Efficacy and safety of Saroglitazar and Fenofibrate in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidaemia: A pilot study

Objectives: Diabetic dyslipidaemia (DD) is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia and elevated or normal levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Statins and anti-diabetic medication are coprescribed for optimal control. Materials and Methods: The objective of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Saroglitazar 4-mg and Fenofibrate 200 mg in combination with low dose Atorvastatin (10 mg) in patients with DD. Run-in period of 4 weeks for life-style and diet modification followed by 12 weeks of treatment with saroglitazar or fenofibrate and low dose of atorvastatin was followed. Primary outcome of this study was an absolute change in serum triglyceride level at baseline and end of treatment period (12 weeks). Secondary outcome was changed from baseline lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at the end of treatment period. Safety assessment was also done during the duration of study. Results: Forty patients of DD were randomly divided into two groups. One group received Saroglitazar 4 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Patients in second group received Fenofibrate 200 mg along with Atorvastatin 10 mg. Improvement in deranged lipid levels in both the groups was observed and this difference in improvement statistically was not found to be significant. We also observed that Saroglitazar significantly improves glycaemic profile by decreasing fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1c (P = 0.01, P < 0.01). Adverse events reported during this study were mild and none of the patients reported serious adverse events. Conclusion: Saroglitazar could be a potential drug to control both hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in patients with DD.

Rice bran oil reduces organ-specific fat deposition, attenuates hyperlipidaemia and abnormal liver function in Long Evans rats with high fat intake

@#Introduction: High-calorie diets, particularly the quality of dietary fats, are regarded as an independent risk factor for developing obesity, hyperlipidaemia, and liver diseases. The present study examined the impact of rice bran oil (RBO) on organ-specific fat deposition, lipid profile, and liver function enzymes in Long Evans rats. Methods: Long Evans rats (n=24) were fed for six weeks with a controlled high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hyperlipidaemia and abnormal liver function. Rats were then divided into two groups: one group continued feeding on HFD, and the other group was fed with a RBO diet, replacing the fat source. After six weeks of feeding, six rats from each group were sacrificed and required analytical tests were performed. The remaining obese rats (n=12) were divided into continued HFD and RBO diet, and after sacrificing, essential analytical tests were done. Results: RBO feeding to hyperlipidaemic rats for six weeks significantly reduced brown adipose tissue, abdominal adipose tissue, epididymal adipose tissue, and liver fat compared to continuing HFD group (p<0.05). Similarly, serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were all decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased in response to RBO compared to HFD (p<0.05). Additionally, rats fed with RBO showed reduced alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels when compared with continuing HFD-fed rats (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that RBO supports the reduction of fat storage from major fat depots, controls lipid profile, and restores healthy liver functions in rats.

Evaluation of Anti-Hyperlipidaemic Activity of a Mixture of Zinger officinale, Allium sativum, Citrus Lemon, Honey, and Malus domestica Vinegar (ZACAH) Extracts in Rats Fed with High Cholesterol Diet

@#Introduction: The incidence and complications of hyperlipidemia associated co-morbidities and mortalities are grossly increasing globally. Intervention with natural products preparation has been identified as an alternative for the management of hyperlipidaemia and its related cardiovascular complications. This study investigated the anti-hyperlipidaemic activities of a mixture of Zinger officinale, Allium sativum, Citrus lemon, honey, and Malus domestica vinegar (ZACAH) extracts in in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats fed with high cholesterol diet. Methods: Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly distributed into 6 groups, including normal chow diet-fed (NC), high cholesterol diet (HCD), HCD+ Simvastatin (standard drug) while the remaining three groups were fed with HCD + ZACAH extracts at different doses (1, 3 and 5mg/kg body weight) for 18 weeks. Simvastatin at 10 mg/kg of bodyweight was used as control. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine phenolic compounds present in ZACAH extracts, elastase inhibitory assay was determined using spectrometric with a substrate (N-Succ-(Ala)3-pnitroanilide (SANA) while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was performed based by the method described by Blois, 1958. Results: In vitro; ZACAH extracts had oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of 2000 µmol TE/100 mL, total phenolic content (TPC) of 7537 ± 54.5%, DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 27.34 ± 2.71%, elastase inhibitory assay of 29.29 ± 1.65% and lipoxygenase inhibitory assay of 98.58 ± 1.42%. In vivo, ZACAH extracts showed decreased bodyweight, adipose tissue, improved lipid profiles and hepatic biochemical enzymes. Conclusion: These results suggested that ZACAH extracts supplementation improved hyperlipidaemia in SD rats and might be a promising adjuvant for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.

Study Of The Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effect Of The Combined Administration Of Three Natural Extracts In A Poloxamer-407 Hyperlipidemic Model And Their Lc-Esi-Ms/Ms2 And Hplc Profiling

Objective: Dyslipidaemia is considered a high-risk factor for inducing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aims to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the co-administration of the ethanol extracts of both ginger (root and rhizome) and leek (leaves and bulbs) in addition to the aqueous extract of gum arabic.  Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups: Hyperlipidaemia was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of Poloxamer 407 (P-407) [1 g/kg], negative control [saline injected], hyperlipidemic control [P-407 injected], positive control [Atorvastatin 70 mg/kg], groups four, five and six received ginger extract (400 mg/kg), leek extract (500 mg/kg) and gum arabic aqueous extract (7.5 g/kg) respectively and groups seven and eight received a co-administration of ginger, leek and gum arabic extracts at doses A and B respectively. Lipid profile was monitored. The profiling of all the tested extracts was performed by LC-ESI/MS and HPLC. Results: A significant anti-hyperlipidemic activity (P<0.05) was seen for group eight among all the tested groups producing ≈54%, 72%, 50% and 72% decrease in the measured parameters total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) respectively. An overall of 56 and 45 compounds were tentatively identified in the ethanol extracts of ginger and leek, respectively. Galactose and arabinose sugars were found to be the major saccharides in gum arabic and glucuronic acid was the major polyuronide part. Conclusion: the co-administration of a group of natural extracts in the given concentration proved to be more effective than the use of synthetic drugs or the use of a single component.

Therapeutic effects of anthocyanin-rich Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract on body mass index, lipid profile and fatty liver in obese-hypercholesterolaemic rat model

Background: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. or Roselle, is one of the most common flower plants cultivated worldwide. Traditionally, it is claimed to reduce weight and cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanin-rich Roselle aqueous extract on the physical, biochemical and histological changes in obese-hypercholesterolaemic rat model.Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups (n=6 per group). Group 1 is normal control (NC) rat that was fed with normal diet. The remaining rats (Group 2-5) were fed with commercial high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce obese-hypercholesterolaemic (OH) rat. After induction, the OH rats were divided into 4 groups: OH-Untreated group, OH-ARTE; OH treated with 300 mg/kg Roselle aqueous (anthocyanin-rich) and 1% trifluoroacetic acid extract (ARTE), OH-Orlistat; OH treated with 37 mg/kg orlistat and OH-Atorvastatin; OH treated with 10 mg/kg atorvastatin. After the 3 weeks intervention period, all rats were sacrificed. Body mass index, lipid profile and liver enzymes were evaluated. The liver section was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining for histopathological evaluation.Results: This study showed that 3 weeks administration of ARTE significantly reduced BMI, improved levels of lipid profile and liver enzymes, and histopathological changes of liver when compared to OH-untreated rats. The results were also comparable to the standard drugs.Conclusions: This study suggested that Roselle extract constitutes an effective and safe alternate treatment for obesity and hyperlipidaemia.

Effect of Hydro-alcoholic Extract from Prosopis Farcta Leaves on Liver Injury Caused by High-fat Diet in Rats / Efecto del extracto hidro-alcohólico de las hojas de Prosopis Farcta en la lesión hepática causada en ratas por una dieta rica en grasas

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta (P farcta) leaves on high fat diet-fed (HFDF) rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups - group 1: normal control group; group 2: untreated control group, fed a high-fat diet; group 3: hyperlipidaemic + P farcta (500 mg/kg orally per day); and group 4: hyperlipidaemic + simvastatin (1.0 mg/kg). All groups were treated for 30 days. Liver enzymes, levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation and liver histopathology were assessed. Results: Prosopis farcta extract reduced the elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and body weight. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were reduced in the HFDF animals, whose levels were increased statistically significantly by extract of P farcta leaves. The statistically significant increases in liver malondialdehyde in HFDF rats were reduced after treatment with P farcta. Histopathological findings also revealed positive effects of the extract. Conclusion: These results indicate the lipid-lowering and antioxidative activity of extract of P farcta leaves.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los efectos hepatoprotectores y antioxidantes del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Prosopis farcta (P farcta) en ratas alimentadas con dieta rica en grasas (ADRG). Métodos: En este estudio experimental, 40 ratas macho Wistar se dividieron en cuatro grupos - Grupo 1: Grupo de control normal; Grupo 2: Grupo de control no tratado, alimentado con una dieta alta en grasas; Grupo 3: hiperlipidémico + P farcta (500 mg/kg por vía oral por día); y Grupo 4: hiperlipidémico + simvastatina (1.0 mg/kg). Todos los grupos fueron tratados durante 30 días. Se evaluaron las enzimas hepáticas, los niveles de colesterol total, los triglicéridos, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LBD), la lipoproteína de alta densidad (LAD), el nitrógeno ureico y la creatinina en sangre, la actividad enzimática antioxidante, la peroxidación lipídica, y la histopatología hepática. Resultados: El extracto de Prosopis farcta redujo los niveles elevados de colesterol total, los triglicéridos, la LBD, y el peso corporal. La actividad de la catalasa y el superóxido dismutasa se redujo en los animales ADRG, cuyos niveles se incrementaron estadísticamente en grado significativo mediante el extracto de hoja de P farcta. Los aumentos estadísticamente significativos en el malondialdehído hepático en ratas ADRG, disminuyeron después del tratamiento con P farcta. Los hallazgos histopatológicos también revelaron efectos positivos del extracto. Conclusión: Estos resultados indican la actividad de reducción de lípidos y la actividad anti-oxidantes del extracto de las hojas de P farcta.

Repairing of the Distorted Hyperlipidaemic-Inflamed Testis and Gonads’ Hormonal Axis of Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet by Nigella Sativa

Ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy are commonly used to control the pet population and the health and behavioralbenefits of dogs and cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inherent and humoral immune factors followingovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy surgery in female dogs. In this study, 18 female dogs were used. After anesthesia,animals received one of the following three treatments randomly: 1- laparotomy (control group) 2- ovariohysterectomy 3-ovariectomy. The intrinsic and humoral immunity at baseline, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after surgery were evaluated. In thecontrol group, up to the 7th day of the study, serum myeloperoxidase and bactericidal activity increased, lysozyme andcomplement activity decreased, and constant antitrypsin activity was observed. Ovariohysterectomy and / or ovariectomyhave led to a change in the pattern of variation in the experimental group. Except for antitrypsin, the change in the otherfactors compared to the control group was milder or less; there was a significant difference in the activity of thecomplement, myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity compared to the control group. The total amount of immunoglobulins inthe blood, the level of anti-salmonella antigen and anti-sheep red blood cell antibody in the experimental groups wasdecreased in comparison to the control on day 7. Although ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy resulted in a weakerimmune response than the control group, there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Cholesterol goal achievement and lipid-lowering therapy in patients with stable or acute coronary heart disease in Singapore: results from the Dyslipidemia International Study II

INTRODUCTION@#Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). There is a lack of data on the extent of lipid abnormalities and lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in Singapore.@*METHODS@#The Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS) II was a multinational observational study of patients with stable CHD and hospitalised patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A full lipid profile and use of LLT were documented at baseline, and for the ACS cohort, at four months post-hospitalisation.@*RESULTS@#325 patients were recruited from four sites in Singapore; 199 had stable CHD and 126 were hospitalised with an ACS. At baseline, 96.5% of the CHD cohort and 66.4% of the ACS cohort were being treated with LLT. In both cohorts, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were lower for the treated than the non-treated patients; accordingly, a higher proportion of patients met the LDL-C goal of < 70 mg/dL (CHD: 28.1% vs. 0%, p = 0.10; ACS: 20.2% vs. 0%, p < 0.01). By the four-month follow-up, a higher proportion of the ACS patients that were originally not treated with LLT had met the LDL-C goal (from 0% to 54.5%), correlating with the increased use of medication. However, there was negligible improvement in the patients who were treated prior to the ACS.@*CONCLUSION@#Dyslipidaemia is a significant concern in Singapore, with few patients with stable or acute CHD meeting the recommended European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society goal. LLT was widely used but not optimised, indicating considerable scope for improved management of these very-high-risk patients.

Analysis on risk factors related to incidence of patients with colorectal polyps / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the effects of gender, age, and blood lipid levels on the incidence of colorectal polyps, and to clarify the risk factors of colorectal polyps, and to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps. Methods : The serum lipid levels of the patients with colorectal polyps (polyps group, n=239) and the healthy controls or the patients with chronic nonspecific enteritis (control group, n = 245) were examined. The effects of gender, age and blood lipid level on the incidence of colorectal polyps were analyzed, and the levels of blood lipids of the colorectal polyps patients with different pathogenesis parts and pathological types were detected and compared. Results: The incidence of colorectal polyps of the patients with high level oflow density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P0. 05). The levels of LDL-C ((-4.497, P0. 05). The level of LDL-C of the patients with non-adenomatous colorectal polyps was higher than that of the patients with adenomatous colorectal polyps ((=2. 049, P=0. 042) ; but there were no statistically significances in the gender, age and HDL-C level, TG level, TC level, and HLP ratio of the patients between two groups (P!>0. 05). Conclusion: Male, older, high levels of LDL-C and TG are the independent risk factors for colorectal polyps. High level of LDL-C is associated with non-adenomatous colorectal polyps.

Correlation Analysis on Obesity Complicated with Hyperlipidemia And Lipid,Fatty-insulin Axis, Autonomic Nerve Function / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe the relativity between different obesity degree with lipid,fatty-insulin axis and autonomic nerve function in obesity complicated with hyperlipidemia patients.A total of 659 patients with obesity complicated with hyperlipidaemia were included in this study.All patients were divided into three groups according to obesity degree,which were the mild,moderate and severe obesity.In the clinical study,obesity index,lipid index,fattyinsulin axis index and autonomic nerve function of 659 cases were measured,in order to compare the relativity between different obesity degree with lipid,fatty-insulin axis and autonomic nerve function.The results showed that the lipid index in the mild obesity group was statistically significant compared with the other two groups (P ＜ 0.01);lipid indexes in the moderate obesity group compared with severe obesity group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Fatty-insulin axis indexes except Homa-β in the mild obesity group compared with moderate obesity groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Fatty-insulin axis indexes in the mild and moderate obesity group compared with severe obesity groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Autonomic nerve function indexes in the mild and moderate obesity group compared with severe obesity groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that the obesity degree and lipid level,fatty-insulin axis and autonomic nerve function were closely related in obesity complicated with hyperlipidemia patients.Clinical treatment of these patients can be integrated from multiple perspectives,in order to obtain a more satisfactory curative effect.

Prevalence, factors influencing and knowledge about adherence to lipid-lowering therapy among hyperlipidemia patients

background: Hyperlipidaemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, adherence to lipidlowering therapy is often unsatisfactory due to a combination of patient factors, therapy, socio-economic and health system-related factors. Aims: to identify the prevalence of adherence to lipidlowering therapy, the factors contributing to non-adherence and knowledge regarding hyperlipidaemia and its’ treatment among Malaysian patients with hyperlipidemia. Methods: A quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey was carried out in an urban primary care clinic in August 2015. Patients on lipid-lowering therapy for ≥ 1 year aged ≥ 18 years were selected using simple random sampling. consenting patients answered a selfadministered questionnaire (in Malay/English) which included socio-demographic profile, hyperlipidaemia profile, adherence to lipid-lowering therapy (using the Morisky Medication Adherence scale-8; score ≥ 6 taken as adherent), reasons leading to non-adherence, knowledge regarding hyperlipidaemia and its’ treatment, and use of non-allopathic medicine. results: the response rate was 90.7%. the prevalence of adherence to lipid-lowering therapy was 82.4%. “the most common reasons for non-adherence was being worried about side effect of lipid-lowering agent (71.4%), followed by the need to take too many drugs in a day (61.4%) and negative influences by friends, relative and mass media (60%)”. Factors associated with non-adherence include male gender, on longer duration of therapy, less frequency of follow-up, less number of follow-up clinics, taking medication at night/random timing and having lower knowledge scores. conclusion: Overall the prevalence of adherence was high in patients with hyperlipidaemia. Interventions to boost adherence should target those who were identified as non-adherent.

Effect of Combined Therapy of Acupuncture, Tapping and Auricular Needling on Fatty-insulin Endocrine Axis in Obesity Complicated with Hyperlipidaemia Patients withYin-deficiency and Blood-stasis Pattern / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to observe effect of combined therapy of acupuncture, tapping and auricular needling on fatty-insulin endocrine axis in obesity complicated with hyperlipidaemia patients withyin-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern. A total of 108 patients with obesity complicated with hyperlipidaemia ofyin-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern were randomly divided into the treatment group of combined therapy of acupuncture, tapping and auricular needling, and the acupuncture and tapping group, with 54 cases in each group. The comparison was made to 52 patients in the normal group. Observations were made on changes of fatty-insulin endocrine axis index, lipid index, obesity index, vegetative nerve function index (Y value) and clinical weight-reducing and lipid-reducing effect. The results showed that the pretreatment obesity index, fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin resistance index (Homa-IR), fasting leptin (FLP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and Y value of patients in both groups were significantly higher than those of the normal group (P < 0.01). However, the high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were significantly lower than those of the normal group (P < 0.01). After treatment, both groups received satisfied effects on weight-reducing and lipid-reducing. The fatty-insulin endocrine axis indexes (FINS, FPG, Homa-IR and FLP) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); and ISI was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The combined therapy of acupuncture, tapping and auricular needling had better regulation effects on the fatty-insulin endocrine axis level, lipid level and vegetative nerve function level compared with the acupuncture and tapping group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that patients with obesity complicated with hyperlipidaemia ofyin-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern had dysfunction of the fatty-insulin endocrine axis. The combined therapy of acupuncture, tapping and auricular needling, or the therapy of acupuncture and tapping had good regulation effect. However, the combined therapy of acupuncture, tapping and auricular needling had more significant therapeutic effect.

The correlation between serum uric acid concentration and obesity in children / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between hyperuricemia and obesity in children.Methods 316 children who went to the hospital for treatment of obesity were enrolled in the study as obesity group.Age and sex-matched children with normal body mass index(BMI)were randomly recruited as control group.Fasting venous blood samples were collected for the detection of serum uric acid(UA),glucose(GLU),total cholesterol(CHOL),triacylglycerol (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C).Results Compared with the control group,serum concentrations of UA,CHOL, TG and LDL-C were higher while HDL-C was lower in obese children,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05 ).The detection rate of hyperuricemia in obese children was 24.68%,and in control group was 9.49%,the difference was statistically sig-nificant(P <0.05 ).Serum UA concentration was positively correlated with TG,CHOL and LDL-C,negatively correlated with HDL-C.Conclusion Obesity can lead to higher serum UA concentration and abnormal lipid metabolism.The level of serum UA was correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism.

Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic effect of botanicals: a review of medicinal weeds on KNUST campus, Kumasi.

In recent times, weeds have been controlled by chemical means and other means because they are seen as plant pests as they compete with “useful” plants for shelter, sunlight, nutrients and water. However, these weeds can serve as medicines for the treatment of several diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidaemic conditions. This review, therefore creates the awareness of some weeds on KNUST campus, Kumasi-Ghana, which are capable of treating diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. There were sixteen weeds from 11 different families identified with antihyperlipidaemic and anti-diabetic properties or both. These same plants are also effective against other ailments such as malaria, toothache, eye problems, among others. Conclusion can therefore be drawn that weeds are valuable medicinal plants and hence, must be preserved.

A study of correlation between iron deficiency anaemia and serum lipid profile in Indian adults in BRIMS, Bidar.

Both iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidaemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especially in the Indian population. Some link has been suggested between the two potentially morbid conditions but a sufficient Indian study could not be found in this regard. Methods: This study was planned to find the changes in serum lipid profile in adult Indian patients with iron deficiency anemia and the effect of oral iron therapy on them. 100 iron deficiency anemia and 70 age and sex matched healthy controls, in the age group 18-35 years were investigated for any possible changes in serum lipid profile i.e., triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The patients were followed up after 3 months of oral iron therapy. Results: The results are shown as mean± standard deviation. Triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found to be significantly (P <0.001) elevated in the iron deficiency anemia group (151.87 ± 48.06 mg/dl and 30.40 ± 9.71 mg/dl) as compared to controls (109.99 ± 30.81 mg/dl and 21.96 ± 6.69 mg/dl), whereas level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be significantly (P = 0.02) lower in patients (90.96 ± 41.55 mg/dl) as compared to controls (105.24 ± 26.45 mg/dl). However, after treatment (in 43 patients) there was significant (P <0.001) reduction in the levels of triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (111.56 ± 26.87 mg/dl and 22.30 ± 5.36 mg/dl) when compared to their pretreatment level (154.70 ± 53.89 mg/dl and 30.93 ± 10.84 mg/dl), whereas low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These findings indicate that iron deficiency anemia in Indian adults is attended by abnormal serum lipid profile, which responds significantly to iron therapy.

Comparative Study of Different Component Compatibility Extracted from Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi Fang in Hyperlipidaemia Rat Model / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to optimize the uniform design for effective constituents in water-soluble extractives D, E, F of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi Fang (QXBZF) for the further validation of the ratio of different compatibility. A total of 100 SD rats were used in the study. Among them, 90 rats were given high fat feeding for 7 days. Then, stratified randomization was used. The rats were divided into the all-party group; D, E original prescription group; D, E optimized compatible group; D, E between optimized and original group; D, E optimized but anti-compatibility group; all-party group adding F; optimized compatible group adding F; QXBZF with mainly paeoniflorin accounted for 49.12% as component D, total flavonoids accounted for 30.0% as component E, total acids accounted for 32.07% in component F; the positive drug control group (Xue-Zhi-Kang, 0.108 g/kg); and the high fat model group. In addition, a blank control group (with normal diet) was set. Each group was treated with gastric perfusion according to drug compatibility proportion for 14 days. Rats were sacrificed to take blood samples for the detection of serum lipid, platelet aggregation, vasoactive substance, and inflammation level. The results showed that compared with the model group, the QXBZF D, E original prescription group and D, E optimized compatible group had significant decreasing effects on TC (P< 0.05). The lowest level of TC decreased by optimized compatible group was (3.49 ± 0.86) mmol/L. The all-party group, D, E original prescription group and optimized compatible group can inhibit the platelet with maximum aggregation rate effectively(P< 0.05, P< 0.01); while the D, E optimized but anti-compatibility group (with D, E inverse proportion) had no effect on it. All-party group and the D, E original group adding F had significant inhibition on IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The D, E original prescription group, D, E optimized compatible group and D, E between optimized and original group can ascend 6-Keto-PGF1α significantly (P< 0.05). ET-1 was decreased in the D, E optimized compatible group (P< 0.05). Other groups had no obvious effect on vascular active substances. It was concluded that different effects between the QXBZF D, E original prescription group and the D, E optimized compatible group were observed in action segment and strength. When F parts added, inhibitions of inflammation levels were enhanced at certain level.

Alleviation of metabolic abnormalities induced by excessive fructose administration in Wistar rats by Spirulina maxima.

Background & objectives: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia. Several natural products have been isolated and identified to restore the complications of diabetes. Spirulina maxima is naturally occurring fresh water cyanobacterium, enriched with proteins and essential nutrients. The aim of the study was to determine whether S. maxima could serve as a therapeutic agent to correct metabolic abnormalities induced by excessive fructose administration in Wistar rats. Methods: Oral administration of 10 per cent fructose solution to Wistar rats (n=5 in each group) for 30 days resulted in hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Aqueous suspension of S. maxima (5 or 10%) was also administered orally once daily for 30 days. The therapeutic potential of the preparation with reference to metformin (500 mg/kg) was assessed by monitoring various biochemical parameters at 10 day intervals during the course of therapy and at the end of 30 days S. maxima administration. Results: Significant (P<0.001) reductions in blood glucose, lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL, VLDL) and liver function markers (SGPT and SGOT) were recorded along with elevated level of HDL-C at the end of 30 days therapy of 5 or 10 per cent S. maxima aquous extract. Co-administration of S. maxima extract (5 or 10% aqueous) with 10 per cent fructose solution offered a significant protection against fructose induced metabolic abnormalities in Wistar rats. Interpretation & Conclusions: The present findings showed that S. maxima exhibited anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic and hepatoprotective activity in rats fed with fructose. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms.

Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of Spermacoce Hispida Ethanolic Extract in Triton WR-1339 Induced Hyperlipidaemic Rats.

Hyperlipidaemia is the greatest risk factor of coronary heart disease. Currently available hypolipidaemic drugs have been associated with number of side effects. Herbal treatment for hyperlipidaemia has no side effects and is relatively cheap and locally available. Literature claims that Saponins are able to reduce hyperlipidemia. Based on high saponin content in herbal plants, Spermacoce hispida (S. hispida) was selected and the present study focus on the antihyperlipidaemic activity of ethanolic seed extract of S. hispida against triton-WR-1339 induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. Hyperlipidaemia was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of Triton WR-1339 at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. S. hispida was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg to triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidaemic rats. After administration of S. hispida shows a significant decrease in the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and significant increase in the level of HDL in serum and liver tissues against triton induced hyperlipidaemic in rats. Therefore it effectively suppressed the triton induced hyperlipidemia in rats, suggesting the potential protective role in Coronary heart disease.

Drug therapy for hyperlipidaemia (dyslipidaemia)- A review.

Lipids are transported in human plasma as complexes bound to proteins called lipoproteins. Elevation of plasma concentration of lipoproteins is called hyperlipoproteinaemia or hyperlipidaemia. Lipoproteins are divided into high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDH) chylomicrons and lipoprotein a [Lp(a)]. There is no therapeutic approach that will reduce chylomicron catabolism. HDL is the good lipoprotein. Hypolipidaemic drug therapy can reduce LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) thus reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. A complete lipoprotein profile of the patient is required (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides) before commencing drug therapy. The cholesterol lowering drugs include statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, inhibitors of intestinal sterol absorption, nicotinic acid derivatives and others like dextrothyroxine, omega H-3-marine triglycerides. The adverse effects of these drugs were also highlighted.

A clinical appraisal of adult psoriasis patients in Serdang Hospital

Objectives To determine the socio-demographic profile, clinical characteristics and quality of life of adult psoriasis patients as well as the association between the first two variables with the latter. Methods A cross-sectional study of 30 adult psoriasis patients was conducted in the Dermatology Clinic, Serdang Hospital from 9th to 23rd May 2011. A questionnaire regarding clinical data containing multilingual Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was used in a face-to-face interview. Results Male-to-female ratio was 1:1.5. Psoriasis was more common in Malays (76.7%) compared to Chinese (10%) and Indians (10%), however this ethnic distribution was proportionate to that of the clinic attendance. The onset of psoriasis was during the second to third decade of life in most patients (53.3%) with a mean of 31 years (range 7 - 62). Nine (30%) patients had positive family history of psoriasis. The main aggravating factors were stress and sunlight. Hyperlipidemia was the commonest associated co-morbidity. Plaque psoriasis was the commonest clinical type (66.7%) and majority (66.7%) had <10% body surface area affected. Nail changes were present in 15 (50%) patients and psoriatic arthropathy occurred in 11 (36.7%), with mono/oligoarticular type being as common as symmetrical polyarthropathy. All patients were treated with topical therapy, six were on systemic medication and only one underwent phototherapy. The mean DLQI score was 10.77 ± 6.22. The duration of disease and the age group were negatively correlated with the DLQI scores (r= -0.45 and -0.42 respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion The clinical findings are similar to previous local studies and are valuable to improve patient care.