ABSTRACT
Resumen Las infecciones parasitarias intestinales son una de las mayores dificultades socioeconómicas y médicas de todo el mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en niños y su asociación a prácticas de higiene y crianza de animales. La investigación fue observacional, básica, analítica y transversal. La población en estudio estuvo conformada de 542 niños de educación primaria del distrito de Tamburco, Perú. Se recolectaron muestras fecales de 225 niños de ambos sexos. Dichas muestras fueron analizadas con la técnica directa con lugol y solución salina fisiológica. El análisis cuantitativo de Kato-Katz se desarrolló en el laboratorio de la Micro Red de Salud Micaela Bastidas, en Tamburco. Se efectuaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson, odds ratio e intervalos de confianza con niveles de confianza de 95 % mediante el programa SPSS 23. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariada. La prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en los niños fue del 63,6 % (143/225; IC 95 %=57,1-70,1). Los niños que no se lavan las manos antes de comer tuvieron mayor riesgo de infección con Blastocystis sp. (OR=20,8), Entamoeba coli (OR=16,9) y Giardia lamblia (OR=6,2) (p < 0,01). Además, los niños que caminan descalzos tuvieron 2,1 veces más riesgo de infectarse con Blastocystis sp. (p < 0,05). En conclusión, la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en los niños de Tamburco fue alta y estuvo asociada con los hábitos de no lavarse las manos antes de comer y caminar descalzos.
Abstract Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the greatest socioeconomic and medical difficulties worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and their association with hygiene and animal husbandry practices. The research was observational, basic, analytical and cross-sectional. The study population consisted of 542 primary school children from the district of Tamburco, Peru. Fecal samples were collected from 225 children of both sexes. These samples were analyzed using the direct technique with lugol and physiological saline solution. The quantitative Kato-Katz analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Micro Red de Salud Micaela Bastidas, in Tamburco. Pearson's chi-square tests, odds ratios and confidence intervals with confidence levels of 95% were performed using SPSS 23 software. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in children was 63.6% (143/225; 95% CI=57.1-70.1). Children who did not wash their hands before eating had a higher risk of infection with Blastocystis sp. (OR=20.8), Entamoeba coli (OR=16.9) and Giardia lamblia (OR=6.2) (p < 0.01). In addition, children walking barefoot were 2.1 times more at risk of becoming infected with Blastocystis sp. (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Tamburco children was high and was associated with the habits of not washing hands before eating and walking barefoot.
ABSTRACT
Information is a source of power and is important for individual growth and survival. Information about health and hygiene is crucial because it influences an individual’s quality of life. As far as health and hygiene practices are concerned, women play anactive role in getting information about these; hence there is a need to study their information needs regarding health and hygiene. After finding out the needs of women regarding these aspects, accordingly information can be made accessible to them. Keeping this into account, the present study was conducted in Ludhiana district of Punjab. Data was taken from 200 rural and urban women of 25-50 years, by the help of an interview schedule. Health and hygiene practices were studied under three categories as personal, food related and household health and hygiene practices. Information needs were studied on a three point continuum i.e. highly needed, somewhat needed and not needed. Results of the study showed that under personal health and hygiene practice, information on hair care and obesity was most needed. The most needed information regarding food related health and hygiene was on low cost nutritious recipes. The major information need reported by the respondents was related to control of insects and pests in case of household health and hygiene practices and majority of the respondents had low level of information need for all health and hygiene practices. Information needs of the women were positively related with their education and mass media exposure, whereas age was negatively correlated with the information needs of women. Consequently, there is a need to educate women regarding health and hygiene practices through effective communication methods, so that they can realize the importance and need for information on these topics
ABSTRACT
@#Poor hygiene practice is an important factor that lead to morbidity and mortality among young children which are common among the indigenous population due to the lack of access to health services and their unique beliefs and practices. This study aimed to identify the socio-demographic determinants of hygiene practices among the indigenous (known as Orang Asli in Malaysia) primary caregivers of children under the age of three in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 166 primary caregivers of Orang Asli children of below three years old in Kuala Langat District. Data was collected using a validated and pre-tested questionnaire via face-to-face interviews with individual respondents. The questionnaire consisted of two main sections: sociodemographics and hygiene practice. Results: A majority of the Orang Asli primary caregivers had good hygiene practices (78.9%). The number of children under five years old living at home was significantly associated with hygiene practice and it was the only significant determinant or predictor of good hygiene practice among the Orang Asli primary caregivers. Conclusion: The number of children under five years old living at home is an important factor to ensure good hygiene practices among the primary caregivers of Orang Asli children. This factor need to be taken into consideration in monitoring children health status by the health staff by emphasizing the importance of hygiene practice in the prevention of infectious diseases and malnutrition among Orang Asli children.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: orientar alunos do ensino fundamental e médio do CED07-Ceilândia / DF sobre a importância das práticas de higiene em prol da prevenção de doenças infecciosas. Método: o estudo foi desenhado em três fases distintas: aplicação de questionários de higiene pessoal; palestras e workshops práticos sobre patologias humanas; e avaliação do projeto pelos alunos participantes. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que 57% dos alunos compartilham objetos pessoais, um número muito elevado, uma vez que a literatura aponta que existem várias patologias que podem ser adquiridas de objetos individuais. Observou-se também que os alunos não têm o hábito de tirar os sapatos antes de entrar em suas casas. Eles alegaram desconhecer os riscos de contaminação por esse comportamento, mas afirmaram que, após as informações fornecidas pelo projeto, estariam mais atentos a esse fator de contaminação domiciliar. Assim, acredita-se que as práticas educativas e informativas sobre o tema proposto foram relevantes, uma vez que os alunos relataram que aprenderam com as atividades desenvolvidas e estavam dispostos a mudar seu comportamento em relação às práticas de higiene. Conclusão: O estudo também demonstra que tais práticas contribuem para a prevenção de doenças por meio de medidas simples, como a melhoria da higiene pessoal, essencial para a saúde pública, uma vez que muitas doenças graves podem ter reduzido o índice de contaminação apenas com orientações educativas. e práticas de higiene corretas.
Objective: to guide students of elementary and high-school levels at CED07-Ceilândia/DF on the importance of hygiene practices in favor of preventing against infectious diseases. Method: the study was designed in three distinct phases: application of questionnaires about personal hygiene; lectures and practical workshops on human pathologies; and evaluation of the project by participating students. Results: The results show that 57% of the students share personal items, a considerably high number since the literature points out that there are several pathologies that can be acquired using individual objects. It was also noted that students are not in the habit of removing their shoes before entering their homes. They claimed that they were unaware of the risks of contamination through this behavior, but stated that, after the information provided by the project, they would be more attentive to this home contamination factor. Thus, it is believed that the educational and informational practices on the proposed theme were relevant, as students reported that they learned from the developed activities and were willing to change their behavior regarding hygiene practices. Conclusion: The study also demonstrates that such practices contribute to disease prevention through simple measures, such as better personal hygiene, which is essential for public health, since many serious diseases can have reduced contamination rate only with educational guidelines and correct hygiene practices.
Objetivo: orientar a los estudiantes de primaria y secundaria del CED07-Ceilândia / DF sobre la importancia de las prácticas de higiene a favor de la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas. Método: el estudio se diseñó en tres fases diferenciadas: aplicación de cuestionarios de higiene personal; conferencias y talleres prácticos sobre patologías humanas; y evaluación del proyecto por parte de los estudiantes participantes. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el 57% de los estudiantes comparten objetos personales, un número muy alto, ya que la literatura señala que existen varias patologías que se pueden adquirir a partir de objetos individuales. También se observó que los estudiantes no tienen la costumbre de quitarse los zapatos antes de ingresar a sus hogares. Afirmaron desconocer los riesgos de contaminación por este comportamiento, pero manifestaron que, luego de la información brindada por el proyecto, estarían más atentos a este factor de contaminación domiciliaria. Así, se cree que las prácticas educativas e informativas sobre el tema propuesto fueron relevantes, ya que los estudiantes informaron que aprendieron de las actividades desarrolladas y estaban dispuestos a cambiar su comportamiento en relación a las prácticas de higiene. Conclusión: El estudio también demuestra que dichas prácticas contribuyen a la prevención de enfermedades a través de medidas simples, como la mejora de la higiene personal, fundamental para la salud pública, ya que muchas enfermedades graves pueden haber reducido la tasa de contaminación solo con pautas educativas. y prácticas de higiene correctas.
Subject(s)
Hygiene , Communicable Diseases , Coronavirus Infections , Education , Influenza, Human , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeABSTRACT
Background: Dental caries is commonly seen among school children. The World Health Organization has stated it to be one of the leading non-communicable diseases. Objective: To study the prevalence of dental caries among school children and to study the oral hygiene practices in the occurrence of dental caries.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 307 school children aged 10-15 years. Each child was asked about the dental hygiene practices and was examined for the presence of caries.Results: The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 48.9 % with the 95% CI of 43.3% - 54.4%. The prevalence of dental caries was high among children 10-12 years of age 95(53.6%) compared to 55 (42.3%) among children in the age group of 13-15 years (p=0.05). Daily sweet consumption was significantly associated with a higher prevalence 40 (63.5%) of dental caries (p=0.01). Children not consuming vegetables and fruits everyday had a higher prevalence 76.5% dental caries (p = 0.03). Children who are not practicing night brushing had a higher prevalence of 112 (52.8%) of caries (p=0.04). The study showed that only 17.3% of the children visited a dental health care service.Conclusion: Authors found the prevalence of dental caries to be high. Health education regarding the importance of good oral hygiene practices such as night brushing, diet modification and periodic dental visits to all the school children will play a major role in the prevention of dental caries.
ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken with the objectives to identify the information-seeking behaviour of women regarding food related health and hygiene practices, and to ascertain the relationship of information-seeking behaviour of women with their personal and socio-economic characteristics. The study was conducted in both the rural and urban areas of Ludhiana district of Punjab, India. A total of 200 women formed the sample for the study, and data was collected with the help of an interview schedule. Information-seeking behaviour was studied in terms of information needs, use of information sources and information source evaluation. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents had low information needs for selected food related health and hygiene practices. Informal sources (like family, friends, neighbours and relatives) were the most frequently used sources of information, whereas use of all information sources i.e. formal sources, informal sources and mass media were found to be low by most of the respondents. Information sources were never evaluated by the majority of the respondents while looking for information on food related health and hygiene practices. Most of the respondents possessed passive information-seeking behaviour for food related health and hygiene practices. Information-seeking behaviour of the respondents was positively correlated with their education, caste, family income and mass media exposure while age of the respondents was negatively correlated with their information-seeking behaviour.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Bacterial contamination of drinking water is a major public health problem in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Unimproved water sources are a major reservoir of Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing severe diarrhoea in humans. This study assessed E. coli counts in drinking water from different sources and their relationship with water source protection status and neighbourhood sanitation and hygiene practices in rural villages of Mohale Basin in Lesotho.@*METHODS@#Thirty drinking water sources were purposively sampled and their water analysed for E. coli counts. The types of water sources, their protection status and neighbourhood sanitation and hygiene practices in their proximity were also assessed. E. coli counts in water samples were compared to water source protection status, neighbourhood sanitation, hygiene practices, livestock faeces and latrine proximity to water sources.@*RESULTS@#E. coli counts were found in all water samples and ranged from less than 30 colony-forming units (cfu)/100 ml to 4800 cfu/100 ml in protected sources to 43,500,000 cfu/100 ml in unprotected sources. A significant association between E. coli counts in drinking water samples and lack of water source protection, high prevalence of open defecation (59%, n = 100), unhygienic practices, livestock faeces and latrine detections in proximity to water sources was found in the study (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Water sources in studied villages were contaminated with faeces and posed a health risk to consumers of that water. Community-led sanitation and hygiene education and better water source protection are urgently needed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drinking Water , Microbiology , Escherichia coli , Feces , Microbiology , Health Behavior , Hygiene , Lesotho , Rural Health , Sanitation , Methods , Water Microbiology , Water Quality , Water SupplyABSTRACT
The purpose of this current study was to examine the effects of nutrition and food safety management support by the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFSM) in foodservice facilities for children in the Ulsan area. From December 2014 to July 2015, the status of nutrition practices and hygiene practices was assessed by dietitians using nutrition and hygiene practice checklists. The subjects of study were 48 institutional foodservice facilities for children. Some nutrition practice items showed significant increases in average scores of 'using CCFSM menus (P<0.001), revising menus (P<0.05), and reconfirm menus (P<0.01)' from pre-support to post-support. Regarding hygiene practices, some items between pre-support to post-support showed significant increases in average scores of 'having equipment for hand washing & disinfecting' (P<0.01), 'wearing disinfected clothing for kitchen hygienically' (P<0.05), 'proper sterilization' (P<0.05), 'recording the origin of ingredients' (P<0.01), 'use of different knives/cutting boards' (P<0.05), and 'an appropriate thawing process' (P<0.05) from pre-support to post-support. Based on the above results, we found that nutrition and hygiene management support by CCFSM in foodservice facilities for children had a positive influence on status of some nutrition and food safety practices.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Checklist , Clothing , Education , Food Safety , Hand Disinfection , Hygiene , NutritionistsABSTRACT
@#The purpose of this study was to assess the association of bottle feeding and oral hygiene practices with the severity of caries among 3 to 5-year-old children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC). This cross-sectional study was carried out on pediatric dental patients with ECC attending a public university hospital. The parents or guardians were interviewed for the bottle-feeding pattern and oral hygiene practices followed by a clinical dental examination of their children with ECC. Data analysis was done using Chi squared test. Out of 32 children, 69% had severe early childhood caries with mean dft of 8.88. In this study, 87.5% of the subjects had a history of bottle feeding, with 53.1% still being bottle fed at the time of study. Current bottle-feeding habit was found to be statistically significant with the severity of caries (p=0.021). Majority (69 %) of the children were introduced to tooth brushing only after 1 year of age. About 40% of the children consumed either pre-chewed rice and/or shared spoons or feeding utensils with their parents or siblings but there was no significant association with the severity of caries (p=1.00). Because of its association with ECC, prolonged bottle feeding is significantly associated with the severity of caries in our study population. Besides, vertical and horizontal transmission of bacteria was also a risk factor for ECC, but it did not show any significant association with severity of ECC.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of the present study was to find out the periodontal health status among pregnant women attending various government hospitals in Faridabad city. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional single study carried on 800 pregnant women attending various government hospitals in Faridabad city, Haryana. The format consisted of a questionnaire to assess the demographic profile, type of diet, trimester, number of pregnancies, and medical complications if any, perceived oral health problems, oral hygiene attitudes, oral hygiene practices and visit to dentist. The type III clinical examination of all the subjects was done by a single examiner using Plane mouth mirrors and CPITN probe within the Gynaecology section of the hospitals. Periodontal health status was assessed by Community Periodontal index and Loss of attachment index. Results: Mean age of study participants was 24.53±4.23. More subjects were in third trimester (62.96%). A highest CPI score 2 was found among 53% subjects, where as score 3 was seen among 44.25% and score 4, among 2.75% subjects. Mean number of sextants recorded with CPI score of 2 were 4.06. 78.5% subjects used toothbrush and 81.25% toothpaste for oral hygiene maintenance. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of periodontitis was 47% and increased with poor oral hygiene practices, thus requiring the necessity of interventions and preventions.
ABSTRACT
This case study was conducted to determine the level of personal hygiene among food handlers and its relationship to cafeteria hygiene Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). 75 respondents were involved in this study. The data shows that 32% of respondents are not vaccinated for typhoid while 49.3% do not acquire food handlers’ course certificate. The data also shows that 50.7% of the respondents are not Malaysian citizen. In term of personal hygiene practices, the findings show that 7 items are higher in percentage (70.3% – 87.5%) while another 7 items are lower in percentage (26.4% – 68%). The findings also show that 12 items related to cafeteria sanitary are conformed while 9 items are not. The statistical analysis shows that personal hygiene practices are significantly different (U = 472, p = 0.01) between Malaysian citizen food handlers and the non-Malaysian food handlers. The findings show that Malaysian citizen food-handlers practice better personal hygiene in comparison to non-Malaysian food-handlers. It is also observed that the relationship between is positive and statistically significant (χ2 = 6.432, p = 0.011), although the association between food-handlers personal hygiene and cafeteria sanitary is medium (Φ = 0.29). The findings imply that Malaysian citizen food handlers are better in personal hygiene practices and in promoting cafeteria sanitary in comparison to non-Malaysian food-handlers
ABSTRACT
This study examined the hygiene practices of contract foodservice employees and investigated the influence of education and work environment on these hygienes practices. A questionnaire was distributed to 250 contract foodservice employees and a total of 232 responses were received and analyzed. The overall score for hygiene practices of contract foodservice employees was 3.89 based on a 5-point scale. Cross-contamination was prominent (highest score at 4.46) and the heating temperature was less prominent (lowest score at 3.49). The factors most affecting contract foodservice employees were their work period, the size of the contract foodservice management company, the number of meals served daily, the frequency of meal service per day and the frequency of hygiene education. Compared to small and medium-sized contract foodservice management companies, the major contract foodservice management companies showed higher scores for refrigerator/freezer control (P<0.001), vegetable/fruit disinfection (P<0.001), thawing (P<0.001), heating temperature (P<0.001), cleaning/disinfection (P<0.01), and personal hygiene (P<0.05). The frequency of hygiene education had a significant effect on the performance levels for refrigerator/freezer control (P<0.001), vegetable/fruit disinfection (P<0.001), thawing (P<0.001), heating temperature (P<0.001), cleaning/disinfection control (P<0.001), food supply control (P<0.05), and personal hygiene (P<0.05). From these results, to increase the sanitation quality of contract foodservice operations, hygiene practice levels need to increase and hygiene education systematically should be enforced for foodservice employees.
Subject(s)
Humans , Contracts , Disinfection , Food Supply , Heating , Hot Temperature , Hygiene , Meals , Surveys and Questionnaires , SanitationABSTRACT
Trata-se de compreender os significados das práticas de higiene dos alimentos em uma feira livre da cidade de Salvador (BA). O estudo etnográfico consegue apreender duas categorias centrais como produção simbólica das práticas higiênicas: o limpo como ordem e o sujo como desordem. Esses códigos culturais fazem correspondências com os estudos de Mary Douglas e Norbert Elias e apresentam especificidades para decifrar um mundo cotidiano em que concepções e práticas de higiene são aspectos normalizados por personagens que compartilham o espaço da feira: feirantes, consumidores, garis e fiscais municipais. O conhecimento técnico-científico e a legislação sanitária são tidos como estranhos ao sistema simbólico dos feirantes. As leis não são efetivas e não têm uma influência importante na construção das práticas higiênicas. As práticas dos fiscais municipais são coercitivas e punitivas e não consideram os valores culturais na formação de novas práticas de higiene.
The main objective of this research is to understand the meaning of the practices concerning food hygiene in a street market in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State in Brazil. The ethnographic study presents two main categories for symbolic production related to hygiene practices: cleanliness as order and dirtiness as disorder. These cultural codes make correspondence with the studies of Mary Douglas and Nobert Elias. The codes present particularities to decode everyday life, in which concept and hygiene practices are aspects normalized, in daily activity, for persons who share the space of street market: vendors, consumers, street cleaners and official inspectors. The techno-scientific knowledge and sanitary legislation are strange to the symbolic system of street market vendors. The laws are ineffective and their influence is of little importance in the creation of hygiene practices. Official inspectors' attitudes are coercive and punitive and do not take into account any cultural values when enforcing new hygiene practices.
Subject(s)
Commerce , Hygiene , Brazil , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de cuatro cepillos dentales de diferente diseño (Colgate Microsonic®, Colgate Twister Fresh®, Colgate 360 Sensitive® y Colgate 360®) para determinar si existe superioridad clínica en la remoción de placa bacteriana de alguno de ellos mediante la técnica de Bass modificado en estudiantes de salud oral de la ciudad de Cali. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado que compara la eficacia de cuatro diseños de cepillos dentales a través de diferentes técnicas de cepillado en 200 estudiantes de dos programas de entrenamiento de auxiliares de salud oral, de sexo femenino, con edades comprendidas entres los 15 y 43 años, escogidos por conveniencia y los cuales conformaron los grupos control (cualquier técnica de cepillado) e intervención (técnica de cepillado de Bass modificado). El seguimiento fue realizado durante 21 días a través de la aplicación del Índice de placa bacteriana de O´leary realizada por un odontólogo. Resultados: El cepillo Colgate Twister Fresh® (33%) tuvo mayor probabilidad de reducir el índice de placa bacteriana en cualquier momento del seguimiento cuando se comparó su eficiencia con la de los otros cepillos. La técnica modificada de Bass tuvo mayor probabilidad de reducir placa bacteriana que otras técnicas pero de igual forma esta diferencia no fue significativa. Conclusiones: No se encontró diferencia significativa entre las técnicas de cepillado tenidas en cuenta en este estudio. Ninguno de los cuatro diseños de cepillos empleados en este estudio presentó significancia estadística respecto a la eliminación de la placa bacteriana.
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of four different designed toothbrushes (Colgate Microsonic®, Colgate Twister Fresh®, Colgate 360 Sensitive® y Colgate 360®) to determine the clinical advantage on removal of plaque using modified Bass technique in dental hygiene students in Cali. Methods: This is a controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy of four toothbrushes designs with different tooth brushing methods in 200 female dental hygiene students with ages from 15 to 43. Control group used any tooth brushing technique whereas test group used modified Bass technique. Follow up was made daily for 21 days with O´Leary Plaque Index. Results: Colgate Twister Fresh® toothbrush had more probability to reduce plaque index at any time of follow up period than other toothbrushes. Modified Bass technique had more chance to reduce plaque than other techniques but with no significant differences. Conclusions: there were no statistically significant differences between tooth brush techniques. None of the four designs of studied toothbrushes showed differences in regard to plaque elimination.
Subject(s)
Toothbrushing/methods , Dental Plaque , Preventive DentistryABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to gather information on the oral hygiene behaviour among the visually impaired adolescents. Interview and observation methods were used to collect data. A total of 114 visually impaired adolescents were interviewed and 10 of the interviewees were selected for observation on the actual oral hygiene practices. The mean age of the sample was 16 years old. The sample comprised of 53.5% female, majority were Malays (86.8%) and most of them were from the lower income group. Fifty four percent of the sample had low vision and 45.6% were blind. All of the participants reported that they brushed their teeth daily and most of them brushed twice a day or more. Flossing (6.1%) was not common practice among this group. It was observed that they encountered some difficulties, especially when putting the toothpaste on the toothbrush and also the way that they brushed their teeth could cause detrimental effect to the oral cavity. Thus, they need to be taught on proper oral hygiene care so that they can practice safe oral hygiene care and maintain their own oral health.