ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the significance of the main effect factors of Th17/Treg for children's gastritis with Hp infection.Methods By prospective study method,40 cases of helicobacter pylori infection related gastritis children were collected as observation group from January 2015 to June 2016,40 cases of children with Hp negative were selected in the same period by physical examination as healthy controls.The main effect factors of Th17/Treg of the two groups were compared.Before and after the treatment,the main effect factors of Th17/Treg of observation group were compared.The main effect factors of Th17/Treg had a correlation analysis.Results The serum IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-beta levels of two groups were compared,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Before and after 10 days treatment,serum IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-beta levels of the observation group were compared,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Before the treatment,the serum IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-beta levels of observation group had a correlation analysis,and IL-17 and IL-10 were negatively correlated (r =0.778).IL-17 and TGF-beta were also negatively correlated(r =0.767).Conclusion In development process of Hp infection related gastritis for children,the related factors of Th17 and Treg cells involved in the immune pathological process.Immune prevention for children's gastritis with Hp infection provides new train of thought.
ABSTRACT
Background: The National Health Service (NHS) in the UK has been beset by unprecedented growth in emergency admissions to hospital which are specifically medical in nature, while surgical and trauma admissions are only showing the level of low growth expected from demographic change, or what is called the ageing population. There has never been an adequate explanation for this dichotomy. An Infectious Basis: The proposed infectious basis rests upon the observation that growth in medical admissions occurs in spurts which occur approximately five years apart, albeit three years between spurts have also been observed during the 1990’s. It is these spurts which are driving the long-term growth, rather than the relatively minor growth which occurs in the interval between the spurts. These periods of high growth are characterized by spikes in all-cause mortality, and typically result in a 15% increases in admissions to the medical group of specialties. However much higher growth is seen for particular conditions/diagnoses which appear to have a common immune function basis via infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. These outbreaks can be seen across Europe, and the last three outbreaks commenced around Mar-02, Mar-05 and Mar-10 with subsequent spread over the next two years. The middle of these three outbreaks had the lowest increase in deaths and medical admissions. Implications: There is now an overwhelming body of evidence pointing to a recurring series of infectious-like events. In the UK, the 2012/2013 outbreak led to 45,000 extra deaths while across the 27 EU countries, each outbreak appears to result in somewhere in excess of 467,000 deaths. In Europe, the outbreaks tend to occur earlier in Denmark, Romania, Bulgaria and Slovakia, while they tend to occur later in the UK, Belgium, Greece and Slovenia. Emphasis now needs to switch toward clinical studies which screen the population for changes in the levels of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against a range of potential candidate organisms, and post mortem examination of the tissues of persons who die from a particular range of conditions such as neurological disorders including dementia and Alzheimer’s; respiratory and gastrointestinal tract diseases, and cardio/vascular conditions. Conclusion: This new disease has the potential to be a highly disruptive discovery involving changes in fundamental health care policy, and our understanding of the role of immune function in the exacerbation of a range of common medical conditions.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To study the effect of a large infectious-like event on admissions to, and bed occupancy in, a very large acute hospital in Reading (western Berkshire) England, observed to commence in the early part of 2012. These changes occurred in parallel with infectious-like spread of an agent leading to increased medical admissions across the whole of Berkshire. Study Design: Longitudinal study of hospital admissions, bed occupancy and deaths. Place and Duration of Study: Admissions and deaths at the Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (England) between April 2008 and September 2013. Methodology: A running 12 month total of admissions, deaths and occupied beds was constructed from aggregated hospital admission and discharge data. Trends were analysed by admission type, discharge destination, specialty, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) primary diagnosis and Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) v4 chapter. Results: Admissions, deaths and occupied beds all showed a simultaneous step-like increase around March to June of 2012, which led to considerable operational pressure and a marked reduction in elective overnight surgery due to reduced bed availability. The increase in in-hospital deaths exhibited a curious time cascade which was specific for various diagnoses. Deaths first increased for those with cancers or intestinal conditions in January 2012, followed by hepatic, diabetic and asthma in February 2012, then a time series of other conditions, through to arthritis and arthrosis conditions in July 2012. All of these occurred at a time when deaths across the whole of the UK showed a large and unexpected increase. Conclusion: A new type of infectious event is strongly implicated which appears to exert its clinical effects via some form of immune impairment. The agent leads to a persistent infection. The immune modifying virus, cytomegalovirus, which (in other studies) is associated with a 20% higher odds ratio for all-cause mortality, has been circumstantially implicated, however, this requires confirmation.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To determine if the ubiquitous herpes virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), could be involved in a large and unexplained increase in all-cause mortality in England and Wales in 2012, and more specifically if this involvement was via a respiratory etiology. Study Design: Analysis of respiratory system cause of death in England and Wales and of respiratory system emergency hospital admissions in England. Place and Duration of Study: Cause of death statistics with primary respiratory system involvement in England and Wales in 2011 and 2012. Trends in emergency hospital admissions in England where there is a respiratory system primary diagnosis over the period 2000/01 to 2012/13. Methodology: Respiratory diagnoses which show a statistically significant increase as cause of death in 2012 were identified, as were diagnoses showing a statistically significant increase as the primary cause of an emergency hospital admission in 2012/13. These diagnoses were then compared with medical case studies for hospitalization and death due to CMV. Results: Deaths in England and Wales showed a sudden and unexplained increase in early 2012 which continued for 18 months before abating. The increase was equivalent to a large influenza epidemic, although higher levels attributable to influenza were absent. The increase was age and gender specific, and highest among those with neurodegenerative diseases (+15%); however, due to the way in which the primarycause of death is coded the role of respiratory diseases as the trigger for decease can be obscured. The next highest increase was for respiratory conditions, the most notable for bronchiectasis (+19%), asthma (female +14%), lung diseases due to external agents (+12%), interstitial pulmonary diseases (female +12%), chronic pulmonary disease (+7%) and a range of other conditions with >4% increases. After adjusting for the way in which deaths in the dementia group are coded the increase due to pneumonia rises to +8% for males and +15% for females. For the whole of the respiratory group augmented with the dementia group the increase in deaths was specific to those aged over 65 (average for 65+ of male +8.3%, female + 8.7%) with a peak at 90-94 (male + 15%, female + 17%). A corresponding large increase in respiratory admissions accompanies the increase in deaths. Given that the increase in admissions and deaths moved across England and Wales in a time-based spread, indicative of an infectious agent, with spurts of rapid local spread compatible with respiratory transmission, the increase in respiratory deaths were examined to see if the nature of any putative infectious agent could be discerned. There was a striking match with the known clinical effects of CMV. Conclusion: In an aged population lifelong exposure to the immune erosive effects of CMV presents the potential for the emergence of diseases reliant on immune impairment for their modus operandi. The lung is a primary reservoir for permanent CMV infection in humans and conditions/diagnoses showing a large increase in both death and hospital admissions in 2012 are all potentially CMV-mediated. In view of the very large increase in death for particular respiratory diagnoses further research is urgently required.