ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The length of the hypocotyl has been highlighted as a potential descriptor of the soybean crop. However, there is no information available in the published literature about its behavior over several planting times. The present study aimed to identify soybean cultivars with stability and predictability of hypocotyl length behavior through neural networks and traditional adaptability and stability methodologies. We analyzed 16 soybean cultivars in 6 planting seasons under greenhouse conditions. In each season, a randomized block design with 4 replications was adopted. The experimental unit was composed of 3 plants. The plot mean was used in the analysis. Hypocotyl length data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Then analyses were carried out using the Traditional Method, Plaisted and Peterson, Wricke, Eberhart and Russell, and Artificial Neural Networks. A significant effect (p<0.01 by the F test) was identified for Cultivars versus Planting Season and Planting Seasons and Cultivars. Cultivars BRS810C, BRSMG760SRR, TMG1175RR, and BMX Tornado RR showed lower averages, high stability, and general adaptability regarding soybean hypocotyl length whereas the cultivar BG4272 presented higher mean, high stability, and general adaptability. Identification of soybean cultivars of predictable and stable behavior as to hypocotyl length contributes to Soybean Improvement as it further our knowledge on the potential descriptor and the possibility of increasing the number of descriptors.
RESUMO: O comprimento do hipocótilo tem-se destacado como potencial descritor da cultura da soja, no entanto, não se tem informação sobre o seu comportamento ao longo de várias épocas de plantio. Diante disto, objetivou-se identificar cultivares de soja com estabilidade e previsibilidade de comportamento quanto ao comprimento do hipocótilo por meio de redes neurais e metodologias tradicionais de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Analisou-se 16 cultivares de soja em seis épocas de plantio, em condições de casa de vegetação. Em cada época, adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental composta por três plantas e usou-se a média da parcela na análise. Os dados de comprimento de hipocótilo foram analisados por meio da análise de variância e teste de Tukey e, posteriormente, procedeu-se análises por meio do Método Tradicional, Plaisted e Peterson, Wricke, Eberhart e Russell e Redes Neurais Artificiais. Identificou-se efeito significativo (p<0,01 pelo teste F) para Cultivares x Épocas, Épocas e Cultivares. As cultivares BRS810C, BRSMG760SRR, TMG1175RR e BMX Tornado RR apresentaram menores médias, alta estabilidade e adaptabilidade geral quanto ao comprimento do hipocótilo de soja; enquanto que, a cultivar BG4272 apresentou maior média, alta estabilidade e adaptabilidade geral. A identificação de cultivares de soja de comportamento previsível e estável, quanto ao comprimento do hipocótilo, contribui para o Melhoramento da Soja no tocante ao melhor conhecimento do potencial descritor e à possibilidade de incremento do número de descritores.
ABSTRACT
Background: Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers is a wild plant used in folk medicine to treat several diseases owing to bioactive secondary metabolites present in its tissue. The accumulation of such molecules in plant cells can occur as a response against abiotic stress, but these metabolites are often deposited in low concentrations. For this reason, the use of a biotechnological approach to improve the yields of technologically interesting bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins is a compelling option. This work focuses on investigating the potential of in vitro T. officinale cultures as an anthocyanin source. Results: To demonstrate the suitability of anthocyanin induction and accumulation in calluses under specific conditions, anthocyanin was induced in the T. officinale callus. A specific medium of 5.5% sucrose supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine /1-naphthaleneacetic acid in a 10:1 ratio was used to produce an anthocyanin yield of 1.23 mg g-1 fw. An in vitro dandelion callus line was established from this experiment. Five mathematical models were then used to objectively and predictably explain the growth of anthocyanin-induced calluses from T. officinale. Of these models, the Richards model offered the most suitable representation of anthocyanin callus growth in a solid medium and permitted the calculation of the corresponding kinetic parameters. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the potential of an in vitro anthocyanin-induced callus line from T. officinale as an industrial anthocyanin source.
Subject(s)
Taraxacum/growth & development , Plant Development , Anthocyanins/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Kinetics , Plant Cells , PhytochemicalsABSTRACT
Aims: The present study was conducted with a view to develop an efficient protocol for high frequency plant regeneration of Brassica campestris for further crop improvement program by biotechnological manipulation and to optimize this system for regeneration of a number of B. campestris genotypes. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: This experiment was carried out in the Genetic Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period of July 2013 to June 2014. Methodology: Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of B. campestris cv. BARI sarisha-12 were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for callus initiation and shoot regeneration. Later on subsequent subculturing is done for shoot elongation and multiplication. MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of NAA were used for root formation. Results: From a total of 15 different combinations of BAP and NAA tested, the combination of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA gave the highest frequency of callus initiation (94.44%) as well as shoot regeneration (63.89%) in case of cotyledon explants where as hypocotyl explants showed 47.62% callus initiation and 19.04% shoot regeneration frequency. Four days old cotyledon explants showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency (72.22%) and higher number of shoots per explant (3.94) than those from older seedling. The shoot regeneration frequency markedly enhanced to 83.33% by the addition of 2.0 mg L-1 AgNO3 to the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and this combination also showed the maximum number of shoots per explant (6.86). Shoot regeneration potentiality of five B. campestris genotypes were investigated and indicated that this system would be widely applicable to all the genotypes. The regenerated shoots were easily rooted on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 NAA and the whole plants were transferred to pot soils and grown to maturity. Conclusion: MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 2.0 mg L-1 AgNO3 is more efficient for multiple shoot regeneration by using cotyledon explants and it may be utilized for In vitro improvement program of B. campestris.
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Serjania communis Cambess. (Sapindaceae) is a plant with climbing habit and occurs relatively often in Paraná State, Brazil. The fruits were collected at the 'Parque dos Pioneiros' a remnant of subtropical forest in Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. The seedlings obtained in the greenhouse were described according to traditional techniques in plant morphology. Seedlings were embedded in historesin and sectioned in rotation microtome. The fruit is the samaroid type, the seeds have about 3 mm in length and brown color. Seedlings are epigeal phanerocotylar. The seedlings have a hairy hypocotyl, foliaceous cotyledons, reduced epicotyl, and two opposite eophylls. The root is diarch, the hypocotyl shows root-stem transition structure, stem epicotyl, and dorsiventral and hypostomatous cotyledons and eophylls. 'Tirodendros' with 45 days of age do not develop cambial variant.
Serjania communis Cambess. (Sapindaceae) é uma planta de hábito lianescente e ocorre com relativa frequência no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. A coleta dos frutos para a obtenção de sementes foi realizada no parque florestal dos Pioneiros (bosque II), um remanescente de floresta subtropical de Maringá, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. As plântulas, obtidas em casa de vegetação foram descritas conforme técnicas usuais em morfologia vegetal. Após a germinação, as plântulas foram descritas morfoanatomicamente e também foi verificada se ocorria a instalação de variante cambial nesta fase inicial de desenvolvimento. O fruto é do tipo samaroide. As sementes têm cerca de 3 mm de comprimento, de cor marrom e com germinação epigeia e as plântulas são fanerocotiledonares. As plântulas foram emblocadas em historresina e secionadas em micrótomo de rotação. As plântulas apresentam o hipocótilo piloso, cotilédones foliáceos, o epicótilo é reduzido, os dois primeiros eofilos são opostos e os demais eofilos apresentam filotaxia alterna helicoidal. A raiz é diarca. O hipocótilo é uma região de transição raiz-caule. O epicótilo tem estrutura caulinar eustélica. Os cotilédones e os eofilos são hipostomáticos e dorsiventrais. Tirodendros com 45 dias de idade não desenvolvem variante cambial.
Subject(s)
Cotyledon , Forests , Hypocotyl , Plant Roots , SapindaceaeABSTRACT
Alelopatia se refere à capacidade que determinada planta tem de interferir no metabolismo de outra, por meio de substâncias liberadas no ambiente. O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito do extrato e frações das folhas de Dasyphyllum tomentosum sobre a germinação, crescimento, respiração e conteúdo de clorofila em Lactuca sativa (alface). Três concentrações em quadruplicata de solução do extrato, frações e 50 sementes de alface, por placa de petri, foram mantidas em câmara de germinação por sete dias. Contagens diárias avaliaram a germinação e medidas da radícula e do hipocótilo, o crescimento. Para o teste de respiração e clorofila total foi realizada leitura em espectrofotômetro após tratamento específico. Com relação à porcentagem, velocidade de germinação e respiração, não foram observadas diferenças quando comparadas ao controle. Observou-se atividade alelopática do extrato e frações sobre o crescimento radicular e o conteúdo de clorofila total. Conclui-se que extrato e frações testados apresentam compostos químicos com atividade alelopática...
Allelopathy refers to the ability of certain plants to interfere with the metabolism of others by releasing substances into the environment. In this study, the effects of the ethanol extract and fractions from leaves of Dasyphyllum tomentosum on the germination, growth, respiration and chlorophyll content of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) were investigated. Solutions of extract and fractions, at three concentrations, were incubated in a germination chamber for 7 days in quadruplicate petri dishes, each with 50 lettuce seeds. Germination counts and measurements of radicle and hypocotyl growth were carried out daily. For the respiration and total chlorophyll tests, a spectrophotometer was used to measure absorbance after specific assay treatments of the roots and leaves, respectively. Concerning the percentage and speed of germination, no difference was observed relative to control. However, both extract and fractions had allelopathic effects on root growth and total chlorophyll content. It is concluded that the extract and fractions contain compounds with allelopathicactivity...
Subject(s)
Chlorophyll , GerminationABSTRACT
Aims: The study was conducted to develop the protocol for callus culture, cell suspension culture and to determine antibacterial activity of Ricinus communis L. cv. Roktima in cell extract. Study Design: Hypocotyl segments used as explants in callus culture and agar disk diffusion method used for antibacterial activity test. Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Biological Sciences, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh during the period of 2010-2012. Methodology: MS medium supplemented with different growth regulators were used for callus induction and cell culture and paper disc diffusion method was used for the determination of antibacterial activities. Growth inhibition was determined against five gram positive bacteria viz., Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtillus, Bacillus halodurans, six gram negative bacteria viz., Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella species, Proteus species, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi by using disc diffusion and micro broth dilution techniques. Results: Auxins NAA, 2,4-D and IAA played a great role in callus induction but 2.0 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BAP + 0.8 mg/L NAA concentrations proved to be most suitable combinations for induction of callus in R. communis L.cv. Roktima. Cells were cultured on the MS medium having 2.0 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L NAA in which the rate of cell growth found highest and the cell continued to grow until 14 days. The peak period of cell growth was observed from 4th d to 6th d. Antimicrobial test with eleven bacteria demonstrated that the extracts of cell suspension culture of R. communis L .cv. Roktima holds the merit of antimicrobial activity and it was considered to be the potent source of antibacterial compounds and a possible source for obtaining the toxin ricin. Conclusion: In summary, the results obtained in the present investigation demonstrated that the extracts of cell suspension culture of R. communis L. cv. Roktima had the antibacterial activity and considered to be the potent source of antibacterial compounds.
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Objective To seek the optimization hormone combination for the callus induction and differentiation from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of Chrysanthemum morifolium through tissue culture. Methods Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants were cultured on various medium with different hormone combinations. Results Callus could be inducted on every media designed in this experiment,but the effects to the induction and differentiation culture of buds were different.The results showed that the medium MS+IAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 12 mg/L was suitable to the induction of callus from cotyledon and hypocotyl.The optimal hormone combination was MS+IAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 4 mg/L for the initiation of adventitious bud of cotyledon.The shoot regeneration percentage reached 67.5%.The optimal medium for the initiation of adventitious bud of hypocotyl was MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L.The shoot regeneration percentage reached 62.5%.Rooting was induced on 1/2 MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L,and the root inducting ratio reached 100% in 7 d. Conclusion A rapid plantlet regeneration system for C. morifolium is established from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants.Bud induction frequency is higher and the shoots in vitro grow vigorously.