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Abstract The growing investments in information technology (IT) each year pushes public sector organizations to develop the ability to gather, integrate, and implement these resources to improve organizational processes. Public sector organizations have to be agile and flexible to meet society's dynamic demands. In this sense, IT management and creating an organizational environment facilitating innovation are crucial measures. These organizations must learn to cultivate IT capabilities and innovativeness to improve their performance and create public value. Thus, this study aims to identify the existing relationships between innovativeness, IT capabilities, IT reconfiguration capability, and organizational performance in the public sector. The research analyzed data from 254 Brazilian public organizations of the most diverse sizes and sectors using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the ability to reconfigure IT must be listed among the organizations' IT capabilities. Also, the findings suggest that IT capabilities foster organizations' innovativeness, and IT capabilities and innovativeness positively impact the organizations' performance. The study contributes to knowledge of innovation and IT capabilities by testing theoretical propositions identified in the context of the private sector but insufficiently assessed in the public sector. Finally, the study points out ways for public managers to better prepare their institutions to face constantly changing environments.
Resumen En vista del creciente volumen de recursos invertidos anualmente en tecnología de la información, las organizaciones del sector público deben tener cada vez más la capacidad de reunir, integrar e implementar recursos de TI para satisfacer las necesidades de los procesos organizacionales. Además, a las organizaciones públicas se les exige cada vez más ser más ágiles y flexibles para poder atender las demandas dinámicas de las sociedades. En este sentido, las organizaciones públicas deben ser capaces de gestionar y aplicar adecuadamente los recursos informáticos de los que disponen, así como crear entornos organizativos que permitan y favorezcan el florecimiento de la innovación. Es decir, deben aprender a cultivar las capacidades de TI y la innovación, con el objetivo de cumplir mejor su misión y crear valor público. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es identificar las relaciones existentes entre la innovación, las capacidades de TI, la capacidad de reconfiguración de TI y el desempeño organizacional, en el contexto del sector público. Para ello, se analizaron datos de 254 organizaciones públicas brasileñas de los más diversos tamaños y sectores, utilizando un enfoque de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados indicaron que la capacidad de reconfigurar la TI debe figurar entre las capacidades de TI de las organizaciones públicas, así como que las capacidades de TI desempeñan un papel en el fomento de la innovación de las organizaciones y que ambas (capacidades de TI e innovación) tienen un impacto positivo en el desempeño de las organizaciones. Al contrastar proposiciones teóricas identificadas en el contexto del sector privado, pero insuficientemente evaluadas en el sector público, el estudio agrega un bloque en la construcción de conocimiento sobre la capacidad de innovación y las capacidades de TI, además de señalar caminos para los gestores públicos sobre cómo pueden hacer que sus instituciones estén mejor preparadas para enfrentar entornos en constante cambio.
Resumo Tendo em vista o crescente volume de recursos investidos em tecnologia da informação a cada ano, as organizações do setor público devem cada vez mais ter a capacidade de reunir, integrar e implementar recursos de TI, a fim de atender às necessidades dos processos organizacionais. Além disso, as organizações públicas são cada vez mais exigidas a serem mais ágeis e flexíveis para atender às demandas dinâmicas das sociedades. Nesse sentido, as organizações públicas devem ser capazes de administrar e aplicar adequadamente os recursos de TI de que dispõem, bem como criar ambientes organizacionais que permitam e estimulem o florescimento da inovação. Ou seja, devem aprender a cultivar as capacidades de TI e a inovação, com o objetivo de melhor cumprir sua missão e criar valor público. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar as relações existentes entre inovatividade, capacidades de TI, capacidade de reconfiguração de TI e desempenho organizacional, no contexto do setor público. Para tanto, dados de 254 organizações públicas brasileiras, dos mais diversos portes e setores, foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de equações estruturais (SEM). Os resultados indicaram que a capacidade de reconfigurar TI deve ser listada entre as capacidades de TI das organizações públicas, bem como que as capacidades de TI desempenham um papel no fomento da inovação das organizações e que ambas (as capacidades de TI e a inovatividade) têm um impacto positivo no desempenho das organizações. Ao testar proposições teóricas identificadas no contexto do setor privado, mas insuficientemente avaliadas no setor público, o estudo acrescenta um bloqueio na construção do conhecimento sobre capacidade de inovação e capacidades de TI, além de apontar caminhos para gestores públicos sobre como eles podem tornar suas instituições mais bem preparadas para enfrentar ambientes em constante mudança.
Subject(s)
Organizational Innovation , Efficiency , Information TechnologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed Japanese consumers on their sauce consumption, and assessed the relationship between consumer innovativeness and consumption behavior for new sauce products. METHODS: The survey was completed by local consumers visiting Korean restaurants in Osaka, Japan, in September 2018. The demographic characteristics, consumption of sauce, consumer innovativeness, and factors of theory of planned behavior were evaluated. Totally, 150 collected data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 Program (IBM SPSS INC, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: Results of the survey indicate that Japanese consumers purchase a sauce by considering the taste and food utilization. Sauce purchases were maximum at mega markets and supermarkets. The consumer innovativeness for Japanese consumers was based on 3 factors: ‘Purchasing adventurous products (3.51 ± 0.96)’, ‘Active information seeking (4.36 ± 1.11)’, and ‘Interactive information seeking (4.33 ± 1.02)’, where the tendency of ‘Active information seeking’ was the highest innovativeness factor. Furthermore, higher values of perceived behavior control (4.68 ± 1.21), attitude (4.66 ± 1.41) and subjective norm (4.39 ± 1.28) were revealed, when assessing for theory of planned behavior factors. Correlating the variables of consumer innovation and factors of planning behavior theory, ‘Active information seeking’ is a positive attribute for attitude (p<0.016), subjective norm (p<0.001), and perceived behavior control (p<0.002). These 3 factors also had significantly positive effects on purchase intention for new sauce product (p<0.000, p<0.000, and p<0.002, respectively). Attitude was determined to be another very influential variable for purchase intention of a new sauce product (B=0.484, t=6.881). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study determine the consumption patterns of sauce for the Japanese consumer, and the relationship between consumer innovativeness and consumption behavior for Korean traditional sauces. We believe the data generated from this study will help determine a marketing strategy to enter the Japanese market.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asian People , Behavior Control , Intention , Japan , Marketing , RestaurantsABSTRACT
Scientific research of clinical disciplines has its own characteristics and requirements, in which the directions and topic selection are an essential step.This article introduces the author's experience in determining the directions and topics of clinical disciplinary research from the aspects of its practicality, advancement, innovativeness, feasibility and comprehensiveness, and some methods for cultivating medical graduates' ability of topic selection in clinical disciplinary research.
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The novelty assessment of doctorial dissertations in Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was outlined, the selected topics and innovative characteristics of doctorial dissertations in Chinese Academy of Tra-ditional Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2016 were summarized, the problems in their novelty assessment were ana-lyzed, and the following measures were put forward for improving the novelty assessment of doctorial dissertations, such as adjusting its timetable, finding its new model, carrying out its training for doctors, and attaching highly concern to it by the governments.
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Elements, including experimental personnel, facili-ties, equipment, apparatus, technology and skills, are essential to carrying out pre-clinical reproductive toxicity research. As to a study , authenticity , normativity , scientificity and innovativeness guarantee the success. These four elements are independent of each other,but mutually supported. Authenticity and scientificity are the footstone and soul, respectively, for drug non-clinical re-productive toxicity research. Normativity guarantees authenticity and scientificity, and innovativeness relies on authenticity. Nor-mativity and scientificity ensure the reliability and dynamics of experimental results which perhaps is an effective way accessing innovation.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of change commitment and learning orientation on the innovativeness of clinical nurse. METHODS: The participants in this study were 268 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collect and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS: The most significant predictors of innovativeness were education, normative commitment, continuance commitment and learning commitment. Continuance commitment negatively correlated with innovativeness. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that nurses' commitment to change and learning commitment were strongly linked to innovativeness. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to promote commitment to change include developing positive expectations about change positive outcomes.
Subject(s)
Learning , Orientation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to identify the role of individual innovation to demographic variables for determining IT adoption behaviors. This study also examines the effect of individual innovation on IT adoption behaviors across IT types. METHODS: To verify the invariant effect of individual innovativeness, two groups of persons working in the health care field were surveyed. The first study subject group was radiologists and their adoption of e-purchasing the second group was emergency rescue crews and their adoption of GPS. RESULTS: Adopter categories in innovations (ACI) as the measurement of individual innovation were a significant variable in both studies. Innovative adopters were more likely to use new IT tools than the majority of early adopters, and the early majority was more likely to adopt IT than the laggards. After merging the two data sets into one for testing the role of IT types as a moderator, the significance of ACI did not change, compared to the two separate analyses. In the merged data set, innovative adopters were 2.34 times more likely to be adopters than the early majority. The early majority was 2.32 times more likely to be adopters than laggards. Moreover, there were no moderating effects of IT types. Thus, there were no reversed adoption rates according to levels of ACI and demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: ACI has invariant effects on IT adoption behaviors regardless of IT types and demographic differences. To implement a new innovation, understanding individual innovativeness will provide more sophisticated implementation strategies for health care organizations and appropriate education programs for their employees.