Diagnosis and treatment of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction / 中国实用外科杂志

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction(CIPO)is a rare but serious intestinal dyskinesia characterized by impaired bowel motor function in the absence of mechanical intestinal obstruction. CIPO may be caused by primary and secondary factors that damage the enteric nervous system(neuropathy),smooth muscle(myopathy),and/or Cajal interstitial cells(interstitial disease). CIPO is extremely easy to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.The treatment of CIPO is very difficult.It is based on nutritional support,medicine and surgical treatment.At present,the occurrence,development and treatment of intestinal micro-ecology in CIPO has gradually attracted attention and may become a new treatment method for CIPO.

Optimization of extraction process of total triterpenoid from root of Rose odorata var.gigantean by orthogonal test and its inhibitory effect on contraction of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle / 药物评价研究

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of total triterpenoid from root of Rose odorata var.gigantean (TTROG) by orthogonal test combined with the contraction effect of TTROG on the isolated intestinal smooth muscle of rats in vitro.Methods UV spectrophotometric method was used to determine the contents of total triterpenoids in the TTROG extractive at the wavelength of 550 nm by taking ursolic acid as standard substance,and vanillin acetic acid as chromogenic reagent.The extraction rate of total triterpenoids was used as index to evaluate the technology based on single factor test,in which three factors were considered as follows:the concentration of extraction solvent,ratio of material to liquid,extraction time,and their interaction on extraction were studied by orthogonal experimental design.The inhibition effect of different extracts obtained from the optimized extraction process on the contraction of intestinal smooth muscle were recorded by tension transducer to the BL-420 biological experimental multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system.The extraction process of TTROG was evaluated by the combination of biological activity and extraction rate with weighting method.Results The optimal extraction conditions of TTROG were as follows:extraction solvent 80％ ethanol,solid-liquid ratio 1∶10,extraction time for 2 h,three times and extraction temperature of 80 ℃.The optimized extraction rate could reach 42.12 mg/g.TTROG obtained using the optimized method showed significantly contraction effect on rat intestinal smooth muscle with dose effect dependence,and the effect on jejunum was the strongest,and the inhibition rate was 41.96％.Conclusion The optimized extraction technology is stable and effective with high extraction rate.TTROG showed the significant inhibitory function on contraction of isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle.

Optimization of extraction technology of total saponins from Patrinia scabiosaefolia by response surface method and its contraction effect on isolated rat intestinal smooth muscle / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the extraction technology for total saponins from Patrinia scabiosaefolia (TSPS) by response surface method. At the same time, the function of promoting intestinal peristalsis by total saponins was investigated. Methods: UV spectrophotometric method was used to determine the contents of total saponins in P. scabiosaefolia at the wavelength of 510 nm by taking oleanolic acid as standard substance, and vanillin acetic acid as chromogenic reagent. The extraction rate of total saponins was used as index to evaluate the technology based on single factor test, in which three factors were considered the concentration of extraction solvent, solid-liquid ratio, extraction time, and their interaction on extraction were studied by response surface method. The contraction effect and signal changes of total saponins extract of P. scabiosaefolia on intestinal smooth muscle were recorded by tension transducer to the BL-420 biological experimental multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system. Results: The best extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration of 75% alcohol, solid-liquid ratio of 1:12, extraction time for 1.5 h, twice and extraction temperature of 90℃. The optimized extraction rate could reach 10.96 mg/g. P. scabiosaefolia extracts obtained using the optimized method showed significantly contraction effect on rat intestinal smooth muscle and the results were displayed as: colon > colon>jejunum>duodenum. The concentration at 0.32 mg/mL has the best effect of gastrointestinal contraction. Conclusion: The optimized extraction technology is stable and effective, and with higher extraction rate. The extract of P. scabiosaefolia has a significant promotion effect on intestinal smooth muscle of rat, which shows positive correlation with the rate of extract.

Spent culture supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus influences contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle of rabbits / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the influence of spent culture supernatant (SCS) of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LA14 on the contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle and to discuss the related mechanism. Methods: The ileum samples of rabbits were prepared and the contraction frequency and amplitude of intestinal smooth muscle were observed as the normal control. Then the SCS, bacterium suspension, and SCS with bacterium suspension were added by an accumulative dose to the culture media (0.3 ml per times, at an interval of 6 min), respectively. Four minutes after each administration, the contractive curves were recorded for 2 min. The influences of various groups of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the contraction of isolated intestinal smooth muscle were observed. The effect of SCS on M cholinoceptor was observed by adding in order pilocarpine, atropine or SCS, and pilocarpine. Results: After continuous administration of SCS or SCS with bacterium suspension (0.6-1.5 ml), the contraction frequency of the intestinal smooth muscle was significantly lowered compared with before administration (P0.05). Within the range of 0.3-1.5 ml, the SCS, bacterium suspension, and SCS with bacterium suspension resulted in no significant difference in reducing the contraction amplitude, except for SCS with bacterium suspension at 1.5 ml(P<0.05). SCS or atropine significantly inhibited pilocarpine-induced increase of contraction amplitude(P<0.05 or P<0.01). SCS also reduced the contraction frequency of the intestinal smooth muscle(P<0.01). Conclusion: SCS of Lactobacillus acidophilus may inhibit the peristalsis of the intestinal smooth muscle of rabbits by blocking M cholinoceptor.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Carbon Monoxide-Induced Stimulation of L-type Calcium Currents in Human Jejunal Smooth Muscle Cells

Exogenous carbon monoxide (0.2%) increases L-type calcium (Ca2+) current in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. The stimulatory effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on L-type Ca2+ current is inhibited by pre-application of L-NNA, a classical competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with no significant isoform selectivity (Lim, 2003). In the present study, we investigated which isoform of NOS affected CO induced stimulation of L-type Ca2+ current in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. Cells were voltage clamped by whole-cell mode patch clamp technique, and membrane currents were recorded with 10 mM barium as the charge carrier. Before the addition of CO, cells were pretreated with each inhibitor of three NOS isoforms for 15 minutes. CO-stimulating effect on L-type Ca2+ current was partially blocked by N- (3- (Amino-methyl) benzyl) acetamidine-2HCl (1400W, an iNOS inhibitor). On the other hand, 3-bromo-7-nitroindazole (BNI, a nNOS inhibitor) or N5- (1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine dihydrochloride (L-NIO, an eNOS inhibitor) completely blocked the CO effect. These data suggest that low dose of exogenous CO may stimulate all NOS isoforms to increase L-type Ca2+ channel through nitric oxide (NO) pathway in human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells.

The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on L-type Calcium Channel Currents in Human Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells

Carbon monoxide (CO) is low molecular weight oxide gas that is endogenously produced under physiological conditions and interacts with another gas, nitric oxide (NO), to act as a gastrointestinal messenger. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous CO on L-type calcium channel currents of human jejunal circular smooth muscle cells. Cells were voltage clamped with 10 mM barium (Ba2+) as the charge carrier, and CO was directly applied into the bath to avoid perfusion induced effects on the recorded currents. 0.2% CO was increased barium current (I (Ba) ) by 15+/-2% (mean+/-S.E., p 0.05). CO mediates inhibitory neurotransmission through the nitric oxide pathway. Therefore, to determine if the effects of CO on L-calcium channels were also mediated through NO, cells were incubated with N (G) -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 1 mM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. After L-NNA pretreatment, 0.2 % CO did not increase barium current (4+/-2% increase, n=6, p> 0.05). NO donor, SNAP (20 microM) increased barium current by 13+/-2% (n=6, p< 0.05) in human jejunal smooth muscle cells. These data suggest that CO activates L-type calcium channels through NO/cGMP dependant mechanism.

Effects of Folium Crataegi Water Extract on the Contractility of Isolated Gastric and Intestinal Muscle Strips in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Folium Crataegi water extract on contractility of isolated gastric and intestinal smooth muscle strips in rats. METHODS: The effects of Folium Crataegi water extract on the contractility of isolated rat gastric and intestinal smooth muscle strips in the presence of normal Krebs’ solution, acetylcholine or atropine were investigated. RESULTS:Folium Crataegi water extract (5～20 mg?mL-1)significantly enhanced the contractility of rat gastric and intestinal smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner, and Folium Crataegi water extract (20 mg?mL-1) could enhance the intensive contraction induced by acetylcholine and antagonize the relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle induced by atropine. CONCLUSION:Folium Crataegi water extract has remarkable stimulation on the contractility of isolated rat gastric and intestinal smooth muscle strips.

The effect of carbon monoxide on contraction, cytosolic Ca2+ level and ionic currents in guinea pig ileal smooth muscle

The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the inhibitory action of carbon monoxide (CO) on contraction, by measuring cytosolic Ca2+ level ((Ca2+)i) and ionic currents in guinea-pig ileum. CO (10%) inhibited 40 mM KCl-induced contraction and this effect was blocked by ODQ (1 micrometer), a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor. CO inhibited the 40 mM KCl-induced contraction without changing (Ca2+)i. Cumulative addition of KCl induced a graded increase in (Ca2+)i and muscle tension. In the presence of CO, cumulative addition of KCl induced smaller contraction than in the absence of CO. On the other hand, the increase in (Ca2+)i induced by cumulative addition of KCl was only slightly decreased in the presence of CO, and the (Ca2+)i-tension relationship shifted downwards. Using the patch clamp technique with a holding potential of -60 mV, we found that CO had little effect on the peak Ba currents (IBa) when voltage was stepped from -60 mV to 0 mV. In addition, CO showed no effect on the depolarization-activated outward K+ currents in the all potential ranges. We conclude that CO inhibits smooth muscle contraction mainly by decreasing the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile elements via a cGMP-dependent pathway, not by involving L-type Ca2+ and outward-potassium currents in guinea-pig ileum.