Immune persistence following intradermal vaccination with fractional dose of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular component pertussis and Sabin-derived inactivated poliovirus vaccine / 中国生物制品学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the immune persistence following intradermal(ID) vaccination with diphtheria-tetanusacellular component pertussis and Sabin-derived inactivated poliovirus vaccine(DTacP-sIPV).@*Methods@#40 wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups.Two test groups were injected intradermally with fractional-doses(1/5 and 1/10dose) of DTacP-sIPV(1/5D ID and 1/10D ID group);The positive control group was intramuscularly injected with full dose of DTacP-sIPV(full-dose IM group);The negative control group was injected with PBS intradermally.Wistar rats were immunized 3 times at 0,1 and 2 months and the blood samples were collected via tail vein 12 months after the last immunization and the serum samples were isolated.The titer of neutralizing antibody against poliovirus was detected by micro-neutralization test,and the titers of IgG antibodies against diphtheria toxin(DT),tetanus toxin(TT),pertussis toxin(PT),filamentous hemagglutinin(FHA) and pertactin(PRN) in rat serum were detected by indirect ELISA.The geometric mean titer(GMT)and positive rate of antibody were calculated.The rats were challenged with aerosolized B.pertussis for 30 min 12 months after the last immunization and determined for the white blood cell(WBC) count and colony-forming unit(CFU) in lung,trachea and nose at day 2,5 and 14 after challenge.@*Results@#Compared with the full-dose IM group,there was no significant difference in the positive rates of poliovirus type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ neutralizing antibodies between 1/5D ID and 1/10D ID groups(each P> 0.05) and the positive rates of all types of antibodies in the control group were 0.The positive rates of IgG antibodies against DT,TT,PT,FHA and PRN in 1/5D ID,1/10D ID and full-dose IM groups were all 100%,and those in control group were all 0.Compared with 2 d after challenge,the WBC counts of rats in control group increased significantly 5 d after aerosol challenge with B.pertussis(F=3.48,P <0.05),and then began to decrease,while those in other groups remained stable with time(F=0.14～1.30,P> 0.05).After aerosol challenge,the CFU in lungs of rats in control group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups(F=19.00～206.00,P<0.05),and B.pertussis was still detected 14 d after challenge;Except for the control group,the bacterial load in lungs of rats in the other three groups reached the peak 5d after challenge,the B.pertussis was basically cleared on the 14d,and there was no significant difference among the groups at each time point(F=1.14～1.25,P> 0.05).The bacterial load of trachea and nose in the control group was slightly higher than that in other groups at each time point,but the difference was not significant(F=0.71～3.54,P> 0.05).Except for the control group,the bacterial load in the trachea and nose of the other three groups were similar,and no significant difference was observed(F=0.75～3.41,P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#ID immunization with1/5 dose of DTacP-sIPV induced persistent protective antibodies against various components of the vaccine in rats.This study provided an experimental basis for the formulation of immunization strategy of ID immunization with fractional dose of DTacP-sIPV.

Observation on efficacy of thumbtack needle combined with pediatric Tuina for constipation in children caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of thumbtack needles combined with pediatric Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) for constipation in children caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation.Methods: A total of 60 children with constipation caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation were randomly divided into a combined group and a Tuina group, with 30 cases in each group. The cases in the Tuina group were treated with pediatric Tuina, while those in the combined group were treated with additional thumbtack needle therapy. We observed the clinical efficacy and the change in the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week before and after treatment. Results: After treatment, the cure rate and the total effective rate in the combined group were higher than in the Tuina group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with the same group before treatment, the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week in both groups increased after treatment (P<0.05). With the progression of treatment, the number of spontaneous bowel movements per week increased in both groups, and the number in the combined group was more than that in the Tuina group, showing statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion: Thumbtack needles combined with pediatric Tuina is more effective than pediatric Tuina alone in the treatment of constipation in children caused by liver depression and Qi stagnation.

Clinical effects of botulinum toxin A intradermal injection in treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, 30 patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea were treated in the Department of Dermatology at Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. There were 26 females and 4 males, the age range from 23 to 42 years, with the average (30.9±5.7) years. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and given intradermal injection of botulinum toxin A. In detail, 0.25 U and 0.5 U was injected at each point in the low and high concentration group of BTX-A. The clinician erythema assessment (CEA) scores were recorded before treatment and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The standard grading system scores for rosacea were recorded before treatment and at 12 weeks after treatment.Results:Both treatments could significantly reduce CEA scores, but the declined degree was more significant ( P<0.05), the onset time was shorter and the duration of efficacy was longer in the high concentration group. The scores of flushing, persistent erythema, burning sensation, stinging sensation and the total score of the standard grading system for rosacea after treatment in both two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (high concentration group: t=5.00, 5.93, 4.10, 2.74, 12.37; low concentration group: t=6.17, 4.12, 2.87, 2.81, 7.88; P<0.05), and the improvement in high concentration group was significantly more than that in low concentration group ( t=2.02, 2.31, 2.15, 2.56, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall effective rate between the two treatments ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Intradermal injection of BTX-A is safe and effective in the treatment of rosacea. Compared with the low concentration group, the efficacy is better, the onset time is shorter and the duration of efficacy is longer in the high concentration group.

Effect of intradermal needling combined with oral motor therapy for salivation in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of combination of intradermal needling with oral motor therapy and simple oral motor therapy on salivation in children with cerebral palsy.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with salivation in cerebral palsy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with intradermal needling (kept for 24 hours each time at Jiache [ST 6], Dicang [ST 4], tongue three needles, etc. ) and oral motor therapy, while the control group was only given oral motor therapy. The intradermal needling was performed 3 times a week, and oral motor therapy was performed 5 times a week, 4 weeks as a course, totally 3 courses of treatment were required. The classification of teacher drooling scale (TDS), drooling severity and Kubota water swallow test, dysphagia disorders survey (DDS) score were compared before treatment and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment in both groups, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After 8 weeks of treatment in the observation group and after 12 weeks of treatment in the two groups, the classification of TDS and drooling severity were improved (P<0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the DDS scores of oral period in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate in the observation group was 83.3% (25/30), which was higher than 53.3% (16/30) in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combination of intradermal needling with oral motor therapy can improve salivation symptoms and swallowing function in children with cerebral palsy, the effect is better than oral motor therapy alone, and the effect is earlier.

Utilidad del dermatoscopio en la correlación clínica e histológica de nevus pigmentados / Usefulness of Dermatoscopy in the clinical and histological correlation of Pigmented Nevi

Introducción: La precisión diagnóstica de los nevus pigmentados ha sido una constante preocupación por los dermatólogos. Objetivo: Identificar la utilidad del dermatoscopio en la correlación de las características clínicas y los patrones dermatoscópicos de nevus pigmentados y su asociación con el diagnóstico histológico. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, analítica, de tipo correlacional, con pacientes de la zona sur de Ciego de Ávila que acudieron a la consulta de dermatología del Hospital Provincial General Docente Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola en el periodo de abril 2017 a diciembre 2019. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino, el grupo de edad de 21 a 30 años, el fototipo II de piel y la zona expuesta (cara y V del escote) (18 ;35,3 por ciento) sin relación entre estas variables. El diagnóstico histológico de nevus de la unión se encontró asociado a la simetría (p < 0,004), la pigmentación homogénea (p < 0,000), así como al patrón dermatoscópico reticular (p < 0,000), globular (p < 0,002) y homogéneo (p < 0,008). El nevus intradérmico se observó asociado a la característica clínica de pigmentación homogénea (p < 0,007), y al patrón dermatoscópico reticular (p < 0,000) y homogéneo (p < 0,005). El nevus compuesto no presentó relación con las características clínicas ni dermatoscópicas. El nevus azul solo se correlacionó con el patrón dermatoscópico homogéneo (p < 0,025). Conclusión: Los patrones dermatoscópicos fueron útiles para el diagnóstico clínico e histológico de los nevus pigmentados(AU)

Introduction: The diagnostic precision of pigmented nevi has been a constant concern of dermatologists. Objective: To determine the usefulness of the Dermatoscope in the correlation of the clinical characteristics and the dermoscopic patterns of pigmented nevi and their association with the histological diagnosis. Methods: An analytical observational investigation of a correlational type was carried out in patients from the southern area of Ciego de Ávila who attended the Dermatology consultation at the Antonio Luaces Iraola Provincial Hospital in the period from April 2017 to December 2019. Results: The female sex, the age group of 21 to 30 years, skin phototype II and the exposed area (face and V of the neckline) (18; 35.3 percent) predominated with no relationship between these variables. The histological diagnosis of junctional nevus was found associated with symmetry (p <0.004), homogeneous pigmentation (p <0.000), as well as the reticular dermoscopic pattern (p <0.000), globular (p <0.002) and homogeneous (p <0.008). The intradermal nevus was observed associated with the clinical characteristic of homogeneous pigmentation (p <0.007), and with the reticular (p <0.000) and homogeneous (p <0.005) dermoscopic pattern. The composite nevus was not related to clinical or dermoscopic characteristics. The blue nevus only correlated with the homogeneous dermoscopic pattern (p <0.025). Conclusions: The dermoscopic patterns were useful for the clinical and histological diagnosis of pigmented nevi(AU)

Nevo dividido na região genital: relato de seis casos / Divided nevus in the genital region, report of six cases

Os nevos divididos ocorrem em áreas contíguas da pele e, em sua grande maioria, são lesões benignas. Relatamos seis casos de nevo dividido no pênis e seus respectivos padrões dermatoscópicos. Levando em consideração a localização dessas lesões, o acompanhamento clínico foi a melhor opção terapêutica para este grupo de pacientes

The divided nevi occur in contiguous areas of the skin that are mostly benign lesions. We report six cases of nevus divided on the penis and its dermoscopic patterns. Clinical follow-up was the best therapeutic option for this group of patients, considering the location of these lesions.

Exercício aeróbico intradialítico e o efeito sobre a pressão arterial de pacientes em hemodiálise: uma revisão integrativa / Intradialitic aerobic exercise and the effect of blood pressure of hemodialysis patients: an integrative review

Objetivo: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o efeito do exercício físico aeróbico na redução dos níveis de pressão arterial entre os pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial e insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento de hemodiálise. Método: a busca foi realizada no mês de maio de 2020 nas bases PUBMED, SCOPUS, LILACS, PEDro, PBi. Para a busca foram usados descritores e estratégias combinadas de buscas. Foi usado o recorte de 15 anos (janeiro/2005 a maio/2020). A partir dos critérios de exclusão e leitura dos artigos com potencial para inclusão foram encontrados um total de 876 documentos. Foram considerados os idiomas português, inglês, chinês, japonês, coreano devido a quantidade de trabalhos encontrados nos tais idiomas. Resultados: foram incluídos 13 artigos nesta pesquisa. Dentre os artigos incluídos, 6 artigos foram retirados da PUBMED, 3 artigos da Scopus, 2 artigos da plataforma PEDro e Lilacs cada, e apenas 1 artigo da PBi. Foram consideradas as profissões dos autores dos estudos, os conteúdos relacionados deveriam corresponder a DRC, HAS, HD e exercício físico aeróbico durante a HD. Conclusão: os resultados sintetizados neste estudo permitem reforçar que os exercícios físicos aeróbicos realizados durante a HD são essenciais para o tratamento e redução da PA e para a saúde em geral do paciente renal crônico

Objective: This is an integrative literature review on the effect of aerobic physical exercise in reducing blood pressure levels among patients diagnosed with hypertension and chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Method: a search was performed in May 2020 in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, LILACS, PEDro, PBi databases. For the search, descriptors and combined search strategies were used. The 15-year cut-off was used (January / 2005 to May / 2020). From the exclusion criteria and reading of articles with potential for inclusion, a total of 876 documents were found. Portuguese, English, Chinese, Japanese, Korean were considered due to the amount of works found in these languages. Results: 13 articles were included in this research. Among the articles included, 6 articles were taken from PUBMED, 3 articles from Scopus, 2 articles from the PEDro and Lilacs platform each, and only 1 article from PBi. Were considered as professions of the authors studies, the contents related to CKD, SAH, HD and aerobic exercise during HD. Conclusion: the results summarized in this study allow us to reinforce that aerobic physical exercises performed during HD are essential for the treatment and reduction of BP and for the general health of chronic renal patients

Clinical Efficacy of Sheti Zhiqiu Decoction Combined with Intradermal Needling in Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis with Deficient Cold of Lung Qi Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Sheti Zhiqiu decoction combined with intradermal needling in treatment of allergic rhinitis （AR） of deficient cold of lung Qi syndrome and its effect on cytokines of helper T cell 17 （Th17） and regulatory T cells （Treg）. Method:A total of 105 patients with AR of deficient cold of lung Qi syndrome were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） group， combination group and western medicine group， with 35 cases in each group. The TCM group was treated with Sheti Zhiqiu decoction， 1 dose a day. The combination group was treated with intradermal needling in addition to the therapy of the TCM group. The selected acupoints were Yintang， bilateral Yingxiang， Fengchi， Feishu and Zusanli. The needles were retained for 3 days before being replaced. The western medicine group was treated with mometasone furoate nasal spray， 100 μg/time at each side of the nasal cavity， <italic>qd</italic>， and desloratadine citrate tablet， 8.8 mg/time， <italic>qd</italic>. Three groups were treated for 4 weeks and followed up for 3 months. Nasal and ocular symptom scores and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire （RQLQ） scores of patients in three groups were observed before and after treatment. Levels of serum interleukin-17 （IL-17）， interleukin-10 （IL-10） and transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁ （TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁） were measured before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated， and the disease recurrence rate was observed during the follow-up period. Result:Compared with before treatment， nasal and ocular symptom scores and total score， and RQLQ scores and total score of patients in three groups were significantly decreased after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the TCM group and the western medicine group after treatment， except for eyes itching/foreign body sensation/red eyes score， nasal and ocular symptom scores and total score， and RQLQ scores and total score of the combination group were lower（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with before treatment， level of serum IL-17 of patients in three groups was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while levels of IL-10 and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ were significantly increased after treatment （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the TCM group and the western medicine group after treatment， level of serum IL-17 was lower， whereas levels of IL-10 and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ were higher in the combination group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The clinical efficacy of the combination group was better than that of the TCM medicine group and the western medicine group （Z=-2.207，Z=-2.185，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant difference in recurrence rate between combination group and the TCM group， and the recurrence rate of both groups was lower than that of the western medicine group（<italic>χ</italic>²=5.020，<italic>χ</italic>²=4.835，<italic>P</italic><0.05）. There was no significant adverse reaction during the treatment period in three groups. Conclusion:Sheti Zhiqiu decoction combined with intradermal needling is effective in treatment of patients with AR of deficient cold of lung Qi syndrome. It can significantly relieve patients' symptoms， improve patients' quality of life and reduce disease recurrence. It may play a role by regulating immune balance of Th17/Treg of patients and improving their immune function.

Different stimulation methods on auricular points for primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To prove the therapeutic effect of auricular intradermal needling and auricular point sticking on primary dysmenorrhea (PD), and to explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 90 patients with PD were randomized into an auricular intradermal needling group, an auricular point sticking group and a placebo group, 30 cases in each one. Neishengzhiqi (TF@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of CMSS, VAS and SAS were decreased at each time point of treatment in the auricular intradermal needling group, 2, 3 courses into treatment and at follow-up in the auricular point sticking group and 3 courses into treatment in the placebo group (@*CONCLUSION@#Auricular intradermal needling and auricular point sticking can both improve the clinical symptom of primary dysmenorrhea, relieve the pain and anxiety, their mechanism may be related to regulating the serum levels of PGF

Intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion for moderate to severe cancer pain / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion for moderate to severe cancer pain.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients with moderate to severe cancer pain were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group，30 cases in each one. In the control group，opioids were taken to relief pain according to the three-step analgesic method of World Health Organization. On the base of the treatment as the control group, intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion were applied at Neiguan (PC 6), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Taichong (LR 3), etc. in the observation group, 14 days of treatment were required. The equivalent morphine consumption at the first day and whole course, the scores of cancer quality of life questionnaire-C30 (QLQ-C30) and Hamilton anxiety scale before and after treatment, and the adverse reaction rate were compared in the two groups. The total analgesic effective rate was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The total analgesic effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group, higher than 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Intradermal needling combined with heat-sensitive moxibustion can reduce the dose of opioids, improve the quality of life, relief the anxiety in patients with moderate to severe cancer pain, and reduce the incidence of common adverse reaction of opioids.

Osteonevus of Nanta: a case report in a combined melanocytic nevus

Abstract Secondary osteoma cutis is a phenomenon that may occur in several conditions. When it occurs in a melanocytic nevus it is named osteonevus of Nanta, an event considered uncommon and characterized by the presence of bone formation adjacent or interposed with melanocytic cells. There are reports of its occurrence in various melanocytic lesions, being more frequently associated with intradermal nevus. We report a case of osteonevus of Nanta in combined nevus, possibly the first description of this association.

Induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis shows the different phenotype of disease in C57BL / 6 mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35￣55 / 解剖学报

Objective To establish an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in female C57BL / 6 mice aged 6-8 weeks and investigate its disease phenotype so as to build a better animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) . Methods The EAE model was established in 50 female C57BL / 6 mice through intradermal injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide. We assessed the disease progression daily according to a 15-point score for 90 days, and further observed the brain lesions in terms of pathology. Results There were three courses of disease in the EAE model: chronic course (3 mice), relapse and remission course (7 mice) and monophasic course (11 mice) . Interestingly, we identified some mice (28 mice) had changes in coat color, mental and motor activity, as well as inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the brain tissue although their neurological functions were scored as 0 point. Conclusion The EAE model in C57BL / 6 female mice shows disease phenotype similar to multiple sclerosis and can be used as a good animal model.

Effects of intradermal needle therapy plus pinaverium bromide on gastrointestinal hormone levels in irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea patients / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy difference in treating irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea (IBS-D) of liver-qi stagnation and spleen-deficiency pattern with different treatment protocols, and the effects on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), for unveiling the mechanism of intradermal needle therapy plus pinaverium bromide in treating IBS-D. Methods: A total of 123 IBS-D patients were divided into an observation group, a Western medication group and an integrated Western and Chinese medication group using the random number table method, with 41 cases in each group. The Western medication group was given oral pinaverium bromide, 50 mg each time and 3 times a day. The integrated Western and Chinese medication group was given additional Chinese herbal medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang, one dose each day. The observation group was given additional intradermal needle therapy on the basis of the Western medication group. The whole intervention lasted for 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of gastrointestinal symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS) and IBS quality of life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire, as well as the serum levels of 5-HT, SP and VIP were observed. The clinical efficacy was estimated. Results: The total effective rate was 92.7％ in the observation group, 68.3％ in the Western medication group and 78.1％ in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group. The total effective rate was higher in the observation group than in the other two groups, and higher in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group, showing statistical significance (all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of gastrointestinal symptoms, TCM symptoms and IBS-SSS showed significant decreases in the three groups, presenting statistical significance compared with the baseline (all P<0.05); the scores of gastrointestinal symptoms, TCM symptoms and IBS-SSS were notably lower in the observation group than in the other two groups (all P<0.05), and lower in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the eight component scores of IBS-QOL showed significant increases in the three groups compared with the baseline (all P<0.05); the eight component scores in IBS-QOL were significantly higher in the observation group than in the other two groups (all P<0.05), and higher in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of 5-HT, SP and VIP decreased markedly in the three groups compared with the baseline (all P<0.05); the serum levels of 5-HT, SP and VIP were significantly lower in the observation group than in the other two groups (all P<0.05), and lower in the integrated Western and Chinese medication group than in the Western medication group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with intradermal needle therapy plus pinaverium bromide results in significant improvements in the gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life in patients with IBS-D of liver-qi stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern, and effectively regulates the gastrointestinal hormone production.

Clinical study of thumb-tack needle therapy for cervical radiculopathy based onmeridian differentiation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and eligibility of thumb-tack needle therapy based on meridian differentiation in treating cervical radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 70 patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 35 cases in each group. Patients in the control group received thumb-tack needle based on conventional point selection, while those in the observation group received thumb-tack needle according to meridian differentiation. The visual analog scale (VAS) and clinical symptom scores in the two groups were compared before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two treatments was observed. Results: After treatment, the VAS score in both groups dropped significantly (both P<0.01), and the VAS score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The clinical symptoms score in both groups dropped significantly (all P<0.01), and the clinical symptoms score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thumb-tack needle therapy based on meridian differentiation can reduce pain score, improve clinical symptoms in patients with cervical radiculopathy, and produce more significant efficacy compared with conventional thumb-tack needle therapy.

Clinical study on intradermal needle therapy in treating urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of intradermal needle therapy for urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery. Methods: A total of 100 patients with urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery were randomized into a control group and an observation group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with basic nursing only, and the observation group was treated with additional intradermal needle therapy. Both groups were treated for 2 courses of treatment. The main symptom scores and residual urine volume of the two groups were observed before and after treatment, and the inpatient time, catheter indwelling time and the clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate was 96.0％ in the observation group and 88.0％ in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the main symptom scores and residual urine volume in both groups decreased significantly (all P<0.05), and the scores and residual urine volume in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). The inpatient time and catheter indwelling time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Intradermal needle therapy has an obvious effect in improving symptoms of urinary retention after cervical cancer surgery, and the effect is significantly more persistent than that of simple basic nursing.

Clinical experience of professor 's external treatment of supporting the middle for pediatric diseases / 中国针灸

It is well believed that children's spleen is often insufficient, as the structure and of spleen-stomach are incomplete. The deficiency of spleen-stomach plays an important role in the occurrence, development and pathogenesis of pediatric diseases. Professor has inherited the academic thought of , a famous physician of TCM, and proposed the external treatment method of "supporting the middle". This method emphasizes the constant care of the spleen-stomach of children in the aspect of acupoint selection, and adoptes the external treatment of children's , supporting- cupping therapy (including warming , warming moxibustion and warm scrapping), acupuncture (including abdominal acupuncture, intradermal needling) to treat children's diseases of spleen, lung, kidney and others, which has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Potencial do teste IGRA (Interferon Gama Release Assay) para o diagnóstico de tuberculose ocular. Revisão e análise comparativa com o teste tuberculínico cutâneo (PPD) / The potential of the IGRA (Interferon Gamma Release Assay) test for the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis. Review and comparative analysis with the tuberculosis skin test

Resumo A detecção precisa da infecção latente por tuberculose está se tornando cada vez mais importante devido ao aumento do uso de medicamentos imunossupressores e da epidemia do vírus da imunodeficiência humana, o que aumentou o risco de reativação à tuberculose ativa (TB). O Teste IGRA QuantiFERON® TB Gold apresenta vantagens frente ao teste de PPD como por exemplo, requer somente uma coleta de amostra sanguínea ; não há necessidade que o paciente retorne ao laboratório para leitura e interpretação dos resultados; Os resultados são objetivos, não requerem interpretação do leitor ou interferência de critérios subjetivos; trata-se de um teste in vitro, portanto não há "efeito booster" (potenciação da reação tuberculínica); o teste não é afetado por vacinação prévia por BCG ou infecção por outras espécies de micobactérias. Limitações são descritas, apesar de raras, como reações cruzadas deste método com infecções por algumas espécies de micobactérias não-tuberculosis (incluindo Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium szulgai e Mycobacterium marinum). Ainda há poucos dados sobre o teste IGRA em certas populações, como por exemplo, em crianças, pacientes imunocomprometidos e mulheres grávidas. Nestes grupos, a interpretação do teste pode ser difícil e mais estudos se fazem necessários.

Abstract Precise detection of latent tuberculosis infection is becoming increasingly important due to increased use of immunosuppressive drugs and the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic , which increased the risk of reactivation to active tuberculosis (TB).The QuantiFERON® TB Gold IGRA Test has advantages over the skin test for TB, otherwise known as a Mantoux tuberculin test, for example, requires only a blood sample collection; there is no need for the patient to return to the laboratory for reading and interpretation of the results; The results are objective, do not require interpretation of the reader or interference of subjective criteria; it is an in vitro test, so there is no "booster effect" (potentiation of the tuberculin reaction); the test is not affected by prior BCG vaccination or infection with other species of mycobacteria. Limitations are described, although rare, as cross-reactions of this method with infections by some species of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium marinum). There is still little data on the IGRA test in certain populations, such as in children, immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. In these groups, the interpretation of the test can be difficult and more studies are needed.

Diffusion ranges in human cutaneous tissue of botulinum toxin with two different concentrations / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective The recommended concentration of botulinum toxin type A is 40 100 U/ml.This study observed diffusion areas of two different concentration (40 U/ml and 100 U/ml) of botulinum toxin type A with intradermal injection to provide data for clinical application.Methods Intradermal injections with two different concentrations of botulinum toxin type A were conducted in subjects' forearm,with each level 4 points,and 4U per point (40 U/ml as 0.1 ml,100 U/ml as 0.04 ml).Minor's tests were conducted in 2nd day,5th day,2nd week and every month between 1st to 9th month respectively.The anhidrosis areas were measured and then effects of both concentrations were compared.Results The round anhidrosis areas were found in 2nd day,reaching the maximum range nearly at 2nd week,and then gradually dimming from 6th month,and completely vanishing at 9th month.In different measured points,the definite anhidrosis areas of high concentration (100 u/ml) were 113,345,530,380,330,255,285,295 and 295 mm2 respectively,while the low concentration (40 u/ml) were 113,345,450,345,285,255,255,255 and 255 mm2 respectively.The results did not show significant difference.Conclusions Concentration and volume do not show significant influence on areas of sweat gland when botulinum toxin type A is injected intradermally in a certain dose.

Evaluation of multiple allergen simultaneous (sIgE) testing compared to intradermal testing in the etiological diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in horses

Although intradermal testing (IDT) is commonly used in the etiological diagnosis of allergies, in vitro testing for specific IgE (sIgE) is an attractive alternative. Currently, new laboratory techniques in veterinary allergological practice, including multiple allergen simultaneous tests (MASTs), gradually supersede in vivo tests. Both, serological (sIgE) and IDTs in fourteen atopic Malopolski horses were performed. Correlation and agreement between test results were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that sIgE to Acarus siro had the best diagnostic performance (Area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.969), followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (AUC = 0.844), Dermatophagoides farinae (AUC = 0.813) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (AUC = 0.803). A significant positive correlation between IDT and MAST was found for A. siro (r(S) = 0.870; p = 0.00005), and D. farinae (r(S) = 0.657; p = 0.011). There was significant moderate agreement for 2 of 5 allergens, A. siro (κ = 0.569) and D. farinae (κ = 0.485) in semiquantitative assessment and significant fair to substantial agreement for 3 of 5 allergens, D. pteronyssinus (κ = 0.689), A. siro (κ = 0.569), D. farinae (κ = 0.432) in dichotomic assessment. Sensitivity ranged from 44% to 89%, depending on the allergen, while specificity was significantly higher for all allergens in MAST (60%–100%); the mean accuracy was 73% (manufacturer cut-off) and 77.4% (optimal cut-off) based on the Youden index. Compared with IDT, serological MAST showed good detection performance for 60% allergen sIgE in dichotomic assessment with substantial diagnostic capability, but careful clinical interpretation is needed for some allergens.

Needleless intradermal vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease induced granuloma-free effective protection in pigs

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling and preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. The effective prevention of this disease requires the use of high-quality vaccines to meet the criteria that enable customers to use them simply. The administration of FMD vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants in pigs can induce the formation of granuloma in the muscle of the vaccinated, which makes these vaccines a less preferable option. Therefore, it is important to establish an FMD vaccine and vaccine delivery tool that offers better immunity and safer application. This study compared the immune responses of intramuscular and needleless intradermal vaccination in pigs. When the same amount of an FMD virus (FMDV) antigen was administered to pigs, both the intradermally and intramuscularly vaccinated groups were protected completely against a challenge of the homologous FMDV, but the intramuscularly vaccinated group showed an overall higher level of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the formation of granuloma in muscle could be excluded in the intradermally vaccinated group. Of the oil-based adjuvants selected in this study, ISA 207 was effective in eliciting immunogenicity in intradermal vaccination. In conclusion, a new vaccine formula can be chosen for the delivery of intradermal route to exclude the possibility of local reactions in the muscle and generate protective immunity against an FMDV challenge.