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ObjectiveTo understand the current situation of the experimental miniature pig industry and promote its good development. MethodsUsing Questionnaire Star to design the survey content, the survey was conducted by targeted push and voluntary filling. The valid questionnaires collected were classified and summarized by EXCEL2010 software. ResultsA total of 35 entities participated in the survey, including 12 production entities and 23 user entities. There were 1 623 employees in the 35 entities, 927 (57.11%) with college degree or below, and 696 (42.89%) with bachelor degree or above. The largest number of employees have majors in animal science and animal medicine. The salary level of employees in the production entity is higher than that of the user entity, but the research output (published papers and patents) rate of the user entity in the past 5 years is higher than that of the production entity. The current inventory of miniature pigs in 12 production entities was 5 353, of which 3 471 (64.84%) were Bama pigs and 5 243 (97.95%) were ordinary grade pigs. The vaccination rate of swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease was 100%, and the animal mortality rate of seven entities was ≤3.0%. The profit of ordinary grade miniature pigs was 954 yuan/head, and that of SPF grade miniature pigs was 10 037 yuan/head. ConclusionIt is suggested to strengthen market supervision, expand the channels for introducing professional and technical talents, accelerate the research of new quality testing technologies, promote the rapid transformation of miniature pig scientific research achievements, and establish a public service platform to strengthen information communication between supply and demand sides. We hope to work together with our colleagues to jointly promote the normalized, standardized, healthy and stable development of the experimental miniature pig industry.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar la evolución y empleo del método de experto en investigaciones pedagógicas y educacionales cubanas. Para cumplir este propósito se desarrolló un estudio bibliométrico y de contenido, con una muestra conformada por 1000 tesis doctorales defendidas durante el período 1995-2019, lo cual representa el 31,96 por ciento de la producción nacional en estas ramas de la ciencia. Se identificaron 29 métodos de uso más frecuente, así como una red de términos que demarcan cinco conglomerados de campos de aplicación. Los métodos se clasifican, generalmente, como empíricos o teóricos, con un grado de normalización relativamente bajo. En particular, el método de experto ha sido aplicado de manera creciente y sistemática durante las dos últimas décadas, con énfasis marcado en el caso particular del método Delphi. Las terminologías más comunes son experto y especialista, sin que se aprecien diferencias conceptuales notables entre ellas. La búsqueda de validez ha sido sustituida paulatinamente por otras nociones cualitativas como viabilidad y el binomio pertinencia-factibilidad. La búsqueda de consenso ha perdido terreno frente a otros objetivos más flexibles, como la evaluación de la calidad de un resultado científico, principalmente metodologías, concepciones y modelos. También se estableció un modelo matemático basado en la regresión logística binaria, que resulta útil para estimar la probabilidad de que el método de experto se implemente durante una investigación doctoral. En este modelo intervienen siete variables, entre las cuales la encuesta y los métodos estadísticos resultan más influyentes e interrelacionados(AU)
The objective of this research is to characterize the evolution and use of the expert method in Cuban pedagogical and educational research. To fulfil this purpose, a bibliometric and content study was developed. A sample was made up of 1000 doctoral dissertations from 1995-2019, which represents 31.96percent of the national production in these branches of science. Twenty-nine most frequently used methods were identified, as well as a network of terms that define five conglomerates of application fields. Methods are generally classified as empirical or theoretical, with a relatively low degree of standardization. In particular, the expert method has been applied increasingly and systematically during the last two decades, with marked emphasis on the particular case of Delphi method. The most common terminologies are expert and specialist, with no notable conceptual differences between them. The search for validity has gradually been replaced by other qualitative notions, such as feasibility and pertinence-feasibility binomial. The search for consensus has lost ground compared to other more flexible objectives, such as the evaluation of the quality of a scientific result, mainly methodologies, conceptions and models. A mathematical model based on binary logistic regression was also established, which is useful to estimate the probability that the Expert Method is implemented during a doctoral research. Seven variables are involved in this model, among which the survey and statistical methods are more influential and interrelated(AU)
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Humans , Research , Delphi Technique , Bibliometrics , Expert Testimony , Cross-Sectional Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for promoting large-scale， standardized and high-quality planting of Chinese medicinal materials. METHODS： Through the communication by phone with the agriculture bureau of each district and county， the contact with the relevant township government and the field visit investigation during Jun. 2013-Dec. 2018 by Lanzhou institute for food and drug control， variety， area， yield and output value， cultivation techniques and processing methods of Chinese medicinal materials in the planting area of Lanzhou were investigated and statistically analyzed. The advantages and problems were analyzed， and reasonable suggestions for planting Chinese medicinal materials were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： In 2018， artificial planting of Chinese medicinal materials in lanzhou has a certain scale， with 21 artificial planting varieties， a total planting area of about 510 000 mu， an annual output of 170 000 tons， an annual production value of over 1.7 billion yuan. Cultivation techniques mainly include seedling transplanting， mulching or direct seeding， while drying is the main processing method. Artificial planting of Chinese medicinal materials in Lanzhou has a certain scale and prominent characteristic varieties； authenticity is guaranteed， and the combination of Chinese medicinal materials planting and tourism drives economic development. However， there are still some problems， such as a certain distance from the development of industrialization， variety degradation， backward basic research， serious natural disasters. It is suggested to strengthen its propaganda and expand its advantages， at the same time， enhance government support， develop and construct planting bases of Chinese medicinal materials， strengthen the awareness of good agricultural practice （GAP）， strengthen scientific research strengeh， explore breeding techniques of fine varieties of Chinese medicinal materials， develop insurance of Chinese medicinal materials， and guarantee the development of planting industry so as to promote large-scale， standardized and high-quality planting of Chinese medicinal materials.
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The definition and function of epidemiological investigation report on food safety accident is described and its impact on the business behavior,civil liability,administrative responsibility,and criminal responsibility of food producers,marketers,supervisory and management department is presented.It suggests that center for disease prevention and control should give attention to timeliness,authenticity,accuracy,normalization of epidemiological investigation report on food safety accidents and cases.The purpose is to avoid accountability on investigation of food safety accidents and ensure the epidemiological investigation report not been challenged in legal proceedings as evidence.
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Objective ToinvestigateanimportedcaseofZikavirusdiseaseinWenzhouCity,toexplorethesourceof infection,to analyse the problems during surveillance and diagnosis,and to provide evidence for prevention and control of Zikavirusdisease.Methods Byfieldinvestigation,medicalrecordsofthepatientwerecollectedandaface-to-face interview was conducted;blood,urine and saliva samples within 48 h were collected for RNA detection;assess the risk of diseasespreadingbymosquitosurveillanceandtakecontrolmeasures.Results Theonsetofthediseasewasonthepatient's way home from aboard on February 21st,2016.Before then,She lived in Paramaribo,the capital of Suriname in South America,which is an epidemic area of Zika virus.The patient had exposure history,with red,diffuse rash on her head,face, neck and limbs,and once was diagnosed as allergic eruption because of no fever.The two blood samples were both tested negative yet We detected urine and saliva samples showed positive.With the evidence above,the patient was finally diagnosed as an imported Zika virus case.The spreading risk of this case was low due to the low temperature.Conclusion there may be cases without fever or with blood sample tested RNA negative.As the weather gets warmer,missed diagnosis should be aware of,or the risk of spreading through mosquitos would increase.Therefore,in order to further improvement should lie in mosquito control and disease surveillance.
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Objective To build a supervision mechanism for independent clinical labs (ICL),surveyed the current situation of such novel institutions in China.Methods By way of the nationwide network of clinical labs,ICL in China were surveyed by written questionnaires and spot inspection.Results In the surveyed 38 ICLs,the maximum registered capital was 44 900 thousands,the minimum was 2 000 thousands.The maximum number of employee was 1 105,the minimum was 19.6 labs passed ISO15189 ratification,4 labs passed CAP ratification.17 labs participated in local external quality control,29 labs par-ticipated in national external quality control.Conclusion Although ICL in our country have developed well in the past dec-ade,such vulnerabilities as unbalanced staff ratio,full-range quality control bugs,cutthroat competition,asymmetrical infor-mation disclosure and bio-safety have loomed in the meantime.It is time to formulate a stricter industry access system and appropriate regulatory modes.
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A scheme for constructing the information commons with characteristics of medical and pharmaceutical colleges and universities was put forward in term of its construction model, function layout and implementation steps in combination with the practical conditions in Library of Guangdong Pharmaceutical College according to the ques-tionnaire investigation and analysis of the suggestions proposed by the readers for the construction of information commons.
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The cost-benefit analysis of medical equipment investment has been paid much more attention by the hospitals' decision makers. The overall planning should been strengthened before the introduction of equipments and doing a good job in market research contributes to exert equipments' effectiveness. The equipment use and management being strengthened can significantly reduce the costs and improve the efficiency and effectiveness,and furthermore,end-of-life equipment management are also important factors to reduce costs. The investigation is based on the same one among Grade II hospitals in Shanghai in 2007. Referring to the result of similar investigation in 2005,analysis and thinking from different aspects are showed to offer some reference in the future device assets management of hospitals.