Consideraciones metodológicas sobre investigaciones sensibles en metodología cualitativa / Considerações metodológicas sobre investigação sensível em metodologia qualitativa / Methodological considerations for sensitive research on qualitative methodology

Algunos/as autores/as estudian y reconocen la dificultad emocional, por parte de quienes participan en investigaciones científicas, de revivir y relatar historias cuando estas se producen en contextos de violencia sea en el ámbito que sea (escuela, pareja, trabajo, etc.). El presente trabajo expone las dificultades metodológicas surgidas en el marco de una investigación cualitativa sobre la violencia laboral en dos países, Brasil y España. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer a la comunidad científica y política un conjunto de estrategias metodológicas para sortear los obstáculos que aparecen en la realización de una investigación con temática sensible. Las conclusiones de este trabajo indican que es necesario revisar las prácticas metodológicas que se llevan a cabo durante el diseño e implementación del estudio, pues esto puede evitar un perjuicio a los/las participantes e investigadores/as...(AU)

Alguns autores estudam e reconhecem a dificuldade emocional, por parte daqueles que participam de pesquisas científicas, de reviver e contar histórias quando estas ocorrem em contextos de violência em qualquer ambiente (escola, casal, trabalho etc.). O presente trabalho expõe as dificuldades metodológicas que surgiram no âmbito de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre violência no trabalho em dois países, Brasil e Espanha. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer à comunidade científica e política um conjunto de estratégias metodológicas para superar os obstáculos que surgem na realização de pesquisas sobre temas sensíveis. As conclusões deste trabalho indicam que é necessário rever as práticas metodológicas que são realizadas durante o desenho e implementação do estudo, pois isso pode evitar danos aos participantes e pesquisadores...(AU)

Some authors study and recognize the emotional difficulty, on the part of those who participate in scientific research, of reliving and telling stories when these occur in contexts of violence in any environment (school, couple, work, etc.). The present work exposes the methodological difficulties that arose in the framework of a qualitative research on workplace violence in two countries, Brazil and Spain. The aim of this article is to offer the scientific and political community a set of methodological strategies for overcoming the obstacles that appear in carrying out research on sensitive subjects. The conclusions of this work indicate that it is necessary to review the methodological practices that are carried out during the design and implementation of the study, as this may avoid harm to participants and researchers...(AU)

Consideraciones Metodológicas sobre Investigaciones Sensibles en Metodología Cualitativa / Considerações Metodológicas sobre Investigação Sensível em Metodologia Qualitativa / Methodological Considerations for Sensitive Research on Qualitative Methodology

Algunos/as autores/as estudian y reconocen la dificultad emocional, por parte de quienes participan en investigaciones científicas, de revivir y relatar historias cuando estas se producen en contextos de violencia sea en el ámbito que sea (escuela, pareja, trabajo, etc.). El presente trabajo expone las dificultades metodológicas surgidas en el marco de una investigación cualitativa sobre la violencia laboral en dos países, Brasil y España. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer a la comunidad científica y política un conjunto de estrategias metodológicas para sortear los obstáculos que aparecen en la realización de una investigación con temática sensible. Las conclusiones de este trabajo indican que es necesario revisar las prácticas metodológicas que se llevan a cabo durante el diseño e implementación del estudio, pues esto puede evitar un perjuicio a los/las participantes e investigadores/as.

Alguns autores estudam e reconhecem a dificuldade emocional, por parte daqueles que participam de pesquisas científicas, de reviver e contar histórias quando estas ocorrem em contextos de violência em qualquer ambiente (escola, casal, trabalho etc.). O presente trabalho expõe as dificuldades metodológicas que surgiram no âmbito de uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre violência no trabalho em dois países, Brasil e Espanha. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer à comunidade científica e política um conjunto de estratégias metodológicas para superar os obstáculos que surgem na realização de pesquisas sobre temas sensíveis. As conclusões deste trabalho indicam que é necessário rever as práticas metodológicas que são realizadas durante o desenho e implementação do estudo, pois isso pode evitar danos aos participantes e pesquisadores.

Some authors study and recognize the emotional difficulty, on the part of those who participate in scientific research, of reliving and telling stories when these occur in contexts of violence in any environment (school, couple, work, etc.). The present work exposes the methodological difficulties that arose in the framework of a qualitative research on workplace violence in two countries, Brazil and Spain. The aim of this article is to offer the scientific and political community a set of methodological strategies for overcoming the obstacles that appear in carrying out research on sensitive subjects. The conclusions of this work indicate that it is necessary to review the methodological practices that are carried out during the design and implementation of the study, as this may avoid harm to participants and researchers.

Abordaje interdisciplinario del tabaquismo en la consulta odontológica: Aplicación de técnicas de intervención psicológicas / Interdisciplinary Approach to Smoking in Dental Practice: Psychological Intervention Techniques Application

Resumen Actualmente, en la comunidad odontológica existe confusión y duda sobre la extensión de la responsabilidad del profesional en la intervención y prevención del tabaquismo, lo cual se podría atribuir, en gran medida, al desconocimiento al respecto. Sin embargo, el odontólogo tiene el compromiso de participar activamente en esta adicción como parte del tratamiento bucodental. Por lo tanto, este artículo presenta una revisión actualizada de la literatura internacional relacionada con el tabaquismo desde la perspectiva de la consulta odontológica, enfocada al empleo de estrategias psicológicas para ofrecer un abordaje interdisciplinario, donde se enmarca el rol del odontólogo y su equipo de trabajo. De esta forma, la psicología de la salud ofrece diversas técnicas de intervención que resultan altamente efectivas para reducir o eliminar el tabaquismo, a saber: entrevista motivacional, exposición con prevención de respuesta, control de estímulos, entrenamiento en solución de problemas, terapia cognitivo-conductual, entrenamiento progresivo en reducción de la ansiedad y el estrés, entrenamiento en habilidades sociales, manejo de la ira y la agresividad, manejo de contingencias, autocontrol, técnicas de estimulación aversiva, técnica de reducción gradual de ingestión de nicotina y alquitrán (RGINA), terapia de pareja y familiar para atender situaciones de conflictos en relaciones interpersonales y terapia grupal.

Abstract Currently, in the dental community there is confusion and doubt about the extent of professional responsibility in the intervention and prevention of smoking, which could be attributed, to a large extent, to lack of knowledge about it. However, the dentist is committed to actively participate in this addiction as part of oral treatment. Therefore, this article presents an updated review of the international literature related to smoking from the perspective of dental consultation, focused on the use of psychological strategies to offer an interdisciplinary approach, which frames the role of the dentist and his team. In this way, health psychology offers several intervention techniques that are highly effective in reducing or eliminating smoking, namely: motivational interviewing, response prevention, stimulus control, problem solving training, cognitive-behavioral, progressive training in anxiety and stress reduction, social skills training, anger management and aggressiveness, contingency management, self-control, aversive stimulation techniques, gradual reduction technique of nicotine and tar consumption (RGINA), couple and family therapy to deal with conflict situations in interpersonal relationships and group therapy.

A qualitative research of leaders' intervention techniques in process of unstructured group counseling / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To explore the intervention techniques of group counseling leader ("group leader") during group counseling process. Methods: The analysis material of intervention techniques was 11 sessions in two unstructured counseling groups. The analysis unit was every dialogue paragraph in the leader'soral response in the group counseling process. And the leaders' intervention techniques emerging in the video and verbatim transcription were coded according to adapted coding manual. Results: Totally 48 types of techniques were identified, that were grouped into 4 categories, including basic communication and reaction technique, exploring and influencing technique, facilitating technique, action and intervention technique. From the perspective of the single group counseling activity, techniques of basic communication and reaction were used more in the early and middle stage of an activity. Techniques of exploring and influencing and techniques of action and intervention were used more in the middle and later stage. And facilitating techniques were more used in the early and later stage. From the perspective of the whole grouping counseling process, techniques of basic communication and reaction and techniques of exploring and influencing were two primary types of intervention techniques. Frequency of using exploring and influencing techniques reached its peak in the intermediate stage of the group counseling process. The use of facilitating technology was gradually reduced. Conclusions: Techniques of basic communication and reaction are basic intervention techniques in group counseling, while techniques of exploring and influencing and techniques of action and intervention could be used on the basis of the development of the group. And facilitating techniques could facilitate to open the group and deepen the achievement of group counseling.

Abordaje de la ansiedad del paciente adulto en la consulta odontológica: propuesta interdisciplinaria

La ansiedad es un trastorno complejo y multifactorial que puede implicar el deterioro de la salud bucal de los pacientes que la padecen. En la actualidad, la mayoría de los pacientes experimenta algún grado de ansiedad ante los procedimientos de índole odontológico. De esta forma, el odontólogo y su equipo deben estar entrenados y capacitados para reconocer los signos y síntomas clínicos asociados a la ansiedad que pueden presentar sus pacientes. Asimismo, tienen que estar familiarizados con diversas técnicas de intervención para contener situaciones de ansiedad ante la consulta odontológica (relajación muscular progresiva de Jacobson, musicoterapia, reestructuración cognitiva - percepción de control y psicoeducación). Resulta necesario lograr una visión interdisciplinaria entre la Odontología y la Psicología clínica, donde los conocimientos psicológicos mejoren la calidad de los tratamientos dentales de los pacientes que padecen trastornos de ansiedad.

Anxiety is a complex and multifactorial disorder that may involve the deterioration of oral health of patients who have it. At present, most patients experience some degree of anxiety such dental procedures. Thus, the dentist and his team must be trained and trained to recognize the signs and symptoms associated clinical anxiety can present their patients. The dentist needs to be familiar with various psychologycal intervention techniques to contain situations of anxiety about dental practice (progressive muscle relaxation, music therapy, cognitive restructuring - perceived control and psychoeducation). It is necessary to achieve an interdisciplinary approach between dentistry and clinical psychology, where psychological knowledge to improve the quality of dental treatment of patients suffering from anxiety disorders.

Diffusion of innovations theory in promoting the knowledge and technology for birth defects prevention / 中华医院管理杂志

Determining the approach to spread the knowledge and technology for preventing birth defects using the diffusion of innovations theory.Identifying the target group,orientation messages and promotion guidelines based on related literature,laws and clinical epidemiology studies.Pathways integrating both inter-personal communication and IT have pushed the adoption percentage of innovative knowledge for preventing birth defects up from 0％ to 97 ％ in almost no time,helping the region ranking the first in China.The innovation diffusion model has caught attention of both the government and all the community.Prevention measures against birth defects are accepted community wide,while medical workers are regulated by law in their behaviors of mothers and children healthcare services to set a model for prevention of other diseases.

Pallative procedures combined with intervention techniques for tetralogy of Fallot with severe hypoplastic pulmonary artery / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the results of palliative procedures combined with intervention techniques for tetralogy of Fallot with severe hypoplastic pulmonary artery.Methods From December 2002 to Decembre 2009,complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot were performed in 1586 patients including 18 cases ( 12 male and 6 female) with severe hypoplastic pulmonary artery after 8 - 40 (20 + 11 ) month of palliative operations.The patients'age and body weight were 12 - 72 months and 8.0 - 16.5 kg at the time of complete repair.Associated cardiac anomalies include 3 cases of atrial septal defect,2 cases of absence of left pulmonary artery,1 case of the left pulmonary artery arising from the aorta,1 case of left superior vena cava.Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were confirmed by angiography in 7 patients.Palliative operation was performed once in 13cases,twice in 4 cases and thrird in 1 patient before complete repair.Palliative operations included 14 procedures of Blalock-Taussig shunt,6 of Waterston shunt,3 of right ventricle outflow tract reconstruction and 3 of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries were ligated in 4 cases,unifocalized in 1 and interventional embolized in 2 before complete repair.Results There was no early death.One reoperation was performed because of the obstruction of vascular prosthesis in the next day of shunt operation.Nakata index [ (84 ±40) versus (200 ±81 )] and McGoon ratio were increased after complete repair as compared with before operation [ ( 1.14 + 0.33 ) versus ( 1.77 + 0.51 ),P ＜ 0.001 ].Hemoglobin decreased from ( 175 ±46) g/L to ( 149 ± 15 ) g/L (P ＜0.05) and peripheral oxygen saturation increased from (71 ±9)％ to ( 86 ± 5 ) ％ ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Complete repair were performed in all 18 patients eventually.Conclusion Palliative procedures combined with intervention techniques may ameliorate the growth of pulmonary artery effectively and improve the results of complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot with severe hypoplastic pulmonarv arterv.

Pancreatite aguda / Acute pancreatitis

A pancreatite aguda se caracteriza pela ativação precoce das enzimas digestivas pancreáticas, ainda no interior das células acinares, evento capaz de desencadear uma resposta inflamatória auto-sustentada, que pode culminar com falência orgânica múltipla. Cerca de 70% dos pacientes desenvolvem a forma branda edematosa da doença, que se apresenta como uma condição autolimitada. No entanto, a forma grave da moléstia, na qual há necrose pancreática, está relacionada à elevada letalidade, especialmente se houver infecção associada. Em busca de diminuir a morbidade desta condição, tornou-se fundamental que o diagnóstico seja feito com rapidez e segurança, de modo a definir o tratamento mais adequado para cada paciente. Desse modo, o conhecimento dos aspectos mais importantes relacionados à fisiopatologia, ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento da pancreatite aguda é fundamental para seu adequado manejo. Revisar, pois, tais assuntos é o escopo do presente artigo.