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Introduction: Problems associated with adherence to safeinjection administration among healthcare providers are onthe rise especially among primary health care workers. Thereis therefore the need to assess the level of awareness andadherence to the practice of injection safety among healthworkers in Primary health Centers in Calabar Municipality,Cross River State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were todetermine the level of awareness and adherence to the indicesof safe injection practices in the study area.Material and methods: It was a cross sectional descriptivesurvey. A total of 398 health workers were sampled from apopulation of 245,681 health workers in the five Primary healthcenters in Calabar municipality using multistage samplingtechnique. All of the health workers including the cleaners andsupport staff were selected for the study. Data was collectedusing a four sectioned semi-structured questionnaire and thedata was analyzed using Statistical package for social studies(SPSS) version 21.0. For awareness and practice of injectionsafety, the data was marked and scored and dichotomized forgood and poor level of awareness and good and bad adherenceto safety practices.Result: The result revealed that a total of 89.9% of the healthworkers had good level of awareness of injection safety withthe laboratory technicians having 100% knowledge. This wasstatistically significant X2=26.9, p=0.00. A total of 59.5% ofthe health workers had good practice of injection safety withthe laboratory technician having the least with 30%. X2 = 30, p= 0.00. There was statistically significant association of levelof awareness with level of adherence to practice of injectionsafety χ2 = 30; p-value = 0.00.Conclusion: The level of awareness of injection safetypractices among health workers was high but their adherenceto the practice of care was not commensurate with theawareness. Therefore, other measures should be adoptedto improve practice of safe injection administration amongprimary health care workers in the study area.
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Objective Determination of extractable components in medium/low borosilicate glass controlled injection bottles under 5 different extraction conditions,assess the risk of drug safety by the amount of migration.Methods Determination of 24 elements in extraction solution by ICP-MS.Result Establish the standard curves of 24 elements,and the detection limit and quantitative limit were determined.The determination of the elements in the 5 extraction solutions was completed and their safety was evaluated.Conclusion Medium/low borosilicate glass injection bottle for packing freeze-dried products of Tianjin Tasly Pride Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,the daily intake of Li、V、Cr、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Ba、Hg、Pb was lower than permitted daily exposure,the amount of migration does not pose a risk to drugs,therefore,the injection quality is not affected.
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Background: Unsafe injection practice can transmit various blood borne infections. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of injection safety among injection providers, to obtain information about disposal of injectable devices, and to compare the knowledge and practices of urban and rural injection providers. Methods: The study was conducted with injection providers working at primary health care facilities within Kaski district, Nepal. Ninety-six health care workers from 69 primary health care facilities were studied and 132 injection events observed. A semi-structured checklist was used for observing injection practice and a questionnaire for the survey. Respondents were interviewed to complete the questionnaire and obtain possible explanations for certain observed behaviors. Results: All injection providers knew of at least one pathogen transmitted through use/re-use of unsterile syringes. Proportion of injection providers naming hepatitis/jaundice as one of the diseases transmitted by unsafe injection practice was significantly higher in urban (75.6%) than in rural (39.2%) area. However, compared to urban respondents (13.3%), a significantly higher proportion of rural respondents (37.3%) named Hepatitis B specifically as one of the diseases transmitted. Median (inter-quartile range) number of therapeutic injection and injectable vaccine administered per day by the injection providers were 2 (1) and 1 (1), respectively. Two handed recapping by injection providers was significantly higher in urban area (33.3%) than in rural areas (21.6%). Most providers were not aware of the post exposure prophylaxis guideline. Conclusion: The knowledge of the injection providers about safe injection practice was acceptable. The use of safe injection practice by providers in urban and rural health care facilities was almost similar. The deficiencies noted in the practice must be addressed.
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Health Personnel , InjectionsABSTRACT
A mass measles campaign was organized in AILA-affected areas of West Bengal in July-August 2009. The present cross-sectional study was conducted with the objectives to monitor and assess the cold chain maintenance, safe injection practices, IEC methods adopted, and to observe the conduction of the sessions in the campaign. All the cold chain points at the block level had adequate vaccines and equipments, twice monitoring of temperature which was in optimal range. 82% sessions had team according to microplan, AWW was present and team members were actively mobilizing the children in 83% sessions, puncture proof container was used and vaccines were given in correct sites in more than 95% sessions. The study observed satisfactory conduction of the whole campaign, still the injection safety procedures should be strengthened considering the potential harm to the health care providers.
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@#ObjectiveTo assess the safety of intramyocardium injection of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) to rescue chronic heart failure beagles. MethodsThe heart failure beagles were assessed with myocardium enzymology, cAMP content of myocardium, myocardial oxygen consumption, arrhythmia, systemic inflammation factors, and the function of liver and kidney after SERCA2a gene transferred. ResultsThere were no increase of cAMP content, no more arrhythmia, myocardial oxygen consumption, no apparente systemic inflammation, and no injures to hepatic and renal function. ConclusionOverexpression of SERCA2a by intramyocardium injection is relatively safe.