ABSTRACT
El Síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) se define como la obstrucción brusca de una arteria que puede dar lugar a una isquemia miocárdica aguda que se acompaña de un síndrome clínico característico que puede ir desde una isquemia con elevación o sin elevación en el segmento ST, angina estable o inestable y muerte súbita. Dado que el SCA es considerado un problema mundial por su alta incidencia y una de las principales causas de muerte es que resulta indispensable la creación y aplicación de un protocolo de recepción del paciente con SCA donde el enfermero que recepciona al paciente con dolor torácico en un servicio de urgencia pueda realizar la valoración de forma oportuna y rápida teniendo en cuenta una secuencia de intervenciones y cuidados que se encuentren plasmados en una planilla el cual garantice la implementación de las medidas terapéuticas a tiempo, aumentando la eficacia de las mismas, reduciendo la morbimortalidad y disminuyendo los costos hospitalarios. El objetivo del protocolo es estandarizar las intervenciones y cuidados de enfermería en la atención inicial del paciente con SCA[AU]
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is defined as a sudden obstruction of an artery that can lead to acute myocardial ischemia that is accompanied by a characteristic clinical syndrome that can range from elevation or without elevation ischemia in the ST segment, angina stable or unstable and sudden death. Ince ACS is considered a worldwide problem due to its high incidence and one of the main causes of death, it is essential to create and apply a protocol for receiving the patient with ACS, where the nurse who receives the patient with chest pain in a The emergency service can carry out the assessment in a timely and fast way, taking into account a sequence of interventions and care that are reflected in a schedule that guarantees the implementation of therapeutic measures in time, increasing their effectiveness, reducing morbidity and mortality. and lowering hospital costs. The objective of the protocol is to standardize nursing interventions and care in the initial care of the patient with ACS[AU]
A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) é definida como uma obstruçaÌo repentina de uma artéria que pode levar a isquemia miocárdica aguda, acompanhada por uma síndrome clínica característica que pode variar de elevação ou sem isquemia de elevação no segmento ST, angina morte estável ou instável e repentina.Como a SCA é considerada um problema mundial devido à sua alta incidência e uma das principais causas de morte, é essencial criar e aplicar um protocolo para receber o paciente com SCA, onde a enfermeira que recebe o paciente com dor no peito O serviço de emergência pode realizar a avaliação de maneira oportuna e rápida, levando em consideração uma sequência de intervenções e cuidados que se refletem em um cronograma que garante a implementaçaÌo de medidas terapêuticas no tempo, aumentando sua efetividade, reduzindo a morbimortalidade. e redução de custos hospitalares. O objetivo do protocolo é padronizar intervenções e cuidados de enfermagem nos cuidados iniciais do paciente com SCA[AU]
Subject(s)
Humans , Chest Pain , Myocardial Ischemia , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Myocardial Infarction , Nursing Care , EmergenciesABSTRACT
En Cuba las enfermedades del corazón constituyen la principal causa de muerte desde hace más de cuatro décadas. En la actualidad fallecen cada año más de 20 000 personas, fundamentalmente por la alta letalidad debido al infarto agudo del miocardio. Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica observacional multicéntrica de tipo descriptivo transversal en la provincia Matanzas, con la finalidad de caracterizar el infarto agudo del miocardio y la atención médica de urgencia en los servicios de salud de policlínicos y hospitales, en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación. El estudio abarcó todos los egresos en hospitales desde 1 de junio al 31 de agosto de 2010. Se aplicó por los epidemiólogos de hospitales una encuesta a pacientes y familiares. Se utilizó el Programa Epi-Info. Los resultados fueron predominio del sexo masculino, mayores de 60 años; principales factores de riesgo asociados: la hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo y sobrepeso. La mayor proporción de pacientes llegaron antes de las 6 horas, fue mayor el por ciento de dolor típico, el Killip Kimbal I y la elevación del segmeto ST. El uso del tratamiento trombolítico es bajo, especialmente en la atención primaria de salud, y es elevada la no indicación médica en hospitales. Es baja la indicación de betabloqueadores y los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina; hay déficit de enzimas séricas cardiacas y de equipos para prueba ergométrica y ecocardiograma con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo. La letalidad fue adecuada y mejor en los pacientes trombolizados que en los no trombolizados. Los consejos médicos y la indicación de rehabilitación al alta fueron bajos.
In Cuba, the heart diseases have been the main cause of death for more than forty years. Currently, more than 20 000 people die every year, mainly for the high lethality of the acute myocardial infarct. We carried out a multicenter, epidemiologic, observational, cross-sectional descriptive research in the province of Matanzas, with the objective of characterizing the acute myocardial infarct and the medical emergency care in the health services of policlinics and hospitals, in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. The research included all the cases discharged from hospitals from June 1st to August 31st 2010. An inquire was applied to the patients and their relatives by the hospital epidemiologist. The Epi-Info program was used. The results were a predomination of the male sex, of people aged more than 60 years old; and the main associated risk factors were arterial hypertension, smoking and overweight. Most of the patients arrived before 6 hours had passed; the percentage of typical pain, the Killip Kimbal I and the elevation of ST segment were higher. The usage of the thrombolytic treatment is low, especially in the primary health care, and it is high the no-medical indication in the hospitals. The indication of the beta blockers and the inhibitors of the angiotensin-conversion enzymes are low; there is a deficit of cardiac serum enzymes and equipment for exercise tests and echocardiograms. The lethality was adequate, better in the thrombolyzed patients than in those who were non thrombolyzed. The medical advices and the indication of rehabilitation were poor.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the rate of utilization and reasons for exclusion from thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the setting of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Salvador-BA. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study recording patients admitted with suspected AMI in six ICU in Salvador-BA between January/93 and December/94 were reviewed. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-eight of confirmed cases of AMI were analysed, 165 (42.0) were admitted at public hospitals and 225 (58.0) at private hospitals. Thrombolytic therapy was indicated in 143 (36.8) patients. The thrombolysis was more frequently performed in men (PR = 1.96 IC 95 1.39-2.77), in patients less than 60 years of age (PR = 4.46 CI 95 2.17-9.19) and in those with Killip class I (PR = 2.62 CI 95 1.60-4.31). The major reasons for excluding from thrombolytic therapy were late arrival, old age and lack of ST elevation. Thirty three percent of patients were excluded for more than one reasons. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender was associated with a reduced indication for thrombolytic therapy, independent of the clinical findings on admission. CONCLUSION: The frequency of the use and reasons for excluding patients from thrombolytic therapy in AMI in Salvador-BA were similar to those of other clinical studies. The recent recommendations of the Thrombolysis Brazilian Consensus will enhance the utilization of this therapy, as it expands its utilization to elderly patients and to those who arrive late to the hospital.