ABSTRACT
Immune escape is one of the ten hallmarks of tumors， which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Immune escape refers to a process where tumor cells remodel and edit the immune system through the model of immune clearance， immune balance， and immune escape to "transform" the immune cells into immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment， so as to support immune escape. The five-stage evolution is the summary of tumor pathogenesis by professor LI Jie. He believes that the gradual development of tumors follows the core pathogenesis of "deficiency-cold-toxin-obstruction-collapse"， in which "depression" runs through the whole process， and cancer toxin is the key. Based on immune editing， this paper combined phenotypic characteristics of tumor cells with the core pathogenesis of the five-stage evolution of professor LI to reveal the biological basis of malignant tumor five-stage evolution. The results indicate that the prominent change from deficiency to cold is the reduction of immune surveillance and the prominent change from toxin to obstruction is immune escape. The final stage of collapse is the outcome of immune failure. Depression is the booster of tumor immune editing. Therefore， the method of reinforcing the healthy Qi and removing toxins was proposed to regulate the immune editing and cut off the five-stage evolution of tumors. Supplementing Qi and warming Yang can reinforce the healthy Qi and restore immune surveillance. Removing toxins and dredging can reverse toxins and immune escape. The harmonizing method can maintain the dynamic balance of immune cells/immunosuppressive cells. Resolving depression can truncate tumor immune editing. Those methods can provide a certain reference for the treatment based on microscopic syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In future studies， it is necessary to further explore the specific mechanism of the regulation of immune editing with the methods of supplementing Qi and warming Yang， removing toxins and dredging， their combination， and resolving depression， so as to find out specific Chinese medicines and targets and provide more sufficient evidence for the regulation of tumor immune editing by TCM.
ABSTRACT
Tumor metastasis is an important cause of tumor treatment failure. Its molecular mechanism is closely related to tumor cells remodeling immune cells and immunosuppressive microenvironment, so as to create a suitable soil for tumor cell invasion and growth. "Huoxue Huayu" is one of the important therapeutic principles in cancer treatment, but the influence of Huoxue drugs on tumor metastasis has been controversial in clinical application. In this paper, we systematically summarized the comparative study of Huoxue drugs and Yiqi Huoxue drugs in tumor metastasis in recent years, and discussed the differences of molecular mechanisms of Huoxue drugs and Yiqi Huoxue drugs in anti-tumor metastasis from the perspective of immune remodeling, so as to provide scientific basis for clinical rational application of Huoxue drugs and Yiqi Huoxue drugs.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate effects of rBMMSC on hematopoiesis and immune reconstitution after allo-hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: Allogeneic BMT model from Fischer344 rats (RT-1Al) to Wistar rats (RT-1Au) was established. The effects of MSCs on hematopoietic reconstitution and immune reconstitution were studied by observing the survival rate, peripheral blood counts, thymus counts, spleen counts, bone marrow counts and immune function analysis at 30 days after transplantation. RESULTS: 1. Cotransplantation of MSCs and bone marrow (BM) was demonstrated to improve hematopoietic reconstitution. Lymphocyte and platelet counts in peripheral blood in cotransplantation groups were higher than those in control groups. More bone marrow neucleated cells were also observed in cotransplantation groups. 2. Cotransplantation of MSCs and BM improved immune reconstitution. First, overall thymic cellularity and spleen cellularity significantly increased in cotransplantation groups at day 30. Secondly, cotransplantation improved immune functional recovery. Non-specific lymphocytes proliferation reaction induced by ConA and LPS increased in cotransplantation group, and so did for allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reaction. CONCLUSION: Hematopoietic reconstitution and immune reconstitution were significantly enhanced by MSCs cotransplanted with BM.