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Pancreatic cancer is highly malignant with low 5‑year survival rate because it is hard to be diagnosed in early stage. So far, a standardized screening strategy of early pancreatic cancer has not been achieved in China. Based on updated research evidence, a total of 26 recommendations are proposed for screening aims, high ‑ risk individuals, initial screening age, follow ‑ up interval, monitoring methods and timing of operation. Chinese consensus for early pancreatic cancer screening and surveillance is finally formulated.
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Objective To analyze the effects of community-based intervention on improving early detection of individuals with high risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to explore the interventional mechanism of prevention and treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Total of 139 344 residents of the Second Chinese Medicine Hospi-tal of Guangdong Province Hospital Community were detected per year.Individuals with high risk nasopharyngeal car-cinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were divided into intervention group(69 616 cases) and control group (69 728 cases) according to the random number table.The two groups were given conventional treatment (radiothera-py,chemotherapy and surgery treatment) after diagnosed.The intervention group was interfered with long -term prevention,health care,medical care,rehabilitation,health education and psychological intervention by full-time phy-sician,while the control group was only treated by general education intervention.The awareness of early symptoms and the risk factor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed.Additionally,the behavior,knowledge and attitude on nasopharyngeal carcinoma were detected before and after the intervention.Results Community-based intervention significantly improved the rate of early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma high-risk individuals ( 75.31% vs. 44.37%,χ2 =5.32,P<0.01) .The awareness rates of major symptoms and the damage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were 89.34%and 91.78%in the intervention group.In the control group,the rates were 42.17%and 28.47%.The differences of the two groups were significant(P<0.05).Additionally,the awareness of diagnosis standard and good habits were improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group(P<0.01).Our results showed that intervention changed the attitude and understanding of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and improved the quality of life of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Conclusion Intervention increased the early diagnostic rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and promoted the quality of life of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Abstract: Background and Objectives: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis causing high economic losses worldwide. Because of nonspecific and chronic symptoms, diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and laboratory confirmation. Prevalence of brucellosis in India, more so in Anand district, is not well studied. This study was conducted as a pilot to find prevalence of human brucellosis among high risk symptomatic cases along with the clinical profile and associated risk factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Anand district of Gujarat, India. Samples from 50 high risk symptomatic cases were subjected to serology, blood culture and genome detection by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using B4/B5 primers, for detection of brucella infection. Data was analyzed using Epi Info software (version: 3.5.1). Results: We detected sero-prevalence of 14% and genome detection of 16% with no isolation in blood culture. Among them four (8%) were positive by serology and PCR both. Titers in seropositive cases ranged from 1:40 to 1:160. Fever was the most common clinical complain among sero-positive (71.4%) and PCR positive (62.5%) cases. History of direct contact with cattle was present in all serology and PCR positive patients. Consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products (86%), consumption of uncooked or partially cooked meat (28.5%) and working as veterinarian (14.3%) were other risk factors identified. Conclusions: Thus we found brucellosis to be a significant health problem. A larger Indian study with follow up of positive cases, comparative study for standardization of various diagnostic modalities and response to therapy is strongly needed.