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1.
Rev. Paul. Pediatr. (Ed. Port., Online) ; 42: e2023001, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521600

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of maternal and perinatal factors on the nutritional composition of human milk. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2018 and January 2020, with 181 donors selected in Tertiary Health Units of the Unified Health System — from one collection station and five Human Milk Banks. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. To be fit to be a donor in a Human Milk Banks and produce mature milk were the eligibility criteria to participate in the study. We excluded milk samples with Dornic acidity above 8° D. The dependent variables were the macronutrients of human milk (i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and total energy), that were analyzed using spectroscopy with the Miris Human Milk Analyzer™. The maternal and perinatal factors were the independent variables. Results: Women with pre-gestational obesity and gestational weight gain above the recommendation showed a lower protein concentration compared to eutrophic women (median=0.8, interquartile range (IQR): 0.7-0.9 vs. median=0.8, and IQR: 0.8-1.0) and those with adequate gestational weight gain (median=0.8, IQR: 0.7-0.9 vs. median=0.9, and IQR: 0.8-1.0), respectively. The other analyzed factors (i.e., maternal habits, comorbidities, and perinatal factors) were not associated with the nutritional composition of human milk. Conclusions: The assessment of factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk is extremely important to assist postpartum care. Pre-gestational obesity and inadequate gestational weight gain were the only factors statistically associated with the nutritional composition of human milk as they impacted its protein content.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de fatores maternos e perinatais na composição nutricional do leite humano. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado entre novembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2020, com 181 doadoras selecionadas em Unidades Terciárias de Saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde de um Posto de Coleta e cinco Bancos de Leite Humano. Foram coletados dados das variáveis maternas e dos recém-nascidos por meio de questionário padronizado. Estar apta para ser doadora em um Banco de Leite Humano e produzir leite maduro foram os critérios de elegibilidade para participar do estudo. As amostras de leite com acidez Dornic acima de 8° D foram excluídas. Os macronutrientes do leite humano, variáveis dependentes (carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos, energia total) foram analisados pela técnica de espectroscopia de transmissão no infravermelho médio com o Miris Human Milk Analyzer™. Os fatores maternos e perinatais foram as variáveis independentes. Resultados: Mulheres com obesidade pré-gestacional e ganho de peso gestacional acima do recomendado apresentaram menor concentração proteica em relação às eutróficas (mediana=0,8, intervalo interquartil [IQR]: 0,7-0,9 vs. mediana=0,8, IQR: 0,8-1,0) e aquelas com ganho de peso gestacional adequado (mediana=0,8, IQR: 0,7-0,9 vs. mediana=0,9, IQR: 0,8-1,0), respectivamente. Os demais fatores analisados (hábitos maternos, comorbidades, fatores perinatais) não se associaram com a composição nutricional do leite humano. Conclusões: A avaliação dos fatores associados à composição nutricional do leite humano é de extrema importância para auxiliar os cuidados pós-parto. A obesidade pré-gestacional e o ganho de peso gestacional inadequado foram os únicos fatores estatisticamente associados com a composição nutricional do leite humano por terem impactado o seu teor de proteína.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469350

ABSTRACT

Abstract Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) has attracted the attention of many researchers, especially that of microbial origin due to its biological importance to the consumer. The current study aims to extract LA Isomerase enzyme from Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria from milk and to use the enzyme in the production of CLA. Selective media, including MRS and MRS-Dagatose, were used in isolating local strains. The selected bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to produce LA-Isomerase enzyme. The isolate with high enzymatic activity was selected. After extraction and partial purification of the enzyme, the optimal conditions for the production of conjugated fatty acid were studied, and the reaction products were diagnosed using GC-MS technology. It was found that 11 isolates have the ability to produce CLA at different concentrations, H1 isolate showed the highest production of conjugated fatty acid at a concentration of 120.45 g.ml-1, this isolate was selected as the source for enzyme extraction. The enzymatic activity of the crude extract and partially purified with ammonium sulfate was estimated using color methods at wavelength of 233 nm. The effect of the optimum conditions (pH, temperature, linoleic acid concentration and enzyme concentration) on the CLA product was studied using the partially purified LA Isomerase enzyme, the optimum conditions for production were 6.5, 45 °C, 100 g.ml-1 and 0.7 ml, respectively. The GC-MS technique showed the presence of a number of reaction products that are isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (C9T11, T9T12, T10C12) with different concentrations.


Resumo O Ácido Linoleico Conjugado (CLA) tem chamado a atenção de diversos pesquisadores, principalmente aquele de origem microbiana, devido à sua importância biológica para o consumidor. O presente estudo visa extrair a enzima LA Isomerase da bactéria Lactobacillus paracasei do leite e usar essa enzima na produção de CLA. Meios seletivos, incluindo MRS e MRS-Dagatose, foram usados no isolamento de cepas locais. Os isolados bacterianos selecionados foram testados quanto à sua capacidade de produzir a enzima LA-Isomerase. Foi selecionado o isolado com alta atividade enzimática. Após a extração e purificação parcial da enzima, as condições ideais para a produção de ácido graxo conjugado foram estudadas e os produtos da reação foram identificados usando a tecnologia GC-MS. Verificou-se que 11 isolados possuem capacidade de produzir CLA em diferentes concentrações. O isolado H1 apresentou a maior produção de ácido graxo conjugado, na concentração de 120,45 g.ml-1, e este isolado foi selecionado como fonte para extração enzimática. A atividade enzimática do extrato bruto e parcialmente purificado com sulfato de amônio foi estimada por métodos de coloração em comprimento de onda de 233 nm. O efeito das condições ótimas (pH, temperatura, concentração de ácido linoleico e concentração de enzima) no produto CLA foi estudado usando a enzima LA Isomerase parcialmente purificada e as condições ótimas para produção foram 6,5, 45 °C, 100 g.ml-1 e 0,7 mL, respectivamente. A técnica de GC-MS mostrou a presença de uma série de produtos de reação que são isômeros do ácido linoleico conjugado (C9T11, T9T12, T10C12) com diferentes concentrações.

3.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e258276, 2024. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1360199

ABSTRACT

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) has attracted the attention of many researchers, especially that of microbial origin due to its biological importance to the consumer. The current study aims to extract LA Isomerase enzyme from Lactobacillus paracasei bacteria from milk and to use the enzyme in the production of CLA. Selective media, including MRS and MRS-Dagatose, were used in isolating local strains. The selected bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to produce LA-Isomerase enzyme. The isolate with high enzymatic activity was selected. After extraction and partial purification of the enzyme, the optimal conditions for the production of conjugated fatty acid were studied, and the reaction products were diagnosed using GC-MS technology. It was found that 11 isolates have the ability to produce CLA at different concentrations, H1 isolate showed the highest production of conjugated fatty acid at a concentration of 120.45 g.ml-1, this isolate was selected as the source for enzyme extraction. The enzymatic activity of the crude extract and partially purified with ammonium sulfate was estimated using color methods at wavelength of 233 nm. The effect of the optimum conditions (pH, temperature, linoleic acid concentration and enzyme concentration) on the CLA product was studied using the partially purified LA Isomerase enzyme, the optimum conditions for production were 6.5, 45 °C, 100 µg.ml-1 and 0.7 ml, respectively. The GC-MS technique showed the presence of a number of reaction products that are isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (C9T11, T9T12, T10C12) with different concentrations.


O Ácido Linoleico Conjugado (CLA) tem chamado a atenção de diversos pesquisadores, principalmente aquele de origem microbiana, devido à sua importância biológica para o consumidor. O presente estudo visa extrair a enzima LA Isomerase da bactéria Lactobacillus paracasei do leite e usar essa enzima na produção de CLA. Meios seletivos, incluindo MRS e MRS-Dagatose, foram usados no isolamento de cepas locais. Os isolados bacterianos selecionados foram testados quanto à sua capacidade de produzir a enzima LA-Isomerase. Foi selecionado o isolado com alta atividade enzimática. Após a extração e purificação parcial da enzima, as condições ideais para a produção de ácido graxo conjugado foram estudadas e os produtos da reação foram identificados usando a tecnologia GC-MS. Verificou-se que 11 isolados possuem capacidade de produzir CLA em diferentes concentrações. O isolado H1 apresentou a maior produção de ácido graxo conjugado, na concentração de 120,45 g.ml-1, e este isolado foi selecionado como fonte para extração enzimática. A atividade enzimática do extrato bruto e parcialmente purificado com sulfato de amônio foi estimada por métodos de coloração em comprimento de onda de 233 nm. O efeito das condições ótimas (pH, temperatura, concentração de ácido linoleico e concentração de enzima) no produto CLA foi estudado usando a enzima LA Isomerase parcialmente purificada e as condições ótimas para produção foram 6,5, 45 °C, 100 µg.ml-1 e 0,7 mL, respectivamente. A técnica de GC-MS mostrou a presença de uma série de produtos de reação que são isômeros do ácido linoleico conjugado (C9T11, T9T12, T10C12) com diferentes concentrações.


Subject(s)
Linoleic Acid , Milk , Fatty Acids , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(6): e202202851, dic. 2023.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1518181

ABSTRACT

La leche humana es el estándar de oro para la nutrición del bebé y debe iniciarse en la primera hora de vida. La leche de vaca, de otros mamíferos o las bebidas vegetales no se deben ofrecer antes del año de vida. Sin embargo, algunos niños requieren, al menos en parte, de fórmulas infantiles. Aun con las sucesivas mejoras a lo largo de la historia mediante la incorporación de oliogosacáridos, probióticos, prebióticos, sinbióticos y postbióticos, las fórmulas infantiles siguen siendo perfectibles para reducir la brecha de salud entre los bebés amamantados y aquellos alimentados con fórmula. En este sentido, se espera que la complejidad de las fórmulas siga aumentando a medida que se conozca mejor cómo modular el desarrollo de la microbiota intestinal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión no sistemática del efecto de los diferentes escenarios lácteos sobre la microbiota intestinal.


Human milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition, and breastfeeding should be started within the first hour of life. Cow's milk, other mammalian milk, or plant-based beverages should not be offered before 1 year of age. However, some infants require, at least in part, infant formulas. Even with subsequent enhancements throughout history, with the addition of oligosaccharides, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics, infant formulas still have room for improvement in reducing the health gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants. In this regard, the complexity of infant formulas is expected to continue to increase as the knowledge of how to modulate the development of the gut microbiota is better understood. The objective of this study was to perform a non-systematic review of the effect of different milk scenarios on the gut microbiota.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Milk Hypersensitivity , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Breast Feeding , Cattle , Infant Formula , Mammals , Milk, Human
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 73(1): 42-59, mar. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1427726

ABSTRACT

La leche materna donada es un recurso de alto valor que puede ser utilizado para la alimentación de neonatos hospitalizados y a término, por tanto, garantizar su inocuidad es imperativo. Esta revisión de literatura reúne los principales peligros de naturaleza física, química y microbiológica identificados en leche materna, con la intención de proveer una referencia que los consolide de tal forma que la información pueda ser utilizada por bancos de leche humana, gobiernos y agencias regulatorias para establecer mecanismos para su prevención y control. Se realizó una revisión de literatura entre agosto del 2021 y octubre del 2022, utilizando buscadores y descriptores específicos para peligros de transmisión alimentaria en leche materna. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en español o en inglés. Se identificaron 31 agentes biológicos patógenos incluyendo bacterias, virus y parásitos. Como peligros químicos se reportaron medicamentos, drogas, cafeína, infusiones herbales, micotoxinas, alérgenos, especias, suplementos nutricionales, contaminantes ambientales y desinfectantes. Se alerta sobre la presencia potencial de plástico y vidrio de tamaño menor a 7 mm proveniente del ambiente de extracción y recipientes. La presencia de peligros microbiológicos y químicos en leche materna puede darse por transmisión vertical, temperaturas inadecuadas durante el almacenamiento y contaminación en el proceso. La presencia de peligros físicos se relaciona con la manipulación de los implementos en etapas posteriores a la extracción. Se requiere prestar atención a los hábitos de la madre para prevenir peligros químicos, así como más investigación relacionada con micotoxinas en leche materna(AU)


Donated breast milk is a highvalue resource which can be used to feed hospitalized neonates and full-term infants, therefore, ensuring its safety is imperative. This literature review presents the main hazards of physical, chemical and microbiological nature identified in human milk, with the intention of providing a reference that consolidates the reported hazards reported, so the information can be used by human milk banks, governments and regulatory agencies to establish prevention and control mechanisms. A literature review was carried out between August 2021 and October 2022, using search engines and specific descriptors for foodborne hazards in breast milk. Studies published in Spanish and English were considered. 31 pathogenic biological agents including bacteria, viruses and parasites were identified. Medications, drugs, caffeine, herbal infusions, mycotoxins, allergens, spices, nutritional supplements, contaminants of environmental origin and disinfectants were reported as chemical hazards. No physical hazards were identified, however the potential presence of plastic and glass smaller than 7 mm from the extraction environment or containers is alerted. Presence of microbiological and chemical hazards can be due to vertical transmission, inadequate temperature of storing, contamination during extraction, packaging, and infant feeding. Whereas presence of physical hazards is related to implements handling after extraction. Attention to hygiene and habits of the mother to prevent chemical hazards and further research related to mycotoxins in human milk is required(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Biological Factors , Hygiene , Environmental Pollutants , Milk, Human , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Milk Banks , Dietary Supplements , Food Safety
6.
Crit. Care Sci ; 35(2): 209-216, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448103

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. Results: The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. Conclusion: The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da colostroterapia em dias para iniciar a dieta por sucção em recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de gastrosquise simples. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com recém-nascidos diagnosticados com gastrosquise simples em um hospital federal no Rio de Janeiro que foram randomizados para receber administração orofaríngea de 0,2mL de colostro ou "procedimento simulado", nos primeiros 3 dias de vida. A análise incluiu desfechos clínicos, como dias sem alimentação, dias com alimentação parenteral, dias para iniciar a alimentação enteral, dias para atingir a alimentação completa, sepse e tempo de internação. Resultados: O início da alimentação por via oral (sucção) na gastrosquise simples, em ambos os grupos, ocorreu com mediana de 15 dias. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que não há diferenças significativas no uso de colostroterapia em dias para início de alimentação enteral e dieta por sucção entre grupos de recém-nascidos com gastrosquise simples.

7.
Article in English | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: biblio-1507321

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the donation of human milk at the Banco de Incentivo e Apoio a Amamentação (BIAMA) (Breastfeeding Incentive and Support Bank) from 2018 to 2020. Methods: normative assessment, descriptive and exploratory character, with a quantitative approach and focus on the Donabedian Model. Study with a locus at BIAMA at Dom Malan Hospital, in the city of Petrolina-PE, based on registrations from the online platform of the Rede Brasileira de Bancos de Leite Humano (Brazilian Network of Human Milk Banks), with data from BIAMA from 2018 to 2020 and field activities. Results: in 2020, there was a decrease in the number of group assistance and medical consultations, in contrast to the increase in nursing consultations. Most of the milk supply comes from the external public, and in 2020 there was a reduction number of donors and in the volume of human milk collected. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on BIAMA activities and on milk donation, however, the use of new means of communication for patient care was observed. Even so, new donor recruitment strategies must be implemented. Regarding the main norms that regulate the operation of Human Milk Banks, most of the items listed are obeyed by BIAMA.


Resumo Objetivos: analisar a doação de leite humano no Banco de Incentivo e Apoio a Amamentação (BIAMA) no período de 2018 a 2020. Métodos: avaliação normativa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e enfoque no Modelo Donabedian. Estudo com lócus no BIAMA do Hospital Dom Malan, na cidade de Petrolina-PE, a partir de registros da plataforma online da Rede Brasileira de Bancos de Leite Humano, com dados do BIAMA de 2018 a 2020 e atividades de campo. Resultados: em 2020, houve um decréscimo no número de atendimentos em grupo e de consultas médicas, em contrapartida, ao aumento das consultas de enfermagem. A maior parte do abastecimento de leite advém do público externo, e em 2020 foi observado uma redução no número de doadoras e no volume de leite humano coletado. Conclusões: a pandemia de COVID-19 repercutiu de forma negativa em atividades do BIAMA e na doação de leite, no entanto, foi observado a utilização de novos meios de comunicação para atendimento dos pacientes. Ainda assim, novas estratégias para recrutamento de doadoras devem ser implementadas. Em relação às principais normas que regulamentam o funcionamento de Bancos de Leite Humano, a maioria dos itens elencados são obedecidos pelo BIAMA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding , Process Assessment, Health Care , Milk Banks/standards , Milk Banks/organization & administration , COVID-19/epidemiology , Milk, Human , Brazil/epidemiology
8.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 23: e20220191, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440911

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to assess the supply of human milk exclusively to prematures in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the influence of external and organizational contexts on the degree of implementation of this intervention. Methods: this is an implementation evaluation with analysis of the external context (sociodemographic situation of mothers, support network and industry marketing) and organizational context (belonging to the hospital unit). To define the degree of implementation, the Analysis and Judgment Matrix was used, considering the compliance dimension, and the availability and technical-scientific quality sub-dimensions. The data used were obtained through interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and analysis of documents from the institution. Results: the degree of implementation of the intervention was 80.74%, proving to be satisfactory, with emphasis on the technical-scientific quality sub-dimension. Conclusions: the success in the supply of human milk is linked to public policies, the support and guidance offered to mothers in the hospital unit, presence of a support network, knowledge of mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding, adequate infrastructure and availability of supplies. The prematures being hospitalized in a child-friendly hospital contributed to the implementation of the intervention.


Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o fornecimento de leite humano de forma exclusiva aos prematuros em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e a influência dos contextos externo e organizacional no grau de implantação dessa intervenção. Métodos: trata-se de uma avaliação de implantação com análise dos contextos externo (situação sociodemográfico das mães, rede de apoio e marketing da indústria) e organizacional (pertencente à unidade hospitalar). Para definir o grau de implantação, foi utilizada a Matriz de Análise e Julgamento, considerando a dimensão conformidade, e as subdimensões disponibilidade e qualidade técnico-científica. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, questionários semiestruturados e análise de documentos da instituição. Resultados: o grau de implantação da intervenção foi de 80,74%, mostrando-se satisfatório, com destaque para a subdimensão qualidade técnico-científica. Conclusões: o sucesso no fornecimento de leite humano está atrelado às políticas públicas, ao apoio e orientações oferecidos às mães na unidade hospitalar, disponibilidade de rede de apoio, conhecimento das mães acerca dos benefícios do aleitamento materno, infraestrutura adequada e disponibilidade de insumos. Os prematuros estarem internados em hospital amigo da criança contribuiu para a implantação da intervenção.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Maternal-Child Health Services/organization & administration , Milk, Human , Health Evaluation , Breast Feeding
9.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 57: e20230130, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1529433

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the temperature curve of raw or pasteurized human milk exposed to different heating methods. Method: Experiments with volumes of 5 ml to 100 ml of human milk were carried out between 2016 and 2021 and analyzed according to the exposure time by different heating methods. Descriptive statistics included the calculation of means, medians, minimum and maximum values, measures of dispersion and standard deviation. Results: The thermal curve made it possible to identify the heating of human milk close to body temperature when subjected to a water bath and microwaves. Milk exposed to room temperature (21°C) was unable to reach this temperature. When heated in a water bath at 40°C, smaller volumes reached body temperature between 3 and 5 minutes, while in a microwave at 50% power, practically all volumes reached temperature. Conclusion: The temperature curves of raw or pasteurized human milk were constructed, and it was possible to verify its behavior using different heating methods for administering the food in a neonatal intensive care unit, considering the volume, type and time of heating and temperature.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la curva de temperatura de la leche humana cruda o pasteurizada expuesta a diferentes métodos de calentamiento. Método: Se realizaron experimentos con volúmenes de 5 ml a 100 ml de leche humana entre 2016 y 2021 y se analizaron en función del tiempo de exposición mediante diferentes métodos de calentamiento. La estadística descriptiva incluyó el cálculo de medias, medianas, valores mínimos y máximos, medidas de dispersión y desviación estándar. Resultados: La curva térmica permitió identificar el calentamiento de la leche humana próximo a la temperatura corporal cuando se sometió a baño maría y microondas. La leche expuesta a temperatura ambiente (21°C) fue incapaz de alcanzar esta temperatura. Cuando se calentó en un baño de agua a 40°C, los volúmenes más pequeños alcanzaron la temperatura corporal entre 3 y 5 minutos, mientras que en un microondas al 50% de potencia, prácticamente todos los volúmenes alcanzaron la temperatura. Conclusión: Se construyeron las curvas de temperatura de la leche humana cruda o pasteurizada y se pudo comprobar su comportamiento utilizando diferentes métodos de calentamiento para administrar el alimento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, teniendo en cuenta el volumen, el tipo y el tiempo de calentamiento y la temperatura.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a curva de temperatura do leite humano cru ou pasteurizado exposto a diferentes métodos de aquecimento. Método: Experimentos com volumes de 5 ml a 100 ml de leite humano foram realizados entre 2016 e 2021 e analisados segundo o tempo de exposição por diferentes métodos de aquecimento. A estatística descritiva incluiu o cálculo das médias, medianas, valores mínimos e máximos, medidas de dispersão e desvio padrão. Resultados: A curva térmica permitiu identificar o aquecimento do leite humano próximo da temperatura corporal quando submetidos a banho-maria e micro-ondas. O leite exposto à temperatura ambiente (21°C) não foi capaz de atingir tal temperatura. No aquecimento em banho-maria a 40°C, volumes menores alcançaram a temperatura corporal entre 3 e 5 minutos, enquanto em micro-ondas na potência de 50%, praticamente todos os volumes alcançaram essa temperatura. Conclusão: As curvas de temperatura do leite humano cru ou pasteurizado foram construídas, sendo possível verificar o seu comportamento mediante diferentes métodos de aquecimento para administração do alimento em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, considerando o volume, tipo e tempo de aquecimento e temperatura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Milk Banks , Milk, Human
10.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 4621-4634, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1008046

ABSTRACT

Sialyllactose is one of the most abundant sialylated oligosaccharides in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which plays an important role in the healthy development of infants and young children. However, its efficient and cheap production technology is still lacking presently. This study developed a two-step process employing multiple-strains for the production of sialyllactose. In the first step, two engineered strains, E. coli JM109(DE3)/ pET28a-BT0453 and JM109(DE3)/pET28a-nanA, were constructed to synthesize the intermediate N-acetylneuraminic acid. When the ratio of the biomass of the two engineered strains was 1:1 and the reaction time was 32 hours, the maximum yield of N-acetylneuraminic acid was 20.4 g/L. In the second step, E. coli JM109(DE3)/ pET28a-neuA, JM109(DE3)/ pET28a-nst and Baker's yeast were added to the above fermentation broth to synthesize 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL). Using optimal conditions including 200 mmol/L N-acetyl-glucosamine and lactose, 150 g/L Baker's yeast, 20 mmol/L Mg2+, the maximum yield of 3'-SL in the fermentation broth reached 55.04 g/L after 24 hours of fermentation and the conversion rate of the substrate N-acetyl-glucosamine was 43.47%. This research provides an alternative technical route for economical production of 3'-SL.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Child, Preschool , N-Acetylneuraminic Acid , Escherichia coli/genetics , Lactose , Fermentation , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Oligosaccharides , Glucosamine
11.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 98(6): 572-578, Nov.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422006

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To describe the trend of participation in group and individual support by human milk banks (HMBs) provided between 2010 and 2019 in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study with data from participation in group and individual support provided by the HMBs between 2010 and 2019, available in the production report of the Brazilian Network of Human Milk Banks. The number of participation in group and individual support was expressed for Brazil and for Brazilian macroregions in absolute numbers. Trend analysis was performed from the analysis of index numbers, considering the year 2010 as a reference. It was calculated the ratio of the number of participation in group and individual support by HMBs for each macroregion and year. Results: There was an increase of 42% in participation in group support (300,595 in 2010 vs 425,570 in 2019) and an increase of 69% in individual support (1,157,038 in 2010 vs 1,962,162 in 2019). The North and Northeast macroregions had the highest growth rates in the provision of these services (122 and 131%, respectively), above the national growth rate in the study period. In contrast, the Midwest region showed a downward trend throughout this period, for both types of support. However, in the Midwest, there was a higher ratio of participation in groups by HMBs between 2010 and 2016 and for individual support by HMBs between 2010 and 2012. Conclusion: Individual and group support provided by the HMB as a strategy to support breastfeeding increased considerably in Brazil during the study period, especially in the North and Northeast regions.

12.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(4): 863-870, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422688

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: microbiological quality of raw human milk (HM) from donors at the HMB (Human Milk Bank) of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ouro Preto was evaluated. Methods: the microbiological quality of milk from each of 10 donors in triplicate (30 samples) was evaluated by enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and total aerobic mesophiles (surface plating) and total and thermotolerant coliforms (Most Probable Number - MPN). A questionnaire and a checklist were applied after the end of sample collection to verify the compliance of milk extraction and storage procedures by the donors. Results: inadequacies in the procedures for expression and storage of donated HM were observed. The presence of all microorganisms studied were verified in the milk of all donors, and in some cases exceeded the safety limits. The checklist indicated that some necessary hygienic-sanitary procedures were not carefully performed, making it important to properly guide the donors. Conclusions: this study points to an unfavorable scenario for the safety and quality of donated HM, and it is important to encourage further studies to be conducted so that the Brazilian network of HMB adopts stricter criteria for instructions on procedures and support for HM donors.


Resumo Objetivos: avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica do leite humano (LH) cru de doadoras do Banco de Leite Humano (BLH) da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ouro Preto. Métodos: a qualidade microbiológica do leite de cada uma das 10 doadoras em triplicata (30 amostras) foi avaliada por meio da enumeração de Staphylococcus aureus e mesóflos aeróbios totais (plaqueamento em superfície) e coliformes totais e termotolerantes (Número Mais Provável -NMP). Para verificar a conformidade dos procedimentos de extração e armazenamento do leite pelas doadoras, aplicou-se um questionário e um checklist após o término da coleta das amostras. Resultados: observou-se inadequações nos procedimentos de expressão e armazenamento do LH doado. A presença de todos os microrganismos estudados foram verificados no leite de todas as doadoras e, em alguns casos, excedeu os limites de segurança. O checklist indicou que alguns procedimentos higiênico-sanitários necessários não foram realizados criteriosamente, tornando importante orientar adequadamente as doadoras. Conclusões: este estudo aponta um cenário desfavorável para a segurança e a qualidade do LH doado, sendo importante incentivar mais estudos a serem realizados para que a rede brasileira de BLH adote critérios mais rigorosos de instruções sobre procedimentos e suporte para doadoras de LH.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Quality Control , Food Quality , Milk Banks/standards , Breast Milk Expression/methods , Food Microbiology , Milk, Human/microbiology , Brazil
13.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(6): e264-e267, dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1399710

ABSTRACT

La infección por estreptococo ß-hemolítico del grupo B o Streptococcus agalactiae puede causar morbilidad grave y mortalidad en los recién nacidos, especialmente en prematuros. Las estrategias de prevención actuales han sido eficaces en reducir la frecuencia de sepsis neonatal temprana ocasionada por transmisión vertical. La incidencia de sepsis tardía por dicho microrganismo no se ha modificado y la vía de infección es menos clara. En niños amamantados, la transmisión a través de la leche materna es posible. Se presentan tres casos de infección tardía por estreptococo ß-hemolítico del grupo B en recién nacidos prematuros alimentados con leche materna cuyas madres tenían mastitis. En todos los casos, tanto en el cultivo de la leche materna como en los hemocultivos de los neonatos se desarrolló el mismo microrganismo.


Group B ß-hemolytic Streptococcus or Streptococcus agalactiae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially in premature infants. Current prevention strategies have been effective in reducing the frequency of early onset neonatal sepsis caused by vertical transmission. The incidence of late onset sepsis due to this microorganism has not changed and the route of infection is less clear. In breastfed infants, transmission through breast milk is possible. We report three cases of late group B ß-hemolytic streptococcal infection in breastfed preterm infants whose mothers had mastitis. In all cases, both the breast milk culture and the blood cultures of the neonates developed the same microorganism.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Streptococcal Infections/diagnosis , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus agalactiae , Infant, Premature , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Milk, Human
14.
Av. enferm ; 40(3): 432-443, 01-09-2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL, BDENF | ID: biblio-1415427

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los bebés deben beneficiarse de la leche materna, incluso cuando presentan intolerancia a la lactosa. Por esto, se debe recurrir a la obtención de leche materna deslactosada. Objetivo: analizar el efecto de la enzima beta galactosidasa en la hidrólisis de la lactosa de leche materna madura para bebés clínicamente diagnosticados con intolerancia a la lactosa. Materiales y método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo. El contenido de lactosa se cuantificó desde el inicio hasta el final del tratamiento, controlando temperatura, tiempos y cantidad de enzima ß-galactosidasa adicionada en la leche materna. Se recolectaron 1000 ml de leche materna, obtenidos del Banco de Leche del Hospital General de Medellín (Antioquia, Colombia). Resultados: las muestras donadas se encontraban pasteurizadas y posteriormente fueron sometidas a la acción de la enzima lactasa. Se cuantificó el contenido de lactosa sin la enzima, reportando en promedio 6,34 mg/100 ml ± 0,23. El mayor aporte de lactosa obtenido posterior a la exposición a la enzima (30 minutos) fue de 6,07 mg/ml ± 0,35 (correspondiente a 95 % del contenido inicial), finalizando con un aporte de 0,35 % a una concentración de 0,4 % tras 24 horas, porcentaje que representa 95 % de la hidrólisis total en la leche materna. Conclusiones: en todas las muestras analizadas de diferentes madres se pudo obtener leche materna con bajas concentraciones de lactosa tras 24 horas de haber sido sometidas a la acción de ß-galactosidasa. Lo anterior se establece como una alternativa para los bebés intolerantes a la lactosa, que permitiría no privarlos de todos los beneficios que ofrece este alimento.


Introduction: Babies should benefit from breast milk, even when they are lactose intolerant. For this reason, parents should resort to obtaining lactose-free breast milk. Objective: To examine the effect of the enzyme ß-galactosidase on the hydrolysis of lactose in mature breast milk for babies clinically diagnosed with lactose intolerance. Materials and method: Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory study. The lactose content was quantified from the beginning to the end of the treatment, controlling variables such as temperature, times, and the amount of ß-galactosidase enzyme added in breast milk. A total of 1000 ml of breast milk were obtained from the milk bank at Hospital General de Medellín (Antioquia, Colombia). Results: Donated samples were first pasteurized and subsequently subjected to the action of the enzyme lactase. The lactose content without the enzyme was quantified, reporting an average of 6.34 mg/100 mL±0.23. The highest contribution of lactose obtained after exposure to the enzyme was 6.07 mg/mL±0.35 (corresponding to 95% of the initial content), at 30 minutes, ending with a contribution of 0.35% at a concentration of 0.4% in 24 hours, percentage that represents 95% of total hydrolysis in breast milk. Conclusions: In all the examined samples from different mothers, it was possible to obtain breast milk with low concentrations of lactose 24 hours after these were exposed to the action of ß-galactosidase. This becomes an alternative for feeding lactose intolerant babies and not deprive them from all the benefits offered by breast milk.


Introdução: os bebês se devem beneficiar do leite materno, mesmo quando tenham intolerância à lactose, razão pela qual se deve recorrer à obtenção de leite materno sem lactose. Objetivo: analisar o efeito da enzima beta-galactosidase na hidrólise da lactose no leite materno maduro para bebês diagnosticados clinicamente com intolerância à lactose. Materiais e método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, explicativo. O teor de lactose foi quantificado do início ao fim do tratamento; temperatura, tempos e quantidade de enzima beta-galactosidase adicionada no leite materno foram controlados; foram coletados 1000ml de leite materno, obtidos no Banco de Leite do Hospital General de Medellín (Antioquia, Colômbia). VResultados: as amostras doadas foram pasteurizadas e posteriormente submetidas à ação da enzima lactase. O teor de lactose sem a enzima foi quantificado, relatando uma média de 6,34mg/100ml±0,23. A maior contribuição de lactose obtida após a exposição à enzima foi de 6,07mg/ml±0,35 (correspondendo a 95% do conteúdo inicial) em 30 minutos, finalizando com uma contribuição de 0,35% na concentração de 0,4% em 24 horas, percentual que representa 95% da hidrólise total no leite materno. Conclusões: em todas as amostras analisadas de diferentes mães, foi possível obter leite materno com baixas concentrações de lactose 24 horas após ser submetido à ação da beta galactosidase, como alternativa para bebês intolerantes à lactose e não os privar de todos os outros benefícios oferecidos por esse alimento ideal.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Breast Feeding , Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase , Lactose , Lactose Intolerance , Milk, Human
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; 68(8): 1000-1005, Aug. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406621

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Breastfeeding in women with aflatoxin M1 exposure may be a risk factor for the newborn. Thus, it is crucial to determine aflatoxin M1 levels in breast milk and raise mothers' awareness about nutrition in lactation and other periods. This study was carried out to determine aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk samples taken from mothers who gave birth. METHODS: The study was carried out in the postpartum department of Training and Research Hospital between December 31, 2018, and June 31, 2019, and 90 breastfeeding mothers were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 75 (83.3%) of the examined samples were found positive. The mean aflatoxin M1 ratio in positive samples was 12.16 pg/mL (5.00-23.18 pg/mL). Mothers' consumption of processed food was associated with aflatoxin M1 levels (p=0.043). It was determined that the aflatoxin M1 levels of mothers who consumed processed food products 1 or 2 times a month were 3.22 times lower than those who consumed 1-2 times a week. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasized the importance of monitoring aflatoxin M1 levels in breast milk for infant health. It is thought that nutrition education given to mothers during pregnancy will significantly impact aflatoxin M1 results. In addition, the dangers of mycotoxins in mother-infant nutrition should be emphasized regularly in health education.

16.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398154

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La Microbiota Intestinal (MI) del recién nacido pretérmino (RNP) es modificada por factores como la hospitalización, los antibióticos, la nutrición post natal, entre otros. El estudio: Investigación observacional ­ longitudinal con objetivo de analizar los cambios en la MI promovidos por el tipo de lactancia recibida en neonatos <37 semanas de edad gestacional. Se analizaron muestras de 23 neonatos hospitalizados en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCIN) y Neonatología. Hallazgos: No se encontró diferencia significativa en el desarrollo de la MI respecto al tipo de alimentación, sin embargo se observó una tendencia diferente entre los neonatos alimentados con Leche Humana (LH) que aumentaron la cantidad de Lactococcus y Clostridium mientras disminuyeron Lactobacillus, opuesto al grupo alimentado con Lactancia Mixta (LM) que aumentó la abundancia de Lactobacillus y disminuyó Lactococcus y Clostridium; Conclusión: Se concluye que los miembros específicos de la MI del RNP depende de la interacción dinámica entre el huésped y el tipo de selección dietética.


Background:The Intestinal Microbiota (IM) of the preterm newborn (RNP) is modified by factors such as hospitalization, antibiotics,postnatal nutrition,among others.The study:Observational-longitudinalresearchwiththeobjectiveof analyzing the changes in MI promoted by the type of breastfeeding received in neonates <37 weeks of gestational age. Samples of 23 neonates hospitalized in the Intensive Care Units (NICU) and Neonatology were analyzed. No significant difference Findings: was found in the development of IM with respect to the type of feeding, however a different trend was observed among the neonates fed with Human Milk (HL) that increased the amount of Lactococcusand Clostridiumwhile they decreased Lactobacillus, opposite to the group fed with Mixed Lactation (BF) that increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased Lactococcusand Clostridium;Itisconcludedthatthespecific Conclusion:members of the MI of the RNPdepend on the dynamic interaction between the host and the type of dietary selection.

17.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 120(1): 59-66, feb 2022. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1353500

ABSTRACT

La lactosa es el principal carbohidrato de la leche materna. Es un disacárido conformado por glucosa y galactosa. Su producción en la glándula mamaria es independiente de la dieta materna. Además de proveer energía, es la única fuente de galactosa de la dieta, necesaria para la síntesis de macromoléculas como oligosacáridos, glicoproteínas y glicolípidos. Favorece la absorción y retención de calcio, magnesio y cinc. Su digestión por la enzima lactasa y posterior absorción tienen lugar en intestino delgado. El déficit de lactasa, que puede ser primario congénito (muy infrecuente), primario tardío o secundario por lesión intestinal, puede generar intolerancia con síntomas como dolor, distensión abdominal, flatulencia y diarrea. En el colon, bifidobacterias y lactobacilos pueden hidrolizarla. El manejo nutricional de la intolerancia deberá hacerse siempre preservando la lactancia materna. La reducción o suspensión de la lactosa deberá ser transitoria y se reemplazarán alimentos suspendidos por otros con adecuados aportes calóricos, proteicos y de minerales y vitaminas.


Lactose is the main carbohydrate present in humanmilk. It is a disaccharide made up of glucoseand galactose. It is produced in the mammaryglands, regardless of maternal diet. In addition toproviding energy, it is the only source of dietarygalactose, necessary for macromolecule synthesis,including oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, andglycolipids. It favors calcium, magnesium, andzinc absorption and retention. Its digestion bylactase and subsequent absorption occurs inthe small intestine. Lactase deficiency may beclassified into congenital primary (very rare),late-onset primary or secondary due to an injuryof the intestine; it may cause intolerance withpain, abdominal distension, abdominal gas, anddiarrhea. In the colon, it may be hydrolyzed bybifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The nutritionalmanagement of intolerance should alwayspreserve breastfeeding. Lactose reduction orelimination should be transient, and eliminatedfood should be replaced with other similar incalorie, protein, mineral, and vitamin content.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lactose Intolerance/diagnosis , Lactase/metabolism , Diet , Lactose/metabolism , Milk, Human/metabolism
18.
Indian Pediatr ; 2022 Jan; 59(1): 58-62
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-225276

ABSTRACT

Justification: Recent research has provided evidence for lack of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through human milk and breastfeeding. Updating the practice guidelines will help in providing appropriate advice and support regarding breastfeeding during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objectives: To provide evidence-based guidelines to help the healthcare professionals to advise optimal breastfeeding practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Process: Formulation of key questions was done under the chairmanship of President of the IAP. It was followed by review of literature and the recommendations of other international and national professional bodies. Through Infant and Young child (IYCF) focused WhatsApp group opinion of all members was taken. The final document was prepared after the consensus and approval by all members of the committee. Recommendations: The IYCF Chapter of IAP strongly recommends unabated promotion, protection and support to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic with due precautions.

19.
CoDAS ; 34(3): e20210002, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356164

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a influência de um estímulo gustativo na pressão de sucção, durante a sucção não nutritiva (SNN), em recém-nascidos a termo, saudáveis e com peso adequado à idade gestacional. Método Estudo quase experimental do tipo ensaio clínico não randomizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 60 recém-nascidos (RN), 30 alocados no grupo estudo (GE) e 30 no grupo controle (GC). Os RN foram avaliados quanto à pressão de sucção, durante a SNN em chupeta. Para o GE foi adicionado estímulo gustativo à chupeta, umedecida com o colostro. O GC não recebeu nenhum estímulo, além da própria chupeta. As pressões média, mínima e máxima foram medidas com o equipamento S-Flex®. Resultados O GE apresentou pressão média e máxima de sucção significativamente maiores do que o GC. Ainda, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, entre os grupos, para a 2ª medida da pressão média de sucção. Conclusão Os resultados demostraram que os RN do GE apresentaram pressões de sucção, média e máxima, significativamente maiores, quando comparados ao GC. A utilização de um estímulo gustativo associado à SNN modificou a pressão de sucção e parece potencializar as habilidades orais.


Abstract Purpose To verify the influence of a taste stimulus on the suction pressure, during the non-nutritive sucking (SNN), in newborns, healthy and with weight appropriate to the gestational age. Methods Quasi-experimental study of the non-randomized clinical trial type with a convenience sample of 60 newborns (NB), 30 allocated in the study group (EG) and 30 in the control group (CG). The NB were evaluated for sucking pressure during the SNN in a pacifier. For the EG, a gustatory stimulus was added to the pacifier, moistened with colostrum. The CG did not receive any stimulus, other than the pacifier itself. The average, minimum and maximum pressures were measured with the equipment S-Flex®. Results The SG presented mean and maximum sucking pressure significantly higher than the CG. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for the second measurement of mean sucking pressure. Conclusion The results showed that the NB of the SG presented sucking pressures, average and maximum, significantly higher, when compared to the CG. The use of a taste stimulus associated with SNN modified the sucking pressure and seems to enhance oral skills.

20.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 26: e20210174, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1350744

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre a organização do trabalho de Enfermagem no Banco de Leite Humano a partir das ações de cuidado compartilhado com a equipe multiprofissional. Método trata-se de um estudo teórico-reflexivo com base nos conceitos de campo e habitus de Pierre Bourdieu de modo a compreender o modus operandi dos seus agentes no campo e no subcampo da saúde. Resultados evidenciou-se que o Processo de Enfermagem faz parte dos procedimentos de cuidado em saúde nos diferentes espaços de atuação, todavia, é importante pontuar que há uma interdependência dos serviços prestados. Percebem-se a integralidade da proposta e a organização do trabalho do BLH a partir de uma equipe multiprofissional. Para a Enfermagem, o habitus está posto desde a formação inicial dos seus profissionais, pois há o reconhecimento do saber próprio do campo e que as ações são pautadas em conhecimentos teórico-científicos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o cuidado compartilhado é reconhecido como importante fator de equalização da assistência e demais serviços realizados no campo do BLH. Ao mobilizar os conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu, é possível inferir o habitus nos modos de cuidar, considerando-se, ainda, aquele específico construído ao longo da história da Enfermagem.


Resumen Objetivo reflexionar sobre la organización del trabajo de Enfermería en el Banco de Leche Materna, a partir de acciones de cuidado compartido con el equipo multiprofesional. Método es un estudio teórico-reflexivo basado en los conceptos de campo y habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, con el fin de comprender el modus operandi de sus agentes en el campo y en el subcampo de la salud. Resultados mostraron que el Proceso de Enfermería es parte de los procedimientos de atención en salud en diferentes áreas de actuación, sin embargo, es importante señalar que existe una interdependencia de los servicios brindados. La integridad de la propuesta y la organización del trabajo del BLM se puede ver desde un equipo multiprofesional. Para la Enfermería, el habitus se establece a partir de la formación inicial de sus profesionales, pues se reconoce el conocimiento del campo y que las acciones se basan en conocimientos teórico-científicos. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica la atención compartida se reconoce como un factor importante en la igualación de la atención y otros servicios realizados en el campo del BLM. Mediante la movilización de los conceptos de Pierre Bourdieu, es posible inferir el habitus en los caminos de cuidado, teniendo en cuenta incluso el específico construido a lo largo de la historia de la Enfermería.


Abstract Objective reflect on the organization of nursing work in the Human Milk Bank based on shared care actions with the multi-professional team. Method this is a theoretical-reflexive study based on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field and habitus in order to understand the modus operandi of its agents in the field and subfield of health. Results it was evidenced that the Nursing Process is part of the health care procedures in the different performance spaces, however, it is important to point out that there is an interdependence of the services provided. The integrality of the proposal and the organization of the work of the HMB are perceived from a multi-professional team. For nursing, the habitus is set from the initial training of its professionals, since there is recognition of the knowledge of the field and that the actions are based on theoretical and scientific knowledge. Conclusion and implications for practice shared care is recognized as an important factor in equalizing care and other services performed in the field of HMB. By mobilizing the concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, it is possible to infer the habitus in the modes of care, considering also the specific habitus built throughout the history of Nursing.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Care Team , Milk Banks , Maternal-Child Health Services , Nursing Process/organization & administration , Sociology , Breast Feeding
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