Laparoscopic Deloyers Procedure as a Salvage Technique for Colorectal Anastomosis: An Alternative to Total Colectomy

Introduction: The Deloyers procedure is a valuable technique used in reconstructing bowel transit following an extended left colectomy, a Hartmann-type colostomy, or repeated colon resections. It enables the creation of a tension-free colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. Case presentation: A 60-year-old female patient presented for consultation regarding the closure of a colostomy. Her medical history included segmental colectomy of the sigmoid and descending colon, resulting in a Hartmann-type colostomy due to complicated diverticulitis. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery, during which a segment of the transverse colon with a short mesocolon was identified. Due to the complete release of the colon, a colorectal anastomosis could not be performed. As an alternative to preserving the ileocecal valve and achieving a tension-free colorectal anastomosis, the patient underwent the Deloyers procedure. Discussion: The Deloyers procedure involves tension-free anastomosis between the right colon and the rectum or anus. It includes complete mobilization and a 180° counterclockwise rotation of the hepatic angle and the right colon. The right and middle colic vessels are divided, while preserving the ileocolic pedicle and the ileocecal valve, thus avoiding the need for total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, which may yield unsatisfactory functional outcomes. Conclusion: The Deloyers procedure represents a viable alternative to ileorectal or ileoanal anastomosis, offering satisfactory functional outcomes.

Introducción: el procedimiento de Deloyers es una técnica útil en la reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal posterior a una colectomía izquierda ampliada, colostomía tipo Hartmann o resecciones colónicas iterativas, pues asegura una anastomosis colorrectal o coloanal sin tensión. Presentación del caso: una mujer de 60 años acudió a consulta para el cierre de una colostomía, con antecedente de colectomía segmentaria del sigmoides y colon descendente derivada con colostomía tipo Hartmann por diverticulitis complicada. Fue llevada a cirugía laparoscópica, en la que se encontró un segmento de colon transverso con meso corto y al liberarse completamente no se logró realizar la anastomosis colorrectal, por lo que se decidió realizar el procedimiento de Deloyers como alternativa para conservar la válvula ileocecal y obtener la anastomosis colorrectal libre de tensión. Discusión: el procedimiento de Deloyers consiste en la unión del colon derecho y recto o ano libre de tensión después de realizar la movilización completa y rotación de 180° en sentido antihorario del ángulo hepático y el colon derecho, en el que se seccionan los vasos cólicos derecho y medio, con preservación del pedículo ileocólico y la válvula ileocecal, para evitar la necesidad de una colectomía total y una anastomosis ileorrectal, para la cual los resultados funcionales pueden ser insatisfactorios. Conclusión: el procedimiento de Deloyers es una alternativa viable a la anastomosis ileorrectal o ileoanal con resultados funcionales satisfactorios.

The value of terminal lleum intubation during colonoscopy

Abstract It is uncertain whether terminal ileum intubation should be performed routinely during colonoscopy, as there is uncertainty regarding its diagnostic value. The aim of the present study is to assess the diagnostic yield of terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy according to indications for colonoscopy. This is a cross-sectional study in which the results of 294 total colonoscopy procedures were reviewed; ileal intubation was performed in 269 (91.49%) patients. The indications for colonoscopy, the results of ileoscopy, and the histopathological results of ileal biopsies were evaluated. A total of 54 (20%) out of 269 patients who had successful intubation into the terminal ileumshowed macroscopic abnormalities on the terminal ileum. Biopsies were positive in 4 out of 54 (7.4%); all were of Crohn disease. Two were erosions (9.5%.) and 2 were ulcers (18.8%). The two erosions were presented as abdominal pain, abdominal pain and alternating bowel motion. Those with ulcers were presented with diarrhea and perianal disease. Conclusions Considering the low diagnostic yield of ileal intubation during colonoscopy, the decision to performileoscopy or not during colonoscopy needs to bemade on a case-by-case basis. However, routine ileal intubation, brief attempts should be considered despite low diagnostic yield. (AU)

Tuberculosis ileocecal: a propósito de un caso / Ileocecal tuberculosis: A case report

Resumen La tuberculosis es una enfermedad de importancia en la salud pública a nivel mundial, con una alta incidencia a nivel del territorio colombiano. Principalmente, afecta el parénquima pulmonar; sin embargo, en un porcentaje elevado de casos se diagnostica en su forma extrapulmonar y el tracto gastrointestinal es uno de los sitios más frecuentes. Así mismo, la región ileocecal y el íleon terminal son las regiones con más predilección por la bacteria Mycobaterium tuberculosis. Las manifestaciones en esta rara presentación de la enfermedad están dadas por dolor abdominal y sensación de masa principalmente, lesiones ulcerosas en la mucosa intestinal y hallazgos histológicos correspondientes a granulomas caseificantes de gran tamaño y de morfología confluente, que se diferencian de otras entidades como la enfermedad de Crohn. La búsqueda de la enfermedad dentro del tracto gastrointestinal se realiza con ayuda de métodos invasivos como la colonoscopia y de ayudas diagnósticas de laboratorio como cultivos, tinciones o reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Dada la complejidad en el diagnóstico de esta forma de tuberculosis, el conocimiento y la manera en que se aborda un paciente con un cuadro sugestivo de esta enfermedad son factores importantes para establecer el manejo terapéutico oportuno. Se comparte un caso inusual de tuberculosis ileocecal como manifestación de síndrome febril prolongado con desenlace fatal.

Abstract Tuberculosis is a disease of public health importance worldwide with a high incidence in Colombia. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma. However, in a large number of cases, it is diagnosed in its extrapulmonary form, with the gastrointestinal tract being one of the most frequent sites. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a strong predilection for the ileocecal region and the terminal ileum. Manifestations of this rare form of the disease are abdominal pain and mass sensation mainly, as well as ulcerative lesions in the intestinal mucosa and histological findings corresponding to large caseating granulomas of confluent morphology, which distinguish it from other entities such as Crohn's disease. Invasive procedures, such as colonoscopy, and diagnostic laboratory aids, such as cultures, stains, and PCR, are used to find the disease in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the difficulty of diagnosing this type of tuberculosis, knowledge and how a patient with symptoms suggestive of the disease is approached are critical factors for establishing timely treatment. The following is an unusual case of ileocecal TB as a manifestation of prolonged febrile illness with a fatal outcome.

Cistoadenoma mucinoso de la válvula ileocecal: tumoración intestinal infrecuente en un niño de 1 año. Reporte de caso / Mucinous cystadenoma of the ileocecal valve. Uncommon intestinal tumor in a oneyear-old boy. Case report

RESUMEN El cistoadenoma mucinoso se encuentra usualmente en el ovario, páncreas y el apéndice, pero su presentación en el intestino es extremadamente rara. En este reporte de caso, presentamos a un niño con obstrucción parcial intestinal debido a un cistoadenoma mucinoso en la válvula ileocecal. En la cirugía se retiró el íleo terminal, válvula ileocecal, ciego y apéndice, seguido de anastomosis ileocecal. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente en el postoperatorio y se recuperó sin contratiempos. A nuestro entender, este es el primer reporte de presentación de este tumor en dicha localización.

ABSTRACT Mucinous cystadenoma is usually found in the ovary, pancreas and appendix but its presentation in the intestine is extremely rare. In this case report we present an infant with partial intestinal occlusion due to a mucinous cystadenoma of the ileocecal valve. We performed an excision of the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum and appendix, followed by ileocolic anastomosis. The patient did well after the procedure and recovered uneventfully. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of this tumor in this location.

CTfeaturesofileocecaltuberculosis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective Toexploretheimagingcharacteristicsofileocecaltuberculosisbycontrast-enhancedCT.Methods TheCT findingsof16ileocecaltuberculosispatientswereretrospectivelyanalyzed.AllcasesunderwentplainandenhancedCTscan.Results 14casesshowedinhomogeneousthickeningoftheintestinalwallandnarrowingofthelumen,and2casesshowedextensiveanduniform thickeningoftheintestinalwallwithnoobviousnarrowingofthelumen.Theenhancedimagesshowedthat13caseswereobviously heterogeneousenhancement,2caseswerering-likeenhancement,and1casewashomogeneousenhancement.Blurredserosasurface wasseeninallpatients,withsurroundingexudationin14casesandperitoneuminvolvementin12cases.Inallcases,enlargedlymph nodeswerefoundneartheabdominalaortaandonmesentery,withhomogeneousenhancementin10cases,annularenhancementin5casesand calcificationin1case.Conclusion Ileocecaltuberculosisismainlycharacterizedbyinhomogeneousthickeningandheterogeneousenhancementofthe intestinalwall,aswellasnarrowingofthelumen.Thereisoftenobviousexudationaroundtheintestines.Ileocecaltuberculosisoften combineswithenlargedlymphnodesandintrapulmonarytuberculosis.TheenhancedCTscanisofgreatvaluefortheevaluationofileocecal tuberculosis.

Are there differences in the growth adaptation processes of growing and mature organism models of short bowel syndrome?

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to present an experimental model of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in weaning rats and to compare the adaptative mechanisms of the remaining bowel in weaning rats and adult animals by means of morphometric, histologic and molecular methods. METHODS: Twenty-four weaning rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals, one control group and two short bowel groups (euthanasia after 4 and 21 days), and were compared with similar adult groups. Morphometric evaluations of the animals and histopathological and molecular studies of the remaining bowel were performed. RESULTS: The weight of young rats increased after enterectomy, whereas that of adult rats decreased after enterectomy (p<0.0001). The ratio of intestinal length/body weight was significantly higher in weaning rats than in adults (p<0.002), showing that intestinal growth was more intense in weaning rats. Intestinal resection promoted increased thickness of the small bowel lamina propria (p=0.001) and reduced thickness of the colon lamina propria (p=0.04) in weaning rats relative to those in adults. In addition, intestinal resection promoted increased expression of the Bcl-xl gene (antiapoptotic) in adult animals compared with that in weaning rats (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Morphometric, histological and molecular differences were shown in the adaptation processes of growing and mature organisms.

Clinical analysis of 134 patients with ileocecal disease / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of ileocecal disease.Methods The general data,clinical manifestations,imaging examinations,colonoscopy and pathological examination and diagnosis of 134 patients in our hospital with ileocecal disease from September 2009 to March 2016 were collected.The clinical characters were summarized by retrospective analysis.Results A total of 134 cases with ileocecal disease were collected,and 36(26.87％)of them were ileocecal cancer,30(22.39％)of them were inflammatory bowel disease,26(19.40％)of them were intestinal tuberculosis.The main clinical manifestations of ileocecal lesion were abdominal pain,abdominal distention,diarrhea,bloody stool,etc.The colonoscopy imaging showed mucosal hyperemia,edema,erosion,ulcer and tumors on the intestinal tract.The benign lesions mainly showed ulcer with mucosal erosion and edema,and the ileocecal cancer showed neoplasm.CT examination was the common imaging method,and 93(69.40％)cases got tested.49 cases had operation,in which 7 cases had misdiagnosed before operation,and the rate of misdiagnosis was 14.28％.Conclusion The ileocecal disease is mainly benign lesions,and the process of diagnosis is complex;the rate of misdiagnosis is a little high.

Tuberculosis ileocecal: revisión de la literatura a partir de un caso clínico / Ileocecal tuberculosis: literature review from a case report

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge. The true incidence of intestinal TB is unknown, as it can be asymptomatic, and by its nature, often diverts its diagnosis to neoplastic diseases or inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we must have a high index of suspicion, not only in high risk populations and immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic tests that certify the pathology, don’t always achieve excellent performance. Endoscopic findings are not always clear in differentiating malignancy, and in some cases, a therapeutic trial may be needed to confirm the disease. We present the case of a patient with chronic diarrhea, consumptive syndrome and without respiratory symptoms at its onset.

La tuberculosis (TBC) sigue siendo un reto importante de salud pública. La verdadera incidencia de TBC intestinal es desconocida, ya que puede ser asintomática, y por su naturaleza a menudo desvía su diagnóstico a patologías neoplásicas o de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Por lo tanto, se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha, no sólo en poblaciones de alto riesgo y en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Las pruebas diagnósticas que certifiquen la patología no siempre se logran ni tienen un excelente rendimiento. Los hallazgos endoscópicos no siempre son claros para diferenciarla de una neoplasia, y en algunos casos una prueba terapéutica puede ser la confirmación de la enfermedad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diarrea crónica, cuadro consuntivo y sin síntomas respiratorios al inicio de su cuadro.

Clinical value of water exchange colonoscopy / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To compare sedated water exchange and conventional colonoscopy in the recovery time,rates of reaching ileocecal valve and adenoma detection.Methods A total of 200 newly diagnosed patients undergoing colonoscopy with routine bowel preparation and propofol intravenous anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups:water exchange group (WE) and conventional group,100 patients in each group.The operations were performed by two experienced physicians.The recovery time,rates of reaching ileocecal valve and adenoma detection of each group were analyzed and compared after operation.Results The recovery times of patients in water exchange and conventional groups were 8.08±0.58 min and 12.34±0.72 min,respectively (F =2 147.33,P＜ 0.05).Rates of reaching ileocecal valve were 100.00％(100/100,WE group) and 96.00％ (96/100,conventional group),respectively(x2 =4.17,P＜0.05).Adenoma detection rates of whole colon were 43.00％ (43/100,WE group) and 29.00％ (29/100,conventional group) (x2=4.25,P＜0.05),of which small adenomas (＜ 1.0 cm) accounted for 83.96％ (89/106,WE group) and 70.59％ (48/68,conventional group) (x2 =4.43,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Adenoma detection rates of proximal colon were 28.00％ (28/100,WE group) and 20.00％ (20/100,conventional group) (x2 =1.75,P＞ 0.05),of which small adenomas (＜ 1.0 cm) accounted for 90.41％ (66/73,WE group) and 74.47％ (35/47,conventional group) (x2 =5.45,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.Conclusion Water exchange colonoscopy can not only shorten the recovery time of patients,but also increase rates of reaching ileocecal valve and adenoma detection.

Pediatric caecal lymphoma involving ovary in a 12 year old girl – A bad prognostic sign: A rarity.

Primary caecal lymphoma or the colonic lymphoma is a rare tumor of the gastrointestinal (GIT) tract and comprises only 0.2-1.2% of all colonic malignancies, both in adults and pediatric age group. The most common variety of colonic or caecal lymphoma is a on-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) which arises from the lymphoid elements of the intestine. GIT is the most frequently involved site, accounting for 50-60% of all extra nodal lymphomas, and most of them are NHL. In adults, the stomach is the most common location of GIT lymphomas, followed by the small intestine, but the most common GI site of NHL in children is the terminal ileum and the ileo-caecal region. Diagnosis is difficult since lymphoma presents with vague abdominal pain with loss of weight and appetite. It may present as lump abdomen with complications such as intestinal obstruction, bleeding, perforation and peritonitis and intussusseption. Histologically it is B or T cell type with small or large cell variation, but frequently encountered is diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma (DLBCL). DLBCL has low incidence but favorable outcome in young adults, lesions localized to one area or organ and children below 5 years of age, but has an aggressive course in children between 10-15 years of age and also in adults above 55 years of age. DLBCL or GIT Lymphomas in general have male preponderance. We present a rare case of caecal lymphoma (DLBCL) involving appendix and right ovary in a 12 year old girl who presented with vague symptoms of abdominal pain and abdominal mass. Clinically and radiologically, provisional diagnosis of Ileo-caecal tuberculosis with possibility of adhesions leading to a mass lesion was considered. Histopaththological examination (HPE) revealed the diagnosis and prognosis of the case.

Resultados clínicos y funcionales de la cecoproctoplastia con rotación anti horaria - Experiencia preliminar / Clinical and functional results of the ceco proctoplasty with anti clockwise rotation - Preliminary experience

Introducción: la colectomía subtotal con anastomosis cecorrectal o cecoproctoplastia, es una alternativa a la colectomía total con anastomosis ileorrectal; permite conservar el íleon distal, válvula ileocecal y el ciego preservando las importantes funciones de absorción. El objetivo del trabajo es observar los resultados clínicos y funcionales post operatorios de la cecoproctoplastia. Materiales y Métodos: los pacientes seleccionados con promedio de 57 años de edad, fueron 3 (tres) casos de diverticulosis colónica complicada, 2 (dos) casos con hemorragia y 1 (uno) con diverticulitis, 1 (uno) caso de angiodisplasias múltiples y 1 (uno) caso de cáncer de colon sigmoides, adenocarcinoma bien diferenciado T2 N0 M0, todos fueron sometidos a colonoscopia y en cuatro de ellos se efectuó enema opaco y todos presentaban válvula ileocecal continente. La técnica, sigue la propuesta de Zinzidohoue. Resultados: no se registraron mortalidad ni complicaciones mayores. Los resultados funcionales en relación a la cantidad y característica de las deposiciones diarias al año del postoperatorio, todos los pacientes presentaron 2 a 3 deposiciones diarias. Discusión: en 1998, Zinzidohoue propuso una modificación a la técnica de Deloyers en la colectomía subtotal con conservación de la unión ileocecal, que preserva la continuidad anastomosando el ciego al muñón rectal. Esta técnica, representa actualmente una alternativa a la colectomía total con anastomosis ileorrectal considerado a menudo como insatisfactorio debido a la alta frecuencia de diarrea y alto índice obstrucción del intestino delgado. Conclusión: nuestra experiencia preliminar, nos permite afirmar que la cecoproctoplastia es una técnica aconsejable en seleccionados casos, representa una alternativa a la ileoproctoanastomosis por sus resultados clínicos y funcionales satisfactorio.

Background: subtotal colectomy with cecorrectal anastomosis or cecoproctoplasty is an alternative to total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. It allows keeping the distal ileon, the ileocaecal valve and the cecum, preserving important absorption functions. This work is aimed to evaluate the postoperative clinical and functional outcomes from cecoproctoplasty technique. Materials and methods: five patients with a mean age of 57 years old were selected. Three of them were suffering from complicated colonic diverticulitis, 2 with hemorrhage and 1 with diverticulitis; 1 case of multiple angiodysplasia and 1 with sigmoid colon cancer, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma T2N0M0. All of them undergone colonoscopy, in 4 of them were performed x ray with barium enema. All patients presented good continence of the ileocaecal valve. The technique is based on the proposal of Zinzidohoue. Results: there was no mortality and no postoperative complication. Functional outcomes regarding the number and characteristics of mean daily stool frequency over a year was 2-3. Discussion: by 1998, Zinzidohoue proposed a Deloyers’ technique modification in subtotal colectomy with ileocaecal junction conservation, which keeps the continuity, joining the cecum to the rectal stump. This technique represents an alternative to total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. It is often considered as unsatisfactory because of the high rate of diarrhea and small intestine obstruction. Conclusion: our preliminary experience allows us to state that cecoproctoplasty is a recommended technique in selected cases. It represents an alternative to ileorectal anastomosis because of its satisfactory clinical and functional results.

Terapêutica da ileíte na doença de Crohn / Therapeutics of ileitis in Crohn's disease

A doença de Crohn (DC) é uma afecção inflamatória, sistêmica e recidivante que afeta o trato gastrointestinal e frequentemente cursa com dor abdominal, diarreia com muco e/ou sangue, febre, perda de peso, presença de fístulas e manifestações extraintestinais. A seleção do regime terapêutico apropriado pode ser complexa, e depende do grau de atividade inflamatória, da localização, do comportamento da doença, do balanço entre a potência da droga e eventos adversos, da resposta prévia ao tratamento e da presença de manifestações extraintestinais ou complicações

Crohn's disease is a relapsing systemic inflammatory disease, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract, and frequently presents with abdominal pain, diarrhoea with passage of blood or mucus, fever, weight loss, fistulas and extraintestinal symptoms. Selecting the appropriate regimen for an individual patient, however, can be complex because it needs to take into account the activity, localization, and behavior of the disease, the balance between drug potency and adverse events, previous response to treatment, and the presence of extraintestinal manifestations or complications

Diagnosis of ileocecal valve syndrome by ultrasound / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To discuss the clinical value of transabdominal sonography after bowl preparation in diagnosis of ileocecal valve syndrome ( IVS) .Methods The ultrasonic features of IVS in 37 cases were summerized and correlated with the follow-up findings after conservative treatment or the pathologic results after operation .Twenty-eight cases were confirmed by follow-up and 9 cases by operative pathology.Results Among the 37 cases of IVS,28 were idiopathic IVS (75.7%,28/37) and 9 were secondary IVS (24.3%, 9/37%).For the secondary cases, the primary diseases included 5 acute appendicitis,2 Meckel diverticulum,1 terminal ileitis and 1 carcinoma of ascending colon .The diagnostic accuracy rate of ultrasound was 89.2%(33/37).Misdiagnosis rate was 10.8%(4/37),including 1 case of idiopathic and 3 cases of secondary IVS .The IVS ultrasonic images coulde be displayed clearly using 7.0-10.0 MHz probes.In fasting examination,three ultrasonic characteristic signss were found in interminal ileum region at the right lower abdomen .And these features were bagel-shaped sign [91.9%(34/37),average size (1.9 ±1.6) cm ×(0.8 ±0.3) cm],short sleevelet-shaped sign [91.9% (34/37,average size (2.1 ± 0.4)cm ×(1.3 ±0.2) cm],and rose-shaped sign [83.8% (31/37),average size (1.4 ±0.2) cm × (1.0 ±0.2) cm].The shapes of some signs were changeable when the probe compressed .In the case of idiopathic IVS ,several pathologic changes could be seen on sonography after intestinal tract filling of oral 20%mannitol,including slight thickened mucosa and submucosa of erminalileum ,enlarged ieocecal valve and the crocodile-mouth sign.Conclusions Transabdominal ultrasonic examination with high frequency probe after bowl preparation plays an important role in diagnosis of IVS .The method is simple and accurate and should be recommended and applied clinically .

Análise da diversidade da microbiota intestinal de ratos submetidos à ressecção da valva ileocecal e criação de esfíncter artificial / Analysis of the diversity of the intestinal microbiota of rats subjected to resection of the ileocecalvalve and creation of artificial sphincter

OBJETIVO: analisar através de biologia molecular a diversidade da microbiota da junção ileocecal antes e após a ressecção da válvula ileocecal e reconstrução do trânsito com e sem a criação de "neoesfíncter". MÉTODOS: Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo A (n=7) com ressecção da válvula ileocecal e anastomose ileocólica término-terminal em plano único, e Grupo B (n=7) com ressecção da válvula ileocecal e anastomose ileocólica término-terminal em plano único e confecção do esfíncter artificial. Reoperados com 20 dias coletou-se novamente conteúdo intraluminar do íleo e do cólon. Das amostras coletadas, extraiu-se DNA para reação de PCR-DGGE. Os padrões de bandas eletroforéticas , gerados na reação, foram submetidos ao programa Bionumerics para análise da similaridade e da diversidade da microbiota. RESULTADOS: a diversidade da microbiota foi maior e em mais amostras do íleo do que as do cólon. O grupo com a válvula apresentou os maiores valores e variações no cólon de 2,11 a 2,93. Em três animais de cada grupo estabeleceu-se comparação da similaridade e não se assemelharam ao controle. CONCLUSÃO: a ressecção da válvula ileocecal levou à mudanças da microbiota ileal e, com a criação de novo esfíncter, as variações foram maiores.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through molecular biology, the diversity of the intestinal microbiota before and after resection of the ileocecal junction and reconstruction of intestinal transit with and without the creation of a neosphincter. METHODS: Fourteen Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 7), submitted to resection of the ileocecal valve and end-to-end, single-layer ileocolic anastomosis; and Group B (n = 7) with resection of the ileocecal valve and end-to-end, single-layer ileocolic anastomosis followed by construction of an artificial sphincter. Intraluminal contents were collected from both groups. The animals were reoperated 20 days after the first procedure, with new collection of intraluminal contents of the ileum and colon. From the samples collected, DNA was extracted for PCR-DGGE. The electrophoretic banding patterns generated in the reaction were analyzed for similarities and diversities of the microbiota. RESULTS: The diversity of microorganisms was larger and in more samples when collected from the ileum than from the colon. The group with the neosphincter showed the highest variation in the colon, from 2.11 to 2.93. In three animals from each group was established comparing the similarity and not resembled the control. CONCLUSION: ileocecal resection led to changes in ileal microbiota and, with the creation of new sphincter, the changes were even greater.

Retalho ileocólico para reabilitação simultânea da fonação e deglutição após faringolaringectomia total. Relato de caso / Ileocolic free flap for simultaneous rehabiliation of phonation and swallowing after pharyngolaryngectomy. Case report

Introdução: Pacientes com tumores avançados da laringee hipofaringe que requerem laringectomia total perdem acapacidade de fonação, a qual costuma ser restabelecidapor um de três métodos: a voz esofágica, a laringe eletrônicaou a prótese traqueoesofágica. Outra possível forma derestabelecimento da fonação, porém pouco difundida, é atravésdo retalho livre ileocólico, descrito por Kawahara em 1992. Atéo momento essa técnica não foi descrita na literatura médicalatinoamericana. Objetivo: Apresentar o caso de um paciente emque foi empregada uma modalidade cirúrgica de reconstruçãodo trânsito faringoesofágico que permite a fonação e deglutiçãosimultâneas após faringolaringectomia total. Relato do Caso:Paciente do sexo masculino, 60 anos de idade, com tumoravançado de hipofaringe cT4N2cM0. Após faringolaringectomiatotal foi preparado retalho ileocólico compreendendo a porçãofinal do íleo, o ceco e porção do cólon ascendente pediculado naartéria ileocólica. O ceco foi anastomosado ao esôfago cervical,a porção distal do cólon ascendente anastomosada à orofaringe,e o íleo distal anastomosado na parede posterior da traqueia. Apartir do 45° dia de pós-operatório o paciente iniciou exercícios defonação com sucesso. Comentários finais: o retalho ileocólico émais uma alternativa para reconstrução nos pacientes submetidosà faringolaringectomia total, restabelecendo não somente adeglutição, mas também a fonação.

Primera enteroscopia de doble balón por vía oral total realizada en Cuba / First double-baloon oral enteroscopy carried out in Cuba

Se presenta un paciente atendido en el Departamento de Endoscopia Digestiva del Instituto de Gastroenterología, al que se le realizó enteroscopia de doble balón por vía oral. Se logró la exploración de totalidad del intestino delgado mediante la intubación de la válvula ileocecal por vía anterógrada, se exploraron los primeros centímetros del colon derecho. No se presentaron complicaciones y la enteroscopia se realizó en un tiempo total de 115 min. No se ha reportado hasta el momento en el país, la exploración total del intestino delgado mediante esta novedosa técnica...

This is the case of a patient came to Digestive Endoscopy Department of the Gastroenterology Institute, who undergoes an oral double-baloon enteroscopy and exploration of whole small bowel, intubation of ileocecal valve via anterograde and of the first centimeters of right colon. There were not complications and procedure was performed in 115 minutes. Until now there was not report in our country of the total exploration of small bowel using this novel technique...

Cecoscopia, domo de la base del apéndice como localizador de la válvula ileocecal / Cecoscopy, appendix dome for identifying ileocecal valve

Introduction: Ileoscopy during colonoscopy or retrograde enteroscopy, is increasingly required and is considered a quality criteria in colonoscopy. The appendix is found in most cases with his mesoappendix oriented medially in the direction of the ileocecal valve. Because of this, the location of the dome of the base of the appendix should indicate the direction of the ileocecal valve. Methods: Observational study. We included 100 consecutive colonoscopies, in which adequate visualization of cecal pole, appendiceal orifice and its dome, was achieved. We excluded patients with sub-optimal colon preparation and those who had previous appendectomy or right hemicolectomy. The procedures were performed between September 2009 and April 2010, by two experienced operators. Success in finding the ileocecal valve was considered if the direction of the dome of the appendix provided guidance to the location of it and the entrance to distal ileum. Results: We evaluated 100 procedures, in which the distal ileum was entered following the direction of the dome of the appendix in 98 patients (98 percent). In two patients (2 percent) the ileocecal valve was not in the direction provided by the dome of the appendix. In one of them the valve was exactly in the opposite direction of the dome, and in the other was at 90º of it. Conclusions: As described in our series, it seems recommendable to use the dome of the appendicular base for the location of the ileocecal valve and terminal ileum access.

Introducción: La ileoscopia durante la colonoscopia o la enteroscopia retrógrada, es cada vez más requerida y se considera criterio de calidad en colonoscopia. El apéndice se encuentra en la mayoría de los casos con su mesoapéndice orientado hacia medial en la dirección de la válvula ileocecal. Debido a esto, la localización del domo de la base apendicular, debería señalar la dirección de la válvula ileocecal. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional. Se incluyeron 100 colonoscopias consecutivas, en las cuales se logró una adecuada visualización del polo cecal, y del orificio apendicular y su domo. Se excluyeron los pacientes con preparación de colon sub-óptima, apendicectomizados y hemicolectomizados de colon derecho. Los procedimientos fueron realizados entre septiembre de 2009 y abril de 2010, por dos operadores experimentados. Se consideró éxito en encontrar la válvula ileocecal, si la dirección del domo del apéndice orientaba a la ubicación de ésta y la entrada al íleon distal. Resultados: Se evaluaron 100 procedimientos, en los cuales se ingresó al íleon distal siguiendo la dirección del domo del apéndice en 98 pacientes (98 por ciento). En dos pacientes (2 por ciento) la válvula ileocecal no se encontraba en la dirección que orientaba el domo del apéndice. En uno de ellos la válvula estaba exactamente en la dirección opuesta a la que mostraba el domo, y en el otro estaba a 90º de éste. Conclusiones: Según lo descrito en nuestra serie, parece recomendable utilizar el domo de la base apendicular para la localización de la válvula ileocecal y el acceso al íleon terminal.

Clinical Manifestations of Childhood Intussusception with Ubiquitous Ultrasonography: Comparison with Small Bowel and Ileocecal Type

We analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcome of ileocecal and small bowel intussusceptions (ICI and SBI) in the pediatric patients. From August 2003 to July 2010, 144 children with intussusception were included in this study. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and imaging study findings. A total of 86 children with ICI and 58 children with SBI were diagnosed. Children with SBI were older than ICI (36.6+/-24.6 months vs. 24.2+/-21.6 months, p=0.002). Typical symptoms such as irritability, abdominal mass, bloody stool were more frequent in ICI than SBI (p<0.05) patients. In the ICI group, intussusceptums were reduced with air reduction (84.5%), surgery (17.4%), and spontaneity (1.2%). All patients in the SBI group were reduced spontaneously. SBI occurred in older age and was reduced spontaneously more frequently than ICI. Conservative management with close observation with follow-up by ultrasonography is recommended for SBI.

Image features of ielocecus under colonoscopy in intussusceptions children after successful reduction / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the role of ileocecal valve in children patients with intussus-ceptions by colonoscopy after pneumatic air enema reduction. Methods A total of 106 intussusceptions chil dren patients, who recovered with pneumatic air edema reduction, were recruited to the study. They underwent colonoscopy within 12 hours after reduction. The control group was composed of 103 children patients with both diarrhea and hematochezia. There was no significant difference in age, sex or weight between the two groups.Colonoscopic findings were recorded in terms of slack, swelling, prolapsus, lymphoid hyperplasia and mucosal lesions in ileocecal valve. Results In patients with intussusceptions, the rates of ileocecal valve slack, swelling including prolapsus, lymphoid hyperplasia and mucosal lesions were 61.3%, 33. 9%, 100. 0% and 31.1%, respectively, which were significantly different with those of the control group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). When further divided intussusceptions patients into groups with age more than 1 yr or less, significant differences were also observed in regarding of these features. Conclusion There is a close relationship between morphological and functional changes in ileocecal valve and intussusceptions in children. Ileocolic intussusceptions in patients younger than 1yr is more likely to be due to slack of ileocecal valve, while that in patients older than 1yr is mainly due to swelling or prolapse of ileocecal valve, represented by ileocecal intussuception.

The discrimination of ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT detection of incidental ileocecal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose: As the most common tracer used for PET/CT to detect malignant tumors. ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) can reflect the metabolism of glucose. However, there exists physiologic uptake in the intestinal tract of healthy people. Because ileocecal foci is predilection site of malignant tumors and inflammatory disease, the purpose of this study was to investigate the discrimination of PET/CT detection of incidental ileocecal high FDG uptake. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 28 unexpected ileocecal focal uptake of ~(18)F-FDG localized by PET/CT, and then semi-quantitatively analyzed the extent of radioactive uptake in ileocecal foci. After PET/CT, the etiology of the findings was confirmed histologically by surgery, endoscopic or by long-term follow-up. All the data were assessed for statistical significance using one-way ANOVA. Results: In all the ileocecal foci, there were 14(50%) physiologic FDG uptake, 8 (28.6%) benign diseases and 6 (21.4%) malignant tumor. Maximal standardized uptake value was 5.2±1.6 in physiologic uptake, 6.8±4.1 in benign lesions and 12.8±5.5 in malignant lesions. There was statistically significant difference between malignant tumors and the other 2 groups. According to ROC analysis, when SUN_(max) was 6.75, the sensitivity and specificity of ileocecal malignant tumor were 100% and 86.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The significant value of discrimination between benign and malignant lesions of ileocecal focal FDG uptake by PET/CT was affirmative. It is very important to recognize physiologic uptake of ileocecal conjunction in the interpretation of image. Semi-quantitative analyze was not helpful to identify benign lesions from physiologic uptake.