ABSTRACT
To evaluate the protoscolicidal effects of various concentrations of hypertonic glucose, live protoscolices of sheep were exposed to 10%, 15%, 25% and 50% glucose solutions. Cetrimide (0.5%), silver nitrate (0.5%) and hypertonic saline (20%) were used as positive controls, while physiological saline was used as a negative control. After 1, 2 and 5 min, the protoscolicidal effects were determined by 1% eosin. A 25% glucose solution had no significant protoscolicidal effect. However, a 50% glucose solution revealed higher protoscolicidal effect than 0.5% silver nitrate but weaker effect than 0.5% cetrimide; the effect was comparable with that of 20% hypertonic saline. The results showed that hypertonic glucose solution is highly effective in killing protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep Diseases/parasitology , Sheep , Glucose Solution, Hypertonic/pharmacology , Echinococcus granulosus/drug effects , Echinococcosis/parasitologyABSTRACT
Objective To study the gene and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and its inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC), and the possible role of high glucose in submesothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during peritoneal dialysis (PD) . Methods Primary HPMC was isolated from spent peritoneal dialysis effluent collected from PD patients. After HPMC confluence, the cells were detached by trypsinization and passaged into 25 cm2 tissue-culture flasks. The effect of high glucose and hyperosmolarity on the gene expression of MMP2, TIMP1 and TIMP2 in HPMC was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry and zymography were used to measure the protein expression of MMP/TIMP in HPMC. Results HPMC expressed MMP2, TIMP1, TIMP2 at both gene and protein levels. 4. 25% glucose significantly up-regulated TIMP1 gene expression in HPMC( P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the mechanism of high-glucose-induced injury to human peritoneal mesothelial cells(HPMC). Methods (1)The cultured HPMCs were exposed to culture medium containing different concentrations of glucose(1. 5% , 2. 5% , 4. 25% )for 48 hours and 4. 25% mannitol and normal culture medium were as control. Then apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity was measured by ApoAlert?CPP33/Caspase-3 Assay kits. (2) The cultured HPMCs were exposed to 4.25% glucose culture medium containing different concentrations of caspases inhibitor, Z-VAD. fmk (25, 50, 100 ?mol/L) for 48 hours and 4. 25% glucose culture medium containing DMSO was as control. Then apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity was measured by ApoAlert?CPP33/ Caspase-3 Assay kits as well. Results (1) Glucose increased caspase-3 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared to control, caspase-3 activity was significantly higher in 4. 25% glucose group and 2. 5% glucose group, but not significantly different in 1. 5% glucose group and 4. 25% mannitol group. (2) Apoptotic rate of HPMC was significantly lower in Z-VAD. fmk group than that in control. Z-VAD. fmk decreased the number of apoptotic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, caspase-3 activity of HPMC was significantly lower in Z-VAD. fmk group than that in control. Conclutions (1) High-glucose can induce apoptosis and caspase-3 activation of HPMC in a dose-dependent manner. (2) Z-VAD. fmk inhibits high glucose-induced apoptosis of HPMC in a dose-dependent manner. (3)High glucose induces apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells by caspase-3 activation.