ABSTRACT
Background: The 21-item English version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) has been proposed as a method for assessing self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress over the past week in various clinical and nonclinical populations. Several Malay versions of the DASS-21 have been validated in various populations with varying success. One particular Malay version has been validated in various occupational groups (such as nurses and automotive workers) but not among male clinic outpatient attendees in Malaysia. Objective: To validate the Malay version of the DASS-21 (Malay-DASS-21) among male outpatient clinic attendees in Johor. Methods: A validation study with a random sample of 402 male respondents attending the outpatient clinic of a major public outpatient clinic in Johor Bahru and Segamat was carried out from January to March 2016. Construct validity of the Malay-DASS-21 was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis (KMO = 0.947; Bartlett’s test of sphericity is significant, p<0.001) through Principal Component Analysis and orthogonal (varimax) rotation with Kaiser Normalization to confirm the psychometric properties of the Malay-DASS21 and the internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Construct validity of the Malay-DASS-21 based on eigenvalues and factor loadings to confirm the three factor structure (depression, anxiety, and stress) was acceptable. The internal consistency reliability of the factor construct was very impressive with Cronbach’s alpha values in the range of 0.837 to 0.863. Conclusions: The present study showed that the MalayDASS-21 has acceptable psychometric construct and high internal consistency reliability to measure self-perceived depression, anxiety and stress over the past week in male outpatient clinic attendees in Johor. Further studies are necessary to revalidate the Malay-DASS-21 across different populations and cultures, and using confirmatory factor analyses.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , DepressionABSTRACT
Objective To determine and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Chinese version of the hearing handicap inventory for the elderly screening (CHHIE -S) in China .Methods A total of 840 subjects were assessed with the CHHIE -S scale .The internal consistency reliability of the CHHIE -S was evaluated according to the scale scores of each item .All participants finished pure -tone audiometry test with frequencies of 0 .5 ,1 .0 , 2 .0 ,and 4 .0 kHz .The CHHIE-S'sensitivity ,specificity ,and co -relationship with different degrees of hearing loss were analyzed according to the American Speech -Language-Hearing Associations draft guidelines that sug‐gested a total HHIE -S cut-off points>8 as indicating the presence of hearing handicap .Results ①The CHHIE-S showed a high internal consistency reliability ( Cronbach's α was 0 .85 );② For the detection of hearing loss PTA>25 dB HL (i .e .,pure tone average at 0 .5~4 kHz frequencies >25 dB) ,the HHIE-S cut-off score of >8 had a sensitivity of 45 .8% and a specificity of 97 .7% ;PTA>40 dB HL had a sensitivity of 74 .6% and a specificity of 83 .0% ;and PTA>60 dB HL had a sensitivity of 96 .7% and a specificity of 41 .4% ;③The correlation between CHHIE -S score and hearing loss with PTA >25 dB HL ,PTA>40 dB HL ,and PTA>60 dB HL were 0 .186 , 0 .392 and 0 .370 ,respectively .Conclusion The CHHIE-S had good internal consistency reliability .Both sensitivity and specificity were better when PTA > 40 dB HL as goal to screen elder people for hearing loss .