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1.
Rev. colomb. biotecnol ; 17(2): 16-21, jul.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769081

ABSTRACT

Vasconcellea stipulata has great commercial importance because of its enzymatic activity and as a source for genetic improvement of papaya since it is resistant to the papaya ringspot virus. However, due to its low regeneration by seeds and limited knowledge of its genetic and pharmaceutical properties, this species is not widely cultivated. For propagation, in vitro culture of seeds has been used to address this problem, but hyperhydricity, a physiological disorder, mainly expressed in the developing embryonic axis and specifically associated with this species, is a significant constraint. In order to obtain elite material for culture of V. stipulata, the aim of this work was to increase germination, to control hyperhydricity in embryos and to evaluate the potential to induce morphogenic responses, i.e., shoot formation. Our results showed that it is possible to increase germination up to 53% under in vitro conditions within a short period in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, hyperhydricity was significantly reduced (50%) in vitro when gibberellic acid concentrations were included on a 1/2 Nitsch and Nitsch nutrient medium, resulting in approximately 80% recovery of viable seedlings. Finally, other plant growth regulators were evaluated and found to trigger shoot formation in axillary buds as well as induce the formation of callus in leaf sections derived of seedlings.


Vasconcellea stipulata posee una gran importancia comercial debido a su actividad enzimática y como fuente para el mejoramiento genético de papaya, debido a su resistencia al virus de la mancha anular de esta especie. Sin embargo, debido a su baja regeneración por semillas y al limitado conocimiento de sus propiedades genéticas y farmacéuticas, esta especie no es cultivada ampliamente. La propagación a través del cultivo in vitro de semillas se ha usado para contrarrestar este tipo de problema, pero la hiperhidricidad, un trastorno fisiológico, expresado principalmente en los ejes embrionarios en desarrollo y asociado específicamente a esta especie, es una restricción significativa. Con el fin de obtener material de élite para el cultivo de V. stipulata, el objetivo de este trabajo fue incrementar la germinación, controlar la hiperhidricidad en embriones y evaluar el potencial para inducir respuestas morfogénicas, es decir, la formación de brotes. Nuestros resultados mostraron que es posible aumentar la germinación hasta un 53% en condiciones in vitro, dentro de un período más corto en presencia de peróxido de hidrógeno. Además, la hiperhidricidad se redujo significativamente (50%) en condiciones in vitro cuando se incluyó ácido giberélico en bajas concentraciones en el medio 1/2 Nitsch y Nitsch. Esto permitió recuperar hasta aproximadamente el 80% de plántulas viables. Finalmente, otros reguladores de crecimiento vegetal evaluados, indujeron la formación de brotes en yemas axilares y la formación de callos en secciones de hoja derivadas de plántulas.

2.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(6): 1682-1687, set. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-525306

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) e NAA (ácido naftaleno acético) na indução, na multiplicação in vitro de gemas, nas brotações de Ananas comosus da cultivar 'IAC Gomo-de-mel' e a correlação desses efeitos com a atividade de peroxidase e o teor de proteína solúvel total. Foram utilizadas gemas axilares retiradas da coroa de frutos sadios, inoculadas em tubo de ensaio contendo meio de cultura MS solidificado com ágar a 5 por cento, pH ajustado para 5,7, contendo os tratamentos que incluíam diferentes concentrações e combinações de BAP (0, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5mg L-1) e NAA (0, 0,5 e 1,0mg L-1). Nessa fase, aos 65 dias, ocorreu a formação de 2,24 brotações, utilizando-se 1mg L-1 de BAP. Após o desenvolvimento, as gemas foram inoculadas em meio MS líquido associado a dois tratamentos (1,0mg L-1 BAP + 0,5mg L-1 NAA e 1,0mg L-1 BAP + 1,0mg L-1 NAA) e, aos 95 dias, o meio de cultura mais adequado foi aquele que continha 1,0mg L-1 BAP + 0,5mg L-1 NAA, proporcionando 7,42 brotações, menor porcentagem de hiper-hidricidade, maior número de brotações e indução de gemas. As proteínas solúveis apresentaram relação negativa com hiper-hidricidade e comprimento de brotações. A atividade da peroxidase foi maior em plantas com maior número de brotos e com maior porcentagem de hiper-hidricidade.


The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of BAP (6-benzyl amino purine) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) on in vitro buds induction and multiplication on Ananas comosus cv. 'IAC Gomo-de-mel' shoots and its correlation with the peroxidase activity and soluble protein content. Axillary buds were excised from the healthy fruits crown and inoculated in MS solidified with agar at 5 percent and pH adjusted to 5.7 with the treatments that included different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg L-1) and NAA (0, 0.5 and 1.0mg L-1). At, 65 days stage, 2.24 shoots were formatted using BAP 1mg L-1. After bud development, which were inoculated in MS liquid medium associated with two treatments (1.0 mg L-1 BAP + 0.5mg L-1 NAA e 1.0mg L-1 BAP + 1.0mg L-1 NAA). At 95 days the medium more appropriate was 1.0mg L-1 BAP + 0.5mg L-1 NAA, providing 7.42 shoots and lower hyperhydricity percentage, more shoots induction and buds. The total soluble proteins showed negative relationship with hyperhydricity and shoots length. The peroxidase activity was higher in plants with more shoots and greater hyperhydricity percentage.

3.
Ciênc. agrotec., (Impr.) ; 32(1): 32-36, jan.-fev. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479093

ABSTRACT

Foram caracterizadas as plantas: hiperídrica, intermediária e normal de um clone de Bidens pilosa mantido em cultivo in vitro por meio de isozimas e da atividade de peroxidase. Empregando-se a eletroforese em géis de amido a 12 por cento, testou-se seis isozimas, sendo detectado polimorfismo em peroxidase e fosfatase ácida, permitindo caracterizar cada tipo de planta. Não houve polimorfismo em fosfogluco isomerase, fosfoglucomutase, glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase e malato desidrogenase. A atividade da peroxidase foi maior nas plantas hiperídricas e intermediárias. Conclui-se que a variabilidade enzimática tem potencial como marcador de hiperidricidade em plantas mantidas in vitro.


Activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and isozymes analysis of a Bidens pilosa clone maintained in vitro culture were characterized in hyperhydric, intermediary and normal plants. Electrophorese in starch gels (12 percent) of six isozymes systems was tested, polymorphisms in peroxidase and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) were detected. There was absence of polymorphism in phosphoglucoisomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) and malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). Comparing the activity of peroxidase enzyme, it was higher in hyperhydric and intermediary plants in relation to normal ones. Enzymatic variability is a potential tool as hyperhydricity marker in plants grown in vitro.

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