hectare followed by Adilabad and Warangal (Urban and Rural) with ? 96,320.62 and ? 96,121.03 per hectare respectively. The gross returns and net returns were more for Adilabad district with ? 1,32,452.47 and ? 33,231.24 per hectare followed by Nagarkurnool with ? 1,28,254.13 and ? 31,982.02 and Warangal with ? 1,27,452.45 and ? 32,252.21 per hectare, respectively. The farm business income for HDPS cotton farms was found to be ? 75,857.40 per hectare which is higher than non HDPS farms i.e., ? 61,241.23 per hectare. The family labour income of the HDPS farmer was also found to be more for HDPS cotton i.e., ? 45,784.11 per hectare compared to the non HDPS cotton farms i.e., ? 31,502.68 per hectare. Because of high farm business income, the family investment income was more for HDPS cotton i.e., ? 65,665.92 per hectare as compared to the non HDPS cotton i.e., ? 53,225.01 per hectare respectively. The average gross returns of HDPS cotton across the State on selected marginal, small and large farms were ? 1,17,750.00, ? 1,28,587.50 and ? 1,38,125.12 per hectare, respectively. Similarly, the net profits for HDPS cotton over cost C2 basis on marginal, small and large farms in the state were ? 21,373.26, ? 29,979.80 and ? 37,769.35 per hectare respectively. Average yield obtained in HDPS cotton farms was 20.25 quintal per hectare and for non HDPS cotton farms it was 17.95 quintal per hectare.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at Siddapur research farm, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana, India during kharif 2022 to investigate the effect of plant geometry and cultivars on growth and yield of cotton under high plant density system. The results revealed that plant height (102.7 cm) and drymatter production (6499 kg ha-1) were significantly higher at ultra narrow spacing of 90 x 15 cm (74,074 plants ha-1) than medium and wider spacings of 90 x 30 and 90 x 60 cm, respectively but, was on par with narrow spacing of 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1). Though sympodial branches plant-1 (16.4) and number of bolls plant-1 (24.0) were significantly greater with wider spacing (90 x 60 cm: 18,518 plants ha-1), adoption of high plant density method of 90 x 15 cm spacing (74,074 plants ha-1) (2707 kg ha-1) and 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1) (2498 kg ha-1) resulted in significantly higher seed cotton yield. The yield from 90x15 cm was 26.2% and 11.7% higher than that of 90 x 30 cm (2391 kg ha-1) and 90 x 60 cm (1998 kg ha-1), respectively. In case of cultivars, though growth and yield attributes were not significantly influenced, but, the boll weight (5.2) and seed cotton yield (2845 kg ha-1) were significantly higher with NCS 2778 over other cultivars viz., Bt Suraj (2151 kg ha-1), WGCV-79 (2310 kg ha-1) and ADB-39 (2288 kg ha-1).