Intensive management of acute right heart failure / 소아과

Not a few patients in children and adolescents are suffering from right ventricular (RV) dysfunction resulting from various conditions such as chronic lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, or congenital heart defect. The RV is different from the left ventricle in terms of ventricular morphology, myocardial contractile pattern and special vulnerability to the pressure overload. Right ventricular failure (RVF) can be evaluated in terms of decreased RV contractility, RV volume overload, and/or RV pressure overload. The management for RVF starts from clear understanding of the pathophysiology of RVF. In addition to correction of the underlying disease, management of RVF per se is very important. Meticulous control of volume status, inotropic agents, vasopressors, and pulmonary selective vasodilators are the main tools in the management of RVF. The relative importance of each tool depends on the individual clinical status. Medical assist device and surgery can be considered selectively in case of refractory RVF to optimal medical treatment.

Intensive management of acute right heart failure / 소아과

Not a few patients in children and adolescents are suffering from right ventricular (RV) dysfunction resulting from various conditions such as chronic lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, or congenital heart defect. The RV is different from the left ventricle in terms of ventricular morphology, myocardial contractile pattern and special vulnerability to the pressure overload. Right ventricular failure (RVF) can be evaluated in terms of decreased RV contractility, RV volume overload, and/or RV pressure overload. The management for RVF starts from clear understanding of the pathophysiology of RVF. In addition to correction of the underlying disease, management of RVF per se is very important. Meticulous control of volume status, inotropic agents, vasopressors, and pulmonary selective vasodilators are the main tools in the management of RVF. The relative importance of each tool depends on the individual clinical status. Medical assist device and surgery can be considered selectively in case of refractory RVF to optimal medical treatment.

Valor do uso da milrinona no tratamento das crises de agudização em portadores de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva / Use of Milrinone in the Treatment of Acute Phase of Congestive Hecert Failure

PURPOSE--To assess the hemodynamic effects of milrinone in a 48h intravenous infusion in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) (NYHA class III or IV). METHODS--Forty patients with CHF were sequentially evaluated. Right heart catheterization was performed in order to measure, before and after administration of milrinone, several hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, pulmonary wedge pressure, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance). RESULTS--There was a significant improvement in hemodynamic parameters (cardiac index, cardiac output), and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Serious side effects were not observed in these patients. CONCLUSION--These findings indicate that milrinone is effective in the treatment of deteriorating phases of CHF and suggest that milrinone should be used in these select patients.

Objetivo - Verificar os efeitos hemodinâmicos a curto prazo, da infusão intravenosa de milrinona em portadores de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), grau funcional (GF) III e IV da NYHA. Métodos - Foram estudados, prospectivamente, 40 pacientes, com ICC de diversas etiologias, GF III e IV da NYHA e, através do cateter de Swan-Ganz, analisados vários parâmetros hemodinômicos como, índice cardíaco (IC), pressão capilar pulmonar, resistência vascular sistêmica (RVS) e pulmonar (RVP), antes e após a infusão de milrinona. Analisaram-se, também, os efeitos clínicos e possíveis efeitos colaterais da droga. Resultados - Significante melhora clínica e hemodinâmica, avaliada pelo cateter de Swan-Ganz. Aumento significante do IC, com queda expressiva da RVS, RVP, sem causar hipotensão e ou taquifilaxia. Não houve aparecimento de efeitos colaterais graves que justificassem a interrupção do tratamento. Conclusão - Este tipo de fármaco inodilatador pode e deve ser usado em fases agudas da descompensação cardíaca nestes pacientes

Effects of positive inotropics used alone or in combination on myocardial stunning / 中华麻醉学杂志

Ⅳ, SVR and PVR decreased markedly at the same time MERO 2 and MDO 2/MVO 2 dod not change significantly but MVO 2/MDO 2 showed a tendency of decreasing after the inotropics administration compared with the control group Electronic microscopy examinations: 30min after the inotropics were stoped, the myocardial ultrastructure of ischemic area did not improved significantly in group Ⅱ and Ⅲversus the group Ⅰ, but in group Ⅵ, Ⅴ and Ⅳ, the interstitial and intracellular edema reduced markedly, the capillary stasis vanished, and very few vacuole could be seen in mitochondria Conclusions 1 The response of stunned myocardium to ? agonists decreases 2 Inotropic can restore regional work by restoring mechanical synchrony and improving energy efficiency, the effects of combined inotropics are better than the inotropics given alone in myocardial stunning