Endocarditis infecciosa por Neisseria gonorroheae / Infectious endocarditis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Resumen Se presenta un caso de endocarditis infecciosa por Neisseria gonorrhoeae, en un paciente masculino de 38 años, sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular ni otros antecedentes previos. La sospecha diagnóstica comienza por síndrome febril prolongado, astenia y pérdida de peso, confirmada con rescate de gonococo en los hemocultivos. Cumplió tratamiento antibiótico con ceftriaxona por 29 días. Evoluciona con insu ficiencia aórtica grave por lo cual se realiza cirugía de reemplazo valvular por prótesis mecánica bidisco exitosa, con una evolución favorable.

Abstract We report a case of infectious endocarditis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a 38-year-old male patient with no cardiovascular risk factors or past medical history who presented with prolonged febrile illness, asthenia and weight loss. The blood cultures were positive for gonococcus. He received antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone for 29 days. The patient developed severe aortic regurgitation and underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a bileaflet mechanical prosthesis, with favorable outcome.

Endocarditis infecciosa en canino con diagnóstico previo de síndrome vestibular periférico secundario a probable otitis media-interna: reporte de caso / Infectious Endocarditis in Dogs with a Previous Diagnosis of Peripheral Vestibular Syndrome Secondary to Probable Otitis Media-Interna: A Case Report

Resumen La endocarditis infecciosa es un proceso patológico de baja incidencia en la clínica diaria; su principal etiología son los agentes bacterianos, los cuales colonizan con mayor prevalencia de válvula mitral y aortica. En este artículo se presenta el estudio de un perro con diagnóstico previo de síndrome vestibular periférico secundario a probable otitis media-interna. Se presenta con un soplo de aparición súbita, claudicaciones intermitentes, inapetencia, depresión y fiebre, por lo cual se hace la valoración ecocardiográfica, donde se evidencia engrosamiento valvular mitral, acompañado de estructuras hiperecoicas en el borde libre que corresponden a lesiones vegetativas. Por medio de los criterios de Duke modificados se obtiene un diagnóstico definitivo de endocarditis infecciosa, para lo cual se realiza manejo médico intrahospitalario, sin evolución favorable. Los hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura. Los criterios de Duke modificados permiten orientar el diagnóstico y evidenciar signos clínicos de alarma. El manejo médico antimicrobiano deberá realizarse con base en hemocultivos y pruebas de sensibilidad, siempre teniendo en cuenta la prevalencia de patógenos y el origen primario de la infección. Se debe considerar como una patología con un pronóstico malo y un porcentaje de fatalidad alto. Finalmente, se concluye que la principal limitación del caso es la falta de confirmación histopatológica.

Abstract Infectious endocarditis is a pathological process with low incidence in the daily clinical practice. The main etiology are the bacterial agents that colonize with higher prevalence the mitral and aortic valves. This paper reports the case of a dog with a previous diagnosis of peripheral vestibular syndrome secondary to probable otitis media-interna. The dog has a sudden heart murmur, intermittent claudications, lack of appetite, depression and temperatures. It is performed an echocardiographic assessment that shows mitral valve thickening with hyperecoic structures in the free border that indicates vegetations. Using the Modified Duke Criteria, a definitive diagnosis of infectious endocarditis is concluded. The dog is provided a medical treatment at the clinic without success. The clinical and paraclinical findings match the background found in the literature. Modified Duke Criteria allow guiding the diagnosis process and uncovering the alarm clinical signs. Antimicrobial clinical treatment must be administered based on blood cultures and sensitivity tests and considering both the pathogen prevalence and infection primary origin. Doctors must deem this condition as a bad prognosis pathology with a high mortality percentage. Finally, it is concluded that the main limitation in this case is a lack of histopathological confirmation.

Fallo multiórganos por endocarditis infecciosa fulminante durante hemodiálisis / Multi-organs failure for infectious fulminating endocarditis during hemodialysis

Introducción: Al colocar el catéter venoso central en enfermos de insuficiencia renal crónica durante la hemodiálisis, la prevención es imprescindible para evitar la endocarditis infecciosa. El estafilococo dorado es un germen agresivo, que en enfermos inmunodeprimidos con fenómenos cardioembólicos pulmonares y sistémicos, ocasiona daños a funciones de órganos y sistemas. El fenómeno de fallo multiórganos es una complicación temida. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de endocarditis infecciosa agresiva, en un paciente en hemodiálisis. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina, de 31 años de edad, con diagnóstico de endocarditis infecciosa, con tratamiento oportuno, adecuado y multidisciplinario. Después de una mejoría, pasó a un deterioro marcado, falleció por fallo multiórganos, debido a septicemia y cardioembolismos múltiples. Comentarios: La resistencia de los gérmenes agresivos, se hace más frecuente. La vida de la enferma, inmunodeprimida y manipulada, se sitúa en riesgo significativo con fallo multiórganos(AU)

Introduction: When placing the central venous catheter in patients with chronic renal failure during hemodialysis, prevention is essential to avoid infective endocarditis. Staphylococcus aureus is an aggressive germ, which in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary and systemic cardioembolic phenomena, causes damage to functions of organs and systems. The phenomenon of multi-organ failure is a feared complication. Objective: To present a case of aggressive infective endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient. Clinical case: Female patient, 31 years old, with a diagnosis of infective endocarditis, with timely, adequate and multidisciplinary treatment. After an improvement, he went on to a marked deterioration, died due to multi-organ failure, due to septicemia and multiple cardioembolisms. Comment: The resistance of aggressive germs becomes more frequent. The life of the patient, immunocompromised and manipulated, is at significant risk with multi-organ failure (AU)

Embolismos sépticos pulmonares y sistémicos como forma de presentación de la endocarditis infecciosa / Septic pulmonary and systemic embolisms as form of presentation of infective endocarditis

Introducción: A partir de los años 50, la presentación clínica clásica de la endocarditis infecciosa ha variado. Debido al uso de antibióticos, drogas ilícitas, catéteres venosos, etc., las manifestaciones tradicionales no son frecuentes. Objetivo: Presentar un caso con endocarditis infecciosa y comentar las manifestaciones embolígenas, así como las medidas preventivas con las nuevas técnicas. Caso clínico: Enfermo con insuficiencia renal crónica, diabético, hipertenso, con catéter venoso central, que presentó, después de una sección de hemodiálisis; escalofríos intensos, fiebre de 39,5 0C, cefalea intensa, toma del estado general, dolor torácico intenso punzante, tos, expectoración con sangre roja rutilante, disnea, soplo regurgitante holosistólico. Se le realizó ecocardiograma dópler que muestra múltiples vegetaciones pequeñas, hemocultivos positivos a estafilococos dorado. Fue tratado según los resultados del antibiograma durante 6 semanas y resolvió su extrema gravedad. Conclusiones: La endocarditis infecciosa puede tener manifestaciones muy diferentes al de décadas anteriores; puede aparecer como cuadro agudo fulminante por manifestaciones embólicas y sépticas múltiples(AU)

Introduction: Since the 1950s, the classical clinical presentation of infectious endocarditis (E.I) has varied. Due to the use of antibiotics, illicit drugs, venous catheters, traditional manifestations are not frequent. Objectives: To review the embolic presentation of endocarditis and pecify the preventive measures with the new techniques. Clinical case: A patient with chronic renal insufficiency, diabetic, hypertensive, with central venous catheter, intense chills, fever of 39.5 ° C, intense headache, general state, severe chest pain, cough, expectoration with bright red blood, dyspnea, holosystolic regurgitant murmur, after a section of hemodialysis. Doppler echocardiogram was performed, visualizing multiple small vegetation's, positive blood cultures to golden staphylococci, treatment according to antibiograms for 6 weeks, at the end of which the extreme severity was resolved. Comments: Infective endocarditis can have a very different behavior from previous decades; it can appear as an acute fulminating disease due to embolic, septic, multiple manifestations(AU)

Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica, un síndrome potencialmente fatal. Presentación de tres casos / Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a potentially fatal syndrome. Presentation of three cases

Introducción: La evidencia actual sobre el síndrome de linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica se basa en series de casos y, por tanto, las decisiones clínicas se fundamentan en el criterio de expertos. En Cuba son escasos los informes publicados, lo cual valida los esfuerzos que incrementen la comprensión de esta entidad en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Describir tres casos de síndrome de linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica secundaria, una complicación extremadamente infrecuente y poco sospechada. Casos clínicos: De los tres pacientes estudiados, dos presentaron linfoma como enfermedad subyacente. A uno de ellos se le diagnosticó un linfoma no Hodgkin de células T anaplásico en la necropsia; mientras el otro paciente fue diagnosticado y tratado precozmente por linfoma no Hodgkin de células grandes B, el cual evolucionó satisfactoriamente. El tercer paciente presentó endocarditis de valva tricúspide y alcanzó la remisión luego de tratamiento antibiótico, inmunomodulador y quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Los casos presentados destacan la complejidad del síndrome de linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica y refuerzan la necesidad crítica de su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno en nuestro medio(AU)

Introduction: The current evidence about hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome is based on case series and, therefore, clinical decisions are based on expert criteria. In Cuba, there are few published reports, which validates the efforts that may increase understanding of this entity in our environment. Objective: To describe three cases of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome, an extremely rare and little suspected complication. Clinical cases: Of the three patients studied, two presented lymphoma as subjacent disease. One of them was diagnosed with anaplastic T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma at autopsy. The other was diagnosed and treated early for large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and evolved satisfactorily. The third patient presented tricuspid valve endocarditis and achieved remission after antibiotic, immunomodulatory and surgical treatment. Conclusions: The cases presented highlight the complexity of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome and reinforce the critical need for diagnosis and timely treatment of this condition in our setting(AU)

A Case of Aortic Subannular Left Ventricular Aneurysm Appears to Be an Acute Aortic Root Dissection / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 67-year-old man with dyspnea at rest was diagnosed with acute heart failure and admitted to our hospital. Echocardiogram showed severe AR, and CT implied an ascending aortic aneurysm and abnormal space in the aortic root. The patient underwent emergent surgery for suspected acute aortic dissection. Intraoperative findings showed the dehiscence of commissure of the aortic valve, and more, the abnormal space in the aortic root was not due to acute aortic dissection but an aortic subannular left ventricular aneurysm. The aneurysm was sutured and closed, and after that, aortic valve replacement and ascending aortic replacement were performed. Although subannular left ventricular aneurysm is a rare disease, it is important to carry out the preoperative evaluation considering the existence of such diseases.

Streptococcus pluranimalium, primeros casos pediátricos en México / Streptococcus pluranimalium first pediatric cases in Mexico

RESUMEN Introducción La taxonomía del género Streptococcus ha sido modificada con el uso de herramientas de biología molecular, que facilitan la identificación de especies que causan impacto en la patología humana tal como Streptococcus pluranimalium que, en México, hasta la fecha sólo ha sido reportado en adultos. Objetivo Reportar los primeros casos pediátricos de bacteriemia por Streptococcus pluranimalium. Casos clínicos Se presentan tres casos clínicos de pacientes femeninas en edad pediátrica, la primera de nueve meses con neumonía asociada a ventilador, recibió tratamiento con vancomicina. La segunda de 23 meses con absceso sub mandibular tratada con amoxicilina/sulbactam y la tercera de 11 años con endocarditis y bacteremia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, recibió vancomicina, meropenem y gentamicina, falleció por insuficiencia cardiaca. Todas las pacientes cursaron con bacteriemia por Streptococcus pluranimalium. Discusión Streptococcus pluranimalium no ha sido reportado previamente en niños. Puede ser patógeno en diferentes y severos procesos infecciosos en seres humanos.

ABSTRACT Introduction Streptococcus gender taxonomy has changed, due to the use of molecular biology tools that allows the identification of new pathogenic species like Streptococcus pluranimalium, which in Mexico has only been reported in adults. Objetive To report the first three pediatric cases of Streptococcus pluranimalium bacteremia. Clinical Cases Three clinical cases of female patients of pediatric age, the first of nine months with ventilator-associated pneumonia, were treated with vancomycin. The second of 23 months with sub-mandibular abscess treated with amoxicillin / sulbactam and the third of 11 years with endocarditis and bacteremia by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, received vancomycin, meropenem and gentamicin, died of heart failure. All patients had bacteremia due to Streptococcus pluranimalium. Discussion Streptococcus pluranimalium has not been reported previously in children. It could be pathogen in different and severe animal and human infectious process.

Epidemiological and clinical profile of infective endocarditis at a Brazilian tertiary care center: an eight-year prospective study

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a systemic infectious disease requiring a multidisciplinary team for treatment. This study presents the epidemiological and clinical data of 73 cases of IE in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS This observational prospective cohort study of endocarditis patients during an eight-year study period described 73 episodes of IE in 70 patients (three had IE twice). Community-associated (CAIE) and healthcare-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) were diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria. The collected data included demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics, including results of blood cultures, echocardiographic findings, surgical interventions, and outcome. RESULTS: Analysis of data from the eight-year study period and 73 cases (70 patients) of IE showed a mean age of 46 years (SD=2.5 years; 1-84 years) and that 65.7% were male patients. The prevalence of CAIE and HAIE was 32.9% and 67.1%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (30.1%), Enterococcus spp. (19.1%), and Streptococcus spp. (15.0%) were the prevalent microorganisms. The relevant signals and symptoms were fever (97.2%; mean 38.6 + 0.05°C) and heart murmur (87.6%). Vegetations were observed in the mitral (41.1%) and aortic (27.4%) valves. The mortality rate of the cases was 47.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In multivariate analysis, chronic renal failure (relative risk [RR]= 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.55), septic shock (RR= 2.19; 95% CI 1.499-3.22), and age over 60 years (RR= 2.28; 95% CI 1.44-3.59) were indirectly associated with in-hospital mortality. The best prognosis was related to the performance of cardiovascular surgery (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99).

Homograft Replacement for Repeated Pseudoaneurysm after Aortic Valve Surgery in a Patient with Behçet Disease / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Patients with Behçet disease often develop postoperative valve detachment and pseudoaneurysm as a potentially fatal complication following aortic valve surgery, necessitating re-operation in a few cases. A 37-year-old man underwent 5 aortic valve and aortic root surgeries for the management of valve detachment after initial aortic valve replacement. Evaluation during the course of his disease revealed incomplete Behçet disease. He presented with high fever and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia during the introduction of immunosuppressive therapy with infliximab. Contrast computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm around the aortic root, and an aortic root replacement was performed using an aortic homograft after administration of a 6-week course of vancomycin. The patient is being observed at our outpatient clinic and has demonstrated no complications after 5 years from his last surgery.

C-ANCA-positive glomerulonephritis associated with subacute infective endocarditis caused by Bartonella infection / 영남의대학술지

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is sometimes associated with infective endocarditis (IE). Bartonella endocarditis is difficult to diagnose because it is rare and cannot be detected by blood culture. This is the first report of cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive subacute endocarditis-associated GN caused by Bartonella infection in South Korea. A 67-year-old man was hospitalized due to azotemia. He complained of weight loss and anorexia for 6 months. A diagnosis of IE was made based upon echocardiographic detection of vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves and a Bartonella antibody titer of 1:2,048. Renal histology identified focal crescentic GN. Azotemia and proteinuria improved after doxycycline and rifampin treatment combining with steroid therapy.

C-ANCA-positive glomerulonephritis associated with subacute infective endocarditis caused by Bartonella infection / 영남의대학술지

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is sometimes associated with infective endocarditis (IE). Bartonella endocarditis is difficult to diagnose because it is rare and cannot be detected by blood culture. This is the first report of cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive subacute endocarditis-associated GN caused by Bartonella infection in South Korea. A 67-year-old man was hospitalized due to azotemia. He complained of weight loss and anorexia for 6 months. A diagnosis of IE was made based upon echocardiographic detection of vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves and a Bartonella antibody titer of 1:2,048. Renal histology identified focal crescentic GN. Azotemia and proteinuria improved after doxycycline and rifampin treatment combining with steroid therapy.

Endocarditis infecciosa / Infective endocarditis / Endocardite infecciosa

La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad producida por la colonización y proliferación de agentes infecciosos en la superficie endotelial del corazón. Su presentación clínica es variable pues depende de condiciones propias del hospedero, tales como el estado inmunológico, la presencia de material protésico y el uso de drogas endovenosas, y del agente causal. El diagnóstico se establece, usualmente, mediante la suma de elementos como la historia clínica, el examen físico, los hemocultivos, el ecocardiograma y otras ayudas. Presentamos el caso de un hombre adulto que acudió al hospital con un cuadro clínico de fiebre e insuficiencia cardíaca aguda. Se documentó la presencia de soplo sistólico en el foco aórtico y el ecocardiograma reveló insuficiencia valvular grave y una lesión vegetante sobre la válvula aórtica bicúspide. Requirió reemplazo valvular y completó el tratamiento antibiótico, dirigido por la sensibilidad demostrada, luego de hemocultivos positivos para Streptococcus mitis.

Infective endocarditis is a disease caused by colonization and proliferation of infectious agents on the endothelial surface of the heart. Its clinical presentation is variable, depending upon conditions of the patient, such as immunosuppression, presence of prosthetic material, intravenous drug use, and the etiologic agent. Diagnosis is usually established through the addition of elements such as medical history, physical examination, results of blood cultures, echocardiography and other aids. We present the case of an adult male who came to the hospital with fever and symptoms and signs of acute heart failure. The presence of a systolic murmur was documented in the aortic area, and the echocardiogram revealed severe valve regurgitation and a vegetating lesion on the bicuspid aortic valve. He required valve replacement and completed antibiotic treatment based on the sensitivity of the Streptococcus mitis strain that was demonstrated in the blood cultures.

A endocardite infecciosa é uma entidade clínica produzida pela colonização e proliferação de agentes infecciosos, na superfície endotelial do coração. Sua apresentação clínica é variável pois depende de condições próprias do hospedeiro, tais como o estado imunológico, a presença de material protético e o uso de drogas endovenosas, e do agente causal. O diagnóstico se estabelece, usualmente, mediante a soma de elementos como a história clínica, o exame físico, os resultados de hemocultura, o ecocardiograma e outras ajudas. Apresentamos o caso de um homem adulto que foi ao hospital com quadro clínico de febre e insuficiência cardíaca aguda. Documentouse a presença de sopro sistólico no foco aórtico e o ecocardiograma revelou insuficiência valvular grave e uma lesão vegetante sobre a válvula aórtica bicúspide. Requereu substituição valvular e completou o tratamento antibiótico, dirigido pela sensibilidade demonstrada, depois de hemocultivos positivos para Streptococcus mitis.

Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico como manifestación inicial de endocarditis infecciosa / Stroke as an initial manifestation of infectious endocarditis

Las manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa pueden ser muy frecuentes. Presentamos un caso clínico cuya manifestación cardinal fue un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, y revisamos la epidemiología de este fenómeno, así como algunos aspectos terapéuticos y diagnósticos a considerar en este tipo de pacientes. Se otorga énfasis a la controversia en torno a la indicación de anticoagulación, la evaluación precoz con neuroimagen en pacientes asintomáticos, y la decisión de intervención quirúrgica precoz para pacientes seleccionados...

The neurological manifestations of patients with infectious endocarditis can be very common. We present a case report in which the cardinal manifestation was a stroke, and we review the epidemiology of this phenomenon, as well as some diagnostic and therapeutic aspects to consider in this type of patients. We put emphasis on the controversy around the anticoagulation therapy, initial evaluation with neuroimaging in asymptomatic patients, and the decision of surgical intervention in selected patients...

Bromocresol Dye-binding Methods Underestimate Serum Albumin Value in Patients Treated with High Dose of Penicillin G.

Background: Various factors contribute to the discrepancies observed between the bromocresol green (BCG) and bromocresol purple (BCP) assays of serum concentration. Either a BCG or a modified BCP assay is a routine laboratory for albumin measurement in Japan. High-dose of penicillin G underestimates serum albumin level using a modified BCP method in vitro. Therefore, we examined the serum albumin level in the patients treated with high-dose of penicillin G and also performed the experiments on coincubation with plasma, or albumin product and penicillin G solution in vitro. Methods: The medical records of 71 patients treated with high-dose of Penicillin G collected between 2009 and 2012 were reviewed for age, gender, biochemistry (total protein, albumin and potassium), underlying diseases and usage of albumin product. Patients were divided into 2 groups: BCG group (N = 38) and a modified BCP group (N = 33). We compared serum albumin levels between two groups. We performed the experiments on co-incubation with albumin product or human plasma and penicillin G solution in vitro. Results: Serum albumin levels using a modified BCP assay decreased during the treatment with high dose penicillin G (-0.4 ± 0.1 g/dL), while serum albumin levels by a BCG method did not decrease (0.06 ± 0.05 g/dL). Although only one patient revealed hypoalbuminemia (<2.0 g/dL) by a BCG method (2.6%), ten patients revealed hypoalbuminemia by a modified BCP method (33%). Penicillin G underestimated plasma albumin levels using a modified BCP methods (% underestimation: 42.9 ± 0.0%) more than those using a BCG method (% underestimation: 10.6 ± 0.0%) in co-incubation experiments in vitro. Conclusion: High-dose of penicillin G might cause the underestimation of serum albumin levels using bromocresol dye-binding methods.

Streptococcus Spondylitis Concomitant Infectious Endocarditis: A Case Report / 대한정형외과연구학회지

It is known that most common causative pathway of pyogenic spondylitis is bacterial transmission through blood and pyogenic spondylitis rarely accompanies infectious endocarditis. We experienced 1 case of pyogenic spondylitis concomitant infectious endocarditis. So, we report this case with a review of literature.

A Juvenile Case of Folding Plasty for Mitral Active Infectious Endocarditis / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report a case of mitral active infectious endocarditis in a 15-year-old boy successfully managed by folding plasty without any prosthetic devices. He was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and general fatigue. Echocardiography revealed a vegetation of 15×18 mm attached to the anterior commissure area of the mitral valve with severe mitral regurgitation. Brain MRI showed acute brain infarction without symptoms, and enhanced computed tomography also showed multiple infarctions of the spleen and the left kidney. <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>was identified in the venous blood culture. We diagnosed active mitral infectious endocarditis with multiple systemic embolization and disseminated intravascular coagulation. After antibiotic therapy for 9 days, mitral valve surgery was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass and cold blood cardioplegia through a median sternotomy and a left atriotomy. A giant vegetation was attached to the damaged mitral leaflet of the AC to A1 and P1. The vegetation and damaged leaflet were removed by an ultrasonic aspirator and resected. Removal of the superficial vegetation with the aspiration method enabled preservation of more than half of the A1 and half of the P1 for valve repair. The anterior commissure annulus without a leaflet was reconstructed by compression suture. Furthermore, in a procedure similar to folding plasty, leaflet A1 was folded down and sutured to annulus P1, and a simple suture technique was involved to the left cut edges of leaflet A1 and P1. The postoperative course was uneventful. Two years after surgery, the patient was well with no recurrence of infection and trivial mitral regurgitation on echocardiography.

Endocarditis infecciosa, experiencia de diez años en un centro de referencia nacional / Infectious endocarditis, 10 years of experience in a national reference center

Objetivo: estudiar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y microbiológicas, así como el tratamiento médico quirúrgico de los pacientes ingresados con el diagnóstico de endocarditis infecciosa, con el propósito de profundizar en su estudio y contribuir a un mejor tratamiento a estos pacientes. Métodos: se estudiaron 24 pacientes procedentes de todo el país, egresados con el diagnóstico de endocarditis infecciosa. Los datos fueron recogidos de las historias clínicas procedentes del archivo del Hospital William Soler, y de la base de datos del servicio de cirugía del cardiocentro. Se determinó la frecuencia de las diferentes manifestaciones de la endocarditis infecciosa según: grupos etarios, factores de riesgo, y los datos clínicos, de laboratorio y microbiológicos más frecuentes. Además, se determinó la toma valvular predominante, la etiología y su respuesta a los antibióticos. Resultados: el grupo de edad más afectado fue entre 5 y 18 años; la cardiopatía previa fue el factor de riesgo predominante; los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron la fiebre, la anorexia y la pérdida de peso. La insuficiencia cardiaca y el embolismo pulmonar fueron complicaciones frecuentes. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvo una eritrosedimentación acelerada, y la cuarta parte de los casos presentaron hemocultivos negativos. Las válvulas aórtica y mitral resultaron las más afectadas, y el curso clínico que predominó fue el subagudo. En casi la mitad de los pacientes la infección tuvo un origen nosocomial. Los antimicrobianos más utilizados fueron la amikacina, la vancomicina y la ceftriaxona. Conclusiones: la endocarditis infecciosa es poco frecuente en nuestra institución, ocurre más a menudo en relación con las cardiopatías congénitas. Los hechos clínicos más constantes fueron la fiebre y el antecedente de cardiopatía previa

Objective: to study the clinical, epidemiological and microbiological characteristics as well as the surgical medical treatment of patients admitted diagnosed with infectious endocarditis to deepen in its study and to contribute to a better treatment for these patients. Methods: twenty four patients from whole country, discharged with the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis. Data were collect from the medical records of the "William Soler" Children Hospital files and from the database of surgery service of heart center. The frequency of different manifestations of infectious endocarditis was determined according to: age groups, risk factors and the more frequent clinical, laboratory and microbiologic data. Also, the predominant valvular take, the etiology and the response to antibiotics were determined. Results: the more involved age group was between 5 and 18 years; the previous heart disease was the more predominant factor; the more frequent symptoms and signs were: fever, anorexia and weight loss. The heart failure and the pulmonary embolism were frequent complications. Most of patients had an accelerated erythrosedimentation and the fourth of cases had negative blood cultures. The aortic and mitral valves were the more involved and the predominant clinical course was the subacute. In almost the half of patients the infection had a nosocomial origin. The more used antimicrobial agents were amikacin, vancomycin and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: the infectious endocarditis is uncommon in our institution occurs more often in relation to congenital heart diseases. The more constant clinical facts were fever and a history of previous heart disease

La endocarditis infecciosa sigue desafiando a la clínica moderna / The infectious endocarditis remains as a challenge for the current clinic

Ante el desafío que mantiene la endocarditis infecciosa a pesar del desarrollo de la medicina contemporánea, merece la pena revisar y comentar aspectos del tema, de los últimos años, que inviten a la reflexión en los profesionales médicos y que beneficiará, sin dudas, el grado de competencia y desempeño. El extraer conclusiones universales de las publicaciones revisadas se hace difícil por la baja incidencia de la enfermedad comparada con otras infecciosas y la diversidad de factores económicos, sociales e institucionales de las poblaciones que han sido objeto de estudio

In the face of the challenge that infectious endocarditis maintains despite the development of current medicine, it is worthwhile to review and to comment on the recent features of this subject so the medical professionals make a reflection to be of benefit for the competence and performance level. It is difficult to make conclusions from the publications reviewed due to the low incidence of this disease compared to others of infectious origin and the diversity of economic, social and institutional factors of study populations

Manejo estomatológico del pacientepediátrico con cardiopatía congénita: revisión de la literatura / Dental treatment of pediatric patient with congenital heart disease: literature review

Las cardiopatías congénitas se definen como lesiones anatómicas del corazón y sus componentes que se presentan en el nacimiento y representan un problema de salud pública de primer orden. Los pacientes afectados presentan sintomatología muy diversa y requieren un manejo estomatológico adecuado y de calidad que les permita mantener su salud bucal sin poner en riesgo su salud general. Existe muy poca literatura sobre el manejoestomatológico del paciente pediátrico con cardiopatía congénita, por lo que se realizó una búsqueda sistematizada sobre el tema en las principales bases de datos científicas, así como en revistas especializadas, con el objetivo de analizar la literatura, y basándose en esta proponer pautas para el manejo estomatológico de estos pacientes...

Congenital heart diseases are defined as anatomical lesions of the heart that are presented at birth and represent a first-priority public health problem. Patients affected by this kind ofpathologies show a large variety of symptoms and require proper dental care to maintain a healthy oral and overall status. Literature about dental pediatric care of patients with congenital heart diseases is limited. A systematic search in scientific databases and specialized journals on the subject was carried out with the aim of analyzing the available literature and propose dental guidelines for these patients...