ABSTRACT
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) represents a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in this tumor is poorly known due to its small incidence. This study reports a case of a 33-year-old HIV-positive woman who was referred to the Stomatology Department complaining about a painful gingival growth and cervical nodule both with 20 days of evolution. The lesions appeared 7 months after the patient stopped HAART. The final diagnosis was PBL. After resuming HAART for 45 days, the gingival lesion presented complete remission. The patient continued with HAART alongside chemotherapy. At 24 months follow-up, the patient was stable. The dental surgeon plays an essential role in orientation and retention in care of HIV patients once the adherence of HAART seems to play an important role in PBL development and response to treatment.
ABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y B (VHB). En la literatura latinoamericana aún faltan estudios que aporten información al respecto. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal. Resultados: Se describen 231 episodios de riesgo biológico. La mediana de edad fue 30 años. Un 65,8% fueron mujeres. Las principales actividades laborales fueron: auxiliares de enfermería (22,9%), aseo hospitalario (16,5%), estudiantes (14,3%), recolección de basuras (5,2%) y médicos (4,8%). El mecanismo del accidente fue: punción (77%), herida cortante (11,3%) y contacto con mucosas (9,1%). En 24% la fuente fue conocida y de estas fueron positivas para VIH un 62,5%, para VHB un 3,5% y para VHC un 5,3%. Recibieron profilaxis postexposición (PPE) un 75,8% de los 231. Entre los expuestos a fuente VIH positiva, recibieron PPE biconjugada 85,1% y terapia triple 14,8% De los que recibieron profilaxis, 40% presentaron reacciones adversas, siendo las gastrointestinales (77,1%) y las neurológicas (45,7%) las más frecuentes. Al ingreso, un 67,1% tenían anticuerpos protectores para VHB. Durante el seguimiento se confirmó una seroconversión postexposición para VIH. Conclusión: El riesgo de adquirir infecciones postexposición ocupacional es una realidad en nuestro medio; se debe hacer énfasis en estrategias de prevención de exposición, introyectar la cultura del reporte y el manejo adecuado de la profilaxis postexposición.
Background: Occupational biohazard exposure can increase the risk of postexposure seroconversion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV). In Latin America, the literature lack of studies on this topic. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of occupational biohazard exposure. Methodology: A descriptive, longitudinal study. Results: A total of 231 episodes of biological risk exposure are described. The median age was 30 years, and 65.8% were women. The major occupational activities were: nursing assistants 22.9%, hospital cleaning 16.5%, students 14.3%, garbage collection 5.2% and physicians 4.8%. The mechanisms of the accidents were: needle stick 77%, cutting wound 11.3% and contact with mucous membranes 9.1%. In 24% the source was known and of these, 62.5% were positive for HIV 3.5% for HBV and 5.3% for HCV. A total of 75.8% of the 231 received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In those exposed to an HIV-positive source, 85.1% received a two-drug conjugate for PPE, and 14.8% received triple therapy. Of those who received prophylaxis, 40% reported adverse events with being the most frequent the gastrointestinal (77.1%) and neurological (45.7%). At admission, 67.1% had protective antibodies to HBV. During program monitoring, HIV seroconversion was confirmed in one patient. Conclusion: The risk of acquiring occupational infections postexposure is a reality in our country. This emphasizes the importance of exposure prevention strategies, introjecting the reporting culture and proper management of postexposure prophylaxis.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Accidents, Occupational , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Patients , Physicians , Women , Hepatitis B virus , HIV , Needlestick Injuries , Hepatitis C , Colombia , Hepacivirus , Hospitals , InfectionsABSTRACT
Fundamento: En la provincia de Cienfuegos durante el último quinquenio se observó un incremento en la incidencia de casos con diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida.Objetivo: Caracterizar la epidemia de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida en la provincia de Cienfuegos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos (195) con diagnóstico de virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida, en la provincia de Cienfuegos, en el quinquenio 2006-2010. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, orientación sexual, fuente de pesquisa, forma y fuente de infección y municipio de procedencia. Resultados: La epidemia se manifestó con mayor incidencia en las edades comprendidas entre 25 y 44 años, entre los masculinos homobisexuales. La mayor cantidad de casos se detectó mediante captación; la forma de infección referida en la totalidad fue la sexual, con un desconocimiento de la fuente de infección en la gran mayoría de ellos (74,4 %). Conclusiones: La epidemia se ha caracterizado por un aumento sostenido de la incidencia en el último quinquenio, más notable en los años 2009 y 2010. Pese a existir una alta divulgación y un programa priorizado para el control y la prevención, la epidemia sigue afectando a individuos con conductas de riesgo, lo cual se evidencia por el número de pacientes enfermos de sida.
Background: There was an increase in the incidence of cases diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS in the province of Cienfuegos during the last five years. Objective: To characterize the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS in the province of Cienfuegos. Method: A descriptive study of a series of cases (195) diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus / AIDS was conducted in the province of Cienfuegos from 2006 to 2010. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, sexual orientation, source of inquiry, source of infection and municipality of origin. Results: The epidemic showed a higher incidence among homo-bisexual males aged 25 to 44 years. Most cases were detected by contact tracing. The form of infection mentioned by all cases was sexual. The vast majority of them (74.4%) ignored the source of infection. Conclusions: The epidemic has been characterized by a steady increase in incidence during the last five years, most notably in 2009 and 2010. Although there is a prioritized program for HIV/AIDS control and prevention as well as large information campaigns on this subject, the epidemic continues to affect individuals with risky behavior, as evidenced by the number of patients presenting the clinical onset of AIDS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To trace and provide HIV-testing among those having contacts with HIV-infected individuals at various levels in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province and to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of such investigation as a supplemental strategy for HIV testing and control. Methods Newly reported HIV infections from August throughout October in Dehong prefecture, in 2008 were asked to provide contact information of persons whom they had high risk contacts with. Persons having had risk contacts with HIV-infected cases were hereof interviewed and their blood tested on the sero-status of HIV. Results A total of 335 HIV cases were newly reported during this three-month period. A total of 309 cases of them and 148 HIV infections identified thereafter from their risk contacts were under informed consent, to participate in this study. A total number of 3395 risk contacts were reported, of whom only 20.7% (704/3395) had 'contact information' and 51.3% (361/704) were successfully located and interviewed, including 117 previously confirmed HIV infections and 244 people with unknown HIV status. The majority of them (203 or 83.2% of 244) were then tested for HIV and 56(27.6% of 203) were tested positive for HIV. The proportion of having detailed contact information and the proportion of being traced or followed among reported risk contacts of HIV infections were 68.8% and 68.2% for spouses of HIV patients, respectively, which were much higher than those among commercial sex partners (1.2% and 16.7%), casual sex partners (37.3% and 22.3% ) and peers who sharing needles (34.1% and 56.4% ). Conclusion Newly reported HIV infections reported a large number of risk contacts and new HIV infections were identified among them. It was extremely difficult to trace commercial sex partners or casual sex partners on their HIV infection status. Nevertheless, tracing the risk contacts of newly reported HIV infections seemed to be helpful in identifying new HIV infections and in understanding the nature of transmission towards controlling the HIV epidemics.