Study on immunomodulatory effect of Guipi pills on D-galactose-induced aging mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the immunomodulatory effect of Guipi pills on D-galactose（D-gal）-induced aging mice. METHODS The immune-related targets and related pathways for Guipi pills to exert immune effects were screened by network pharmacology and verified through pharmacodynamic experiments. Totally 105 male ICR mice were randomly divided into blank control （CON） group， model control （MOD） group， positive control （POS） group， Guipi pills low-dose （GD） group and Guipi pills high-dose （GG） group. Except for the CON group， other groups were subcutaneously injected with 400 mg/kg D-gal to induce the aging model； CON group and MOD group were given distilled water， POS group was given 300 mg/kg pidotimod oral solution intragastrically， GD group and GG group were given Guipi pills 300， 600 mg/kg intragastrically， once a day， for 8 weeks. After medication， the serum and spleen were collected， and the contents of interleukin 2 （IL-2）， IL-4， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， and the contents of immunoglobulin G （IgG）， IgM and IgA were detected. The spleen index was calculated and the histopathological changes in the spleen were observed. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH- Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA）， and the content of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） in spleen were detected； the expression of TNF/phosphoinositide-3-kinase-threonine protein kinase （PI3k-Akt）-related proteins in spleen was detected except for POS group. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that TNF， IL-6 and Akt1 were core targets. The results of pharmacodynamic study showed that compared with MOD group， the contents of IL-2， IL-4， IgG， IgM and IgA were increased significantly in Guipi pills groups， while the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased significantly； the spleen index was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The phenomenon of diffuse proliferation of lymphocytes was improved， the spleen cells were closely arranged， and the line between the white pulp and red pulp was clear. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in spleen were increased significantly， while the activity of MDA， the content of 8-OHdG， and the protein expressions of TNF-α， PI3K and p-Akt were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Guipi pills can regulate the immune function of D-gal-induced aging mice， which is related to regulating the TNF/PI3k-Akt pathway， thereby reducing oxidative stress damage in spleen tissue of mice， and regulating protein expressions of TNF-α， PI3K and p-Akt.

Immune dysfunction and immuno-modulatory therapy on sepsis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The relationship between immuno-suppression and poor prognosis of sepsis causes widely concern.Immuno-modulatory therapy is one of the research hotspots in critical medical care.Some studies have shown that to enhance the function of lymphocyte might improve the prognosis of septic patients.This paper will review the immune dysfunction and explore the value of immuno-modulatory therapy in process of sepsis.

Characteristics and immuno-modulatory effects of Enterococcus faecium JS1-8 isolated from Kimchi / 동물의과학연구지

Characteristics and immuno-modulatory effects of Enterococcus (E.) faecium JS1-8 isolated from Kimchi were investigated for potential probiotic use. We measured their acid, bile, and heat tolerances, adhesion properties in Caco-2 cells, antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, and bacteriocin-like substance-producing activity. Immuno-modulatory effects of E. faecium JS1-8 were measured by determination of nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in RAW 264.7 cells or RAW BLUE cells. JS1-8 survived at pH 2.0 for 2 hr and showed tolerance to 0.3% oxgall bile salt, and it survived after exposure for 5 min at 80degreesC. JS1-8 showed high antimicrobial inhibition zones to Staphylococcus aureus (460 mm), Listeria monocytogenes (310 mm), Salmonella enteritidis (280 mm), and E. coli (150 mm). Bacteriocin-like substance produced by JS1-8 showed a broad spectrum of activity against Listeria monocytogenes KCCM 40307 and Lactobacillus sake KCCM 40264. Low concentration (1 x 107 CFU/mL) of heat-killed E. faecium JS1-8 induced statistically higher production of NO than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), which is a well-known immuno-modulatory lactic acid bacteria. Low and high (5 x 107 CFU/mL) concentrations of JS1-8 induced statistically higher production of NF-kappaB than that produced by LGG. We also found that JS1-8 increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in a concentration-dependent manner. As a result, E. faecium JSI-8 could be used as a useful probiotic for controlling pathogens and enhancing host immune responses.

Characteristics and immuno-modulatory effects of Weissella cibaria JW15 isolated from Kimchi, Korea traditional fermented food, for probiotic use / 동물의과학연구지

In this study, characteristics and immuno-modulatory effects of Weissella cibaria JW15 isolated from Kimchi, traditional Korean fermented food, were examined for investigation of the capacity of potentially probiotic strains. We measured acid, bile, and heat tolerance, adhesive properties to intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibitory activity against pathogens. JW15 could survive at pH 3.0 for 2 hr, but not at pH 2.0. JW15 also showed tolerance to 0.3% oxgall bile salt, and heat tolerance at 70degrees C and 80degrees C for 5 min, respectively. Adhesive ability to Caco-2 cells was similar to that of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a well-known commercial probiotic. JW15 exhibited antimicrobial activities to pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The immuno-modulatory effects of JW15 were compared with those of LGG, a well-known immune enhancer. For analysis, production of nitric oxide (NO), NF-kappaB (Nuclear factor kappaB), Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured. The concentration of NO induced by JW15 was higher than that by LGG at low concentration (1 x 10(7) cfu/mL). Low and high (5 x 10(7) CFU/mL) concentration of JW15 induced statistically higher production of NF-kappaB, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha than that produced by LGG, respectively. In conclusion, Weissella cibaria JW15 had ability as a probiotic strain, including acid, bile, and heat tolerance, adhesive properties to intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibitory activity against pathogens. In addition, JW15 showed better immuno-modulatory effects than LGG when NO, NF-kappaB, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were measured. According to these results, the characteristics and immunomodulating activity of Weissella cibaria JW15 are suitable for consideration as a potential probiotic.

RESPUESTA CELULAR PRODUCIDA POR UNA INFUSIÓN DE Bursera sp / CELLULAR RESPONSE PRODUCED BY A Bursera sp INFUSION

Introducción: determinar los niveles de eosinófilos, linfocitos y neutrófilos producidos con una infusión de la planta medicinal Bursera sp. Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron cinco individuos sanos. Se determinaron porcentajes de células blancas iniciales por hemoleucograma. Luego se les suministró una toma diaria de 5 g de la corteza del árbol Bursera sp, previo consentimiento informado. Posteriormente, se les realizó hemoleucograma a los 17 días (primer muestreo) y a los 31 días (segundo muestreo). Resultados: en la mayoría de los casos se cumple que al umentar los eosinófilos y los neutrófilos, los linfocitos permanecen bajos. Discusión: estos resultados pueden indicar un efecto inmunomodulador de la infusión de la planta Bursera sp, especialmente sobre los linfocitos, mostrando a esta planta como una alternativa terapéutica para la inmunología de los trasplantes y en enfermedades autoinmunitarias, ya que se apreció una disminución de linfocitos cuando los neutrófilos y eosinófilos aumentaron; debido a la muestra pequeña así como a la adherencia incompleta de algunos de los individuos del estudio, es pertinente realizar estudios con una mayor muestra y con análisis adicionales, como inmunoglobulinas séricas y citometría de flujo, para determinar si la disminución de los linfocitos afectó a los Linfocitos T, B o ambos.

Introduction: to determine the levels of eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils produced with the Bursera sp. medicinal plant infusion Materials and methods: five healthy individuals were selected. Initially, white cells percentages were determined by cell blood count. Then, previous informed consent, hey were given a daily intake of 5 g of Bursera sp tree bark. Subsequently, cell blood count was performed after 17 days (first sampling) and after 31 days (second sampling). Results: in most cases the increase in eosinophils and neutrophils, lymphocytes remained low. Discussion: these results may indicate an immunomodulatory effect of Bursera sp infusion especially on lymphocytes, showing this plant as a therapeutic alternative for transplant immunology and in autoimmune diseases since a decrease in lymphocytes was noticed when neutrophils and eosinophils increased. Due to the small sample and incomplete adherence to some of the individuals in the study, it is relevant to carry out studies with a larger sample and additional analysis such as serum immunoglobulins and flow cytometry to determine whether the decrease of lymphocytes affected the T lymphocytes, the B ones or both.