Valoración de los patrones de consumo alimentario y actividad física en universitarios de tres carreras respecto a las guías alimentarias para la población argentina

RESUMEN Numerosos estudios coinciden en que el inicio de la vida universitaria se asocia a cambios poco saludables en prácticas alimentarias y estilos de vida que pueden consolidarse en la edad adulta. El objetivo fue valorar en qué medida estudiantes de tres carreras cumplen con las recomendaciones de las nuevas Guías Alimentarias para la Población Argentina de 2016. Se encuestaron 164 alumnos de Bioquímica (BQ), Licenciatura en Nutrición (LN) y Licenciatura en Biotecnología (LB) de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Los alumnos de LN se acercaron más a las recomendaciones que BQ y LB: mayor porcentaje realizaba cuatro comidas (45,0% vs 22,4% LB y 21,8% BQ, p= 0,009) y consumía diariamente leche/yogur (p= 0,042); los estudiantes de BQ presentaron el menor consumo de frutas (p= 0,000), mientras los de LB presentaron la menor ingesta de verduras (p= 0,023). El 79,3% del total realizaba actividad física y de ellos 59,8% alcanzó los 30 minutos diarios recomendados. La Universidad ofrece espacios de alimentación saludable (comedor universitario) y actividad física (predio de deportes) que no resultaban suficientemente aprovechados. Se concluye que resulta necesario planificar intervenciones para fomentar y/o mejorar patrones, consumo de alimentos y actividad física acordes a estilos más saludables en estos universitarios.

ABSTRACT Numerous studies agree that the beginning of university life is associated with unhealthy changes in eating practices and lifestyles that can be consolidated in adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the nutrition and physical activity of university students from three career programs comply with the recommendations of the new Dietary Guidelines for the Argentine Population (2016). One hundred and sixty-four (164) students of Biochemistry (BQ), Bachelor of Nutrition (LN) and Bachelor of Biotechnology (LB) of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral were surveyed. LN students approached the recommendations more than BQ and LB students: a higher percentage had four meals per day (45.0% LN vs. 22.4% LB and 21.8% BQ, p-value= 0.009) and consumed a daily portion of milk/yogurt (p-value= 0.042); the BQ students had the lowest fruit consumption (p-value= 0.000), while the LB students had the lowest vegetable intake (p-value= 0.023). All students presented patterns of intake and consumption of foods strongly influenced by the Argentine culture. Almost eighty percent (79.3%) of students did physical activity, but only 59.8% reached the recommended 30 minutes a day. The University offers healthy eating spaces (university canteen) and physical activity (sports grounds) that were not sufficiently exploited. It is concluded that it is necessary to plan interventions to promote and / or improve patterns of food consumption and physical activity, according to healthier lifestyles for university students.

The association of dietary quality and food group intake patterns with bone health status among Korean postmenopausal women: a study using the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related disease are drawing a lot of attention in Korea as one of the serious health problems. Bone health status may be influenced by the general dietary quality and dietary pattern. SUBJECTS/METHODS: To determine the relationship between dietary quality and intake patterns and bone health status, the %RNI, NAR, DDS, and food group intake patterns were assessed according to their bone health status for 847 postmenopausal women using the 2010 KNHANES data after eliminating those of likely changing their diet under the advice of doctors or those taking estrogen. RESULTS: Bone health became worse as dietary quality deteriorated. All NAR and %RNI values were highly associated with bone health levels and the consumption frequency of Ca sources, DDS and the food group intake patterns also confirmed the findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that dietary quality and dietary patterns were important for bone health. Nutritional education on eating foods from the five basic food groups has to be emphasized to prevent osteoporosis among older women.

Study on purchase and intake patterns of individuals consuming dietary formula for weight control or health/functional foods

In our previous work, we reported consumers' perceptions of body shape and weight control. In an ongoing effort, we analyzed the purchasing behavior, intake patterns, future purchasing decisions, and degree of satisfaction in individuals consuming dietary formula for weight control (DF) or heath/functional foods (HFFs) by using the same survey questions. Portfolio analysis for marketing strategy was also investigated. Subjects were divided into two groups according to consumption of DF or HFF during the previous year : DF group (n = 89) and HFF group (n = 110). Average intake frequency was 1.7 +/- 0.7 per day for HFFs and 1.5 +/- 0.9 per day for the DF, and the most prevalent form was pill (58.2%) for HFFs and bar (42.7%) for DF. Duration of intake was 3.1 +/- 2.3 months for HFFs versus 3.9 +/- 3.5 months for DF. The average degree of satisfaction was 3.6 +/- 0.6 on a 5-point scale, meaning 'relatively satisfied'. For the weight control method to be used in the future, 44.5% of the HFF group selected 'HFFs' while 47.2% of the DF group selected 'DF', showing a tendency to use the current product type in the future. The average planned period for the intake was 3.8 +/- 3.7 months for HFFs and 3.0 +/- 2.4 months for DF (p < 0.05). The HFF group emphasized efficacy, functional ingredients of the products, reliable products, and higher satisfaction, whereas the DF group emphasized the added materials in addition to weight control effects.

Survey of Elementary School Students and Their Mothers Awareness and Intake Patterns of Kimchi in Changwon

This study aimed to examine consumers' interest, preference, and consumption frequency of Kimchi in elementary school students in the fifth grade and their mothers living in Changwon city. In a comparison of eating habits, students exhibited better eating habits than their mothers (P<0.01). Though the mothers' levels, were higher than those of the students in the category of 'eat foods with a bit of salt usually', the students' levels were higher in the rest of the eating habit categories. The categories of 'like Kimchi', 'spicy taste', and 'appropriately spicy taste' got high levels. Among several kinds of Kimchi, both students and mothers preferred 'cabbage Kimchi' the most. Among various Kimchi foods, preferences for 'Kimchi pancake', 'fried rice with Kimchi', and 'tuna Kimchi soup', were highest in that order. The preferences differed between students and mothers in each category; mothers' preferences were significantly higher than those of students. However, in the rest of categories, except 'boiled kimchi and fish' and 'Kimchi and stir-fried spicy pork', students' preferences were higher than mothers' ones. Compared to their preferences, students' consumption frequencies were significantly higher than mothers' ones (P<0.01). There were positive correlations among students' eating habits, awareness of Kimchi, consumption frequency, and preference. For mothers, there were positive correlations not only between eating habits and awareness, but also between awareness and preference.

Comparison of Eating Habits and Dietary Intake Patterns between People with and without Allergy

The aim of this study was to examine and compare the eating habits and dietary intake patterns of people with or without allergy by the survey during August-September, 2008. The 131 subjects aged 10'-50' (AG = allergy group, n = 62; NG = non-allergy group, n = 69) participated in this study. The questionnaire included general characteristics, dietary habits, and food frequency. Income level tended to be higher in AG than in NG, and AG had more pets and flower pots than NG (p<0.01). In AG, most affected area of allergy was the skin and the subjects in AG experienced the mixed symptoms and more than 2 types of allergy. Family history of allergy was highly related with allergy of the subjects (AG: 66.1%, NG: 33.9%). Both groups did not exercise regularly, but frequency of alcohol drinking in AG was significantly higher than in NG (p<0.01). AG skipped meals and had snacking more often than NG (p<0.05). Most favorite snacks in AG were instant foods, fast foods, cookies, and ice cream (p<0.05). Therefore, AG tended to consume more allergy-related foods than NG. Highly-consumed allergy-related foods were egg, pork, walnut, onion, tuna, shellfish, and kiwi (p<0.05). Therefore, nutrition education and guidance is needed to establish good eating habits, food intakes, and life style in people having allergy.

Comparisons of Food Intake Patterns and Iron Nutritional Status by Dietary Iron Density Among College Students

Food intake patterns and iron nutritional status of male and female college students were studied based on dietary iron density. Dietary data were collected using the method of 24-hour recalls for 3 consecutive days from 106 students, and fasting blood were drawn to measure iron nutritional status indicators such as total iron binding capacity, serum iron, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Mean daily iron intakes of male and female students were 13.3mg and 10.0mg, which were 107% and 63% of the RDA, respectively. However, dietary iron density were similar between male and female students as 5.9mg/1,000kcal and 5.7mg/1,000kcal, respectively. The diets were divided into two groups according to iron density; high iron density group (6mg/1,000kcal or more) and low iron density group (less than 6mg/1,000kcal). The students in high density group had lower intakes of energy, especially fat, than those in low density group. Female students in high density group showed significantly higher intakes of iron, and non-heme iron and folate than those of low density group. The students in high density group consumed more rice, hamburger, and eggs, while those in low density group consumed more Ra-myon and alcoholic beverages. The students in high density group consumed greater proportions of iron from plant-origin foods. Vegetables, legumes and seasonings were the food groups that female students in high density group consumed significantly more than those in low density group. Also the percentages of female students with iron deficiency were higher in low density group. These results suggest that diet with high iron density is important to improve iron nutritional status of women, and further research about the effective way to increase iron density in our diet is needed.

Change on the Food and Nutrient Intake Patterns of Men over Thirty Years Old in Jeon-ju Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The objective of this study was to estimate changes on the flood and nutrient intake patterns of men over thirty years old in Jeon-Ju area. The first survey was conducted from December in 1991 to January in 1992, tile second one from January to February in 1994 and the third one from July to August in 1997. The nutrition survey using 24-hour recall method was executed to 303 subjects : 89, 82, 132 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Results of the study are as follows : Kimchi, rice, garlic and onions were the most frequently eaten food items. Total daily intakes of foods were 85 : 15, 81 : 19 and 81 : 19 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. The average numbers of foods per person were 15.7, 20.1 and 21.9 daily in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively and tends to increase significantly(p<0.05). The minimum numbers of foods per person were 4, 7 and 9 and the maximum numbers of foods per person were 27, 35 and 39 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. KDDS(Korean's Dietary Diversity Score) is determined by how many among the five food groups (cereals, vegetables, meats, milks, oils groups)were consumed per day. Most subjects earned the KDDS "3" ; 61, 46 and 42% in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Average daily energy intakes wee 1,62 kcal(72% of RDA), 2,063 kcal(89% of RDA) and 1,818 kcal (79% of RDA) in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. Energy intake rates of cereals : total energy intake were 65, 59, and 60% in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively, which were decreasing. Protein intakes were 58g(72% of RDA), 79g(107% of RDA) and 71g(97% of RDA), respectively and animal protein comprised 46, 53, and 59%, respectively ; which were increased. Fat intakes were 12g, 20g and 20g, respectively and animal protein comprised 38, 46, and 48% ; which were increased. Fat intakes were 12g, 20g and 20g, respectively, of which animal fat comprised 46, 53, and 59%, respectively ; which were increased, too. Malnourished (under 75% of RDA) rates were respectively 64, 34, and 47% in terms of energy ; 64, 31 and 33% in protein ; 67, 51, and 61% in calcium ; 53, 26, and 18% in iron ; 85, 74 and 84% in Vitamin A. Super-nourished(above 125% of RDA) rates were respectively 1, 13, and 3% in energy ; 1, 29, and 21% in protein ; 5, 18, and 7% in calcium ; 16, 31, and 7% in iron ; 16, 31, and 7% in Vitamin A, 42, 76, and 62% in Vitamin C. The percentages of calories from protein : fat : carbohydrate were 14 : 12 : 74, 15 : 16 : 69 and 16 : 17 : 67 in 1991, 1994 and 1997, respectively. KDDS(number of five food groups per day), Meal Balance(number of five food groups per meal), DVS(average numbers of foods per person), amount of foods correlated positively with all the nutrient intakes(p<0.05). KDDS was positively correlated with energy, protein, fat, calcium, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin(p<0.05)