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1.
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine ; (6): 149-153, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-923359

ABSTRACT

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of 45 year-old or older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Chengdu. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of 45 year-old or older patients with HIV/AIDS reported in Chengdu from 2018 to 2020. Results From 2018 to 2020, there were 219 newly reported cases aged 45 and above (35.67%) with HIV/AIDS in Chengdu, and the differences among them were statistically significant (χ2=6.45, P2=0.29, 0.22, 5.65, 1.92, 5.68, 1.12, 2.12, 0.39, P>0.05). 75.34% of the patients were infected through heterosexual transmission, and 50.68% were detected at treatment. The proportion of patients whose first CD4 cell test result was lower than 200/μL was relatively higher (43.84%). Nearly 81.28% of the patients received antiviral therapy, and the mortality reached 16.89%. From 2018 to 2020, the difference in transmission route, sample source, the first examination results of CD4 cells, antiviral treatment, or prognosis was not statistically significant (χ2=1.29, 3.59, 1.56, 0.01, 0.35, P>0.05). Fever (62.10%), fatigue (42.01%), and lymph node enlargement (28.77%) were main symptoms of the patients. 51.14% were detected in outpatient examinations, and most patients were accompanied by at least one opportunistic infection. Cytomegalovirus infection (56.16%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (36.53%) were main virus infection types. From 2018 to 2020, there was no significant difference in symptoms, visiting departments or combined infection (χ2=0.07-3.00, 3.00, 0.20-2.61, P>0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is relatively severe in 45 year-old or older people in Chengdu. The constituent ratio and the incidence rate show an upward trend. Therefore, individualized prevention and control strategies should be formulated for 45 year-old or older people to effectively suppress the transmission of HIV/AIDS in the middle-aged and the elderly.

2.
Arq. Asma, Alerg. Imunol ; 5(3): 274-278, jul.set.2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399390

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O mieloma múltiplo (MM) é uma neoplasia hematológica que cursa com hipogamaglobulinemia e consequente imunodeficiência secundária. Uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade desses pacientes são infecções. Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o impacto da reposição de imunoglobulina endovenosa (IgIV) na taxa de infecções em pacientes portadores de MM. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de análise documental, com variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, com objetivo de realizar análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes com MM que receberam tratamento com imunoglobulina humana endovenosa em um hospital privado na cidade de Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil, no período de 01/05/2016 a 31/12/2020. Foram coletados dados epidemiológicos, resultados de exames, episódios de infecções, eventos adversos da medicação e desfecho dos pacientes nos prontuários analisados. Resultados: Foram identificados 10 pacientes com diagnóstico de MM, todos receberam IgIV na dose de 300 a 400 mg/kg/mês. Nenhuma reação adversa relacionada ao uso da IgIV foi registrada nos prontuários. Foram identificados seis quadros infecciosos que ocorreram em quatro pacientes. Nenhum diagnóstico de sepse foi registrado. A densidade de incidência de infecções foi de 0,28 episódios/pacientes-ano. Conclusão: A densidade de incidência de infecções observada no presente estudo foi significativamente menor em comparação ao que se tem registro na literatura, sugerindo importante papel da IgIV na prevenção de infecções em pacientes com MM.


Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy that leads to hypogammaglobulinemia and consequent secondary immunodeficiency. Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) replacement on the rate of infections in patients with MM. Methods: This document analysis study used qualitative and quantitative variables to perform a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with MM who were treated with human IVIg in a private hospital in the city of Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil, from May 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Epidemiological data, test results, episodes of infections, adverse medication events, and patient outcomes were collected from the medical records. Results: Ten patients diagnosed with MM were identified, and they all received IVIg at a dose of 300 to 400 mg/kg/month. No adverse reactions related to the use of IVIg were recorded. Six infections that occurred in 4 patients were identified. No diagnosis of sepsis was recorded. The incidence density of infections was 0.28 episodes/patient-years. Conclusion: The incidence density of infections was significantly smaller in this study in comparison with previous literature findings, which suggests a significant role of IVIg in the prevention of infections in patients with MM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Multiple Myeloma , Patients , Therapeutics , Medical Records , Sepsis , Hematologic Neoplasms , Agammaglobulinemia , Diagnosis
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(supl.1): S49-S58, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002472

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to review the literature on the repercussions of the different inborn errors of immunity on growth, drawing attention to the diagnosis of this group of diseases in patients with growth disorders, as well as to enable the identification of the different causes of growth disorders in patients with inborn errors of immunity, which can help in their treatment. Data sources: Non-systematic review of the literature, searching articles since 2000 in PubMed with the terms "growth", "growth disorders", "failure to thrive", or "short stature" AND "immunologic deficiency syndromes", "immune deficiency disease", or "immune deficiency" NOT HIV. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIN) database was searched for immunodeficiencies and short stature or failure to thrive. Data summary: Inborn errors of immunity can affect growth in different ways, and some of them can change growth through multiple simultaneous mechanisms: genetic syndromes; disorders of the osteoarticular system; disorders of the endocrine system; reduction in caloric intake; catabolic processes; loss of nutrients; and inflammatory and/or infectious conditions. Conclusions: The type of inborn errors of immunity allows anticipating what type of growth disorder can be expected. The type of growth disorder can help in the diagnosis of clinical conditions related to inborn errors of immunity. In many inborn errors of immunity, the causes of poor growth are mixed, involving more than one factor. In many cases, impaired growth can be adjusted with proper inborn errors of immunity treatment or proper approach to the mechanism of growth impairment.


Resumo Objetivos: Revisão da literatura sobre as repercussões dos diferentes erros inatos da imunidade sobre o crescimento, chamar a atenção para o diagnóstico desse grupo de doenças em pacientes que apresentem desordens do crescimento, assim como permitir que se identifiquem as diferentes causas de alterações do crescimento em pacientes com erros inatos da imunidade, o que pode auxiliar em seu manejo. Fonte dos dados: Revisão não sistemática da literatura, com busca de artigos desde 2000 no Pubmed com os termos "growth" ou "growth disorders" ou "failure to thrive" ou "short stature" AND "immunologic deficiency syndromes" ou "immune deficiency disease" ou "imune deficiency" NOT HIV. E buscas na base OMIN (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) por imunodeficiências e baixa estatura ou falha no crescimento ("failure to thrive"). Síntese dos dados: Há diferentes modos pelos quais os erros inatos da imunidade podem afetar o crescimento e alguns deles podem alterar o crescimento por múltiplos mecanismos simultâneos: síndromes genéticas; afecções do aparelho osteoarticular; afecções do sistema endócrino; redução de aporte calórico; processos catabólicos: perda de nutrientes, assim como afecções inflamatórias e/ou infecciosas. Conclusões: O tipo de erros inatos da imunidade permite prever que tipo de alteração no crescimento devemos esperar. O tipo de alteração no crescimento pode auxiliar no diagnóstico de condições clínicas associadas aos erros inatos da imunidade. Em muitos erros inatos da imunidade, as causas do crescimento deficiente são mistas, envolvem mais de um fator. Em muitos casos, o prejuízo do crescimento pode ser corrigido com o adequado tratamento dos erros inatos da imunidade ou adequada abordagem do mecanismo que causa o prejuízo do crescimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Growth Disorders/etiology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/classification , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/classification
4.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 6(2): 627-636, abr.-jun. 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-712334

ABSTRACT

Objective: To understand the perceptions of living with HIV / AIDS face impossibility of breastfeeding. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory qualitative study conducted in a Day Hospital, reference the state of Santa Catarina in 2012. The sampling technique used was the semi-structured interview as open Minayo1. Results: The study subjects showed predominant age group was between 27-38 years. The experience of not breastfeeding was for women experience painful and emotionally draining, and created a way to satisfy the idealized symbolic breastfeeding by them during the act of breastfeeding, replacing the physiological significance of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Thus, the nurse needs beyond compliance with protocols regarding the inhibition of lactation, understand and encourage breastfeeding symbolic, created by women, in addition to the biological, the emotional, social and cultural conditions that surround the woman.


Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções das portadoras de HIV/AIDS perante impossibilidade de amamentação. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo descritivo e exploratório realizado em um Hospital Dia, de referência no estado de Santa Catarina, em 2012. A técnica de coleta utilizada foi à entrevista semi-estruturada aberta conforme Minayo1. Resultados: Os sujeitos de pesquisa apresentaram faixa etária predominante foi entre 27 a 38 anos. A experiência de não amamentar, foi para as mulheres uma experiência penosa e emocionalmente desgastante, e criaram um modo de satisfazer a amamentação simbólica idealiza da por elas durante o ato de amamentar, substituindo o significado da amamentação fisiológica. Conclusão: Deste modo, a enfermagem precisa além do cumprimento de protocolos a respeito da inibição da lactação, compreender e estimular a amamentação simbólica, criada pelas mulheres, além dos aspectos biológicos, os emocionais, sociais e culturais que circundam a mulher.


Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los que viven con el VIH/SIDA imposibilidad frente a la lactancia materna. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio realizado en un Hospital de Día, referencia al estado de Santa Catarina en 2012. La técnica de muestreo utilizada fue la entrevista semi-estructurada como abierto Minayo1. Resultados: Los sujetos del estudio mostraron grupo de edad predominante fue entre 27 a 38 años. La experiencia de la lactancia materna no fuera por las mujeres experimentan dolor y emocionalmente agotador, y creó una forma de satisfacer la lactancia simbólica idealizada por ellos, en sustitución de la importancia fisiológica de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: La enfermera necesita más allá de cumplimiento de los protocolos con respecto a la inhibición de la lactancia, entender y fomentar la lactancia materna simbólica, creado por las mujeres, además de los, las condiciones emocionales, sociales y culturales biológicos que rodean la mujer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Breast Feeding , HIV Seropositivity , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/nursing , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Brazil
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